Morphological variation in natural populations of Lotus corniculatus in association to geographical parameters of collecting sites

AbstractPhenotypic variation and association between morphologic traits and geographic characteristics (latitude, longitude and elevation) were investigated for fifteen wild birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) populations collected from diverse natural stands in Slovakia. Considerable variation between populations was observed for morphological characteristics. According to principal component analysis, the attributes that appeared to be the major sources of diversity between these populations were growth habit, number of internodes, stem length, stem thickness, number of stems per plant and leaf length. The populations were classified into five morphologic cluster groups, corresponding to collecting sites with similar geographic characteristics. This study showed that most populations from locations with lower elevation tended to produce semi-prostrate plants with high number of long stems and with later flowering. The number of stems, number of internodes and stem length increased as the population collecting-site location moved west and south. The results may be useful for planning more effective collection and utilization of several wild populations.

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Variation in leaf characteristics among provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. grown in Zambia

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9710237 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 237

Author(s):

J Burley ◽

PJ Wood ◽

AS Hans

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Ecotypic Variation ◽

Old Trees

Eight morphological characters of leaves were examined in 2-year-old trees of 25 provenances of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn, grown in a replicated trial in Zambia. Provenances differed significantly in leaf length and width, base angle, and oil gland density but significant effects were attributed to trees within provenances. Leaf curvature also varied between provenances, trees, and branches. The tip angle and the number of veins did not vary significantly. Leaf length and oil gland density were related to maximum temperature at seed source rather than to latitude but the reverse occurred for leaf width. Significant amounts of variation were explained by a linear combination of temperature and latitude but not by longitude, altitude, or rainfall. Information on seven traits was combined in principal component analysis in which the first component (a measure of leaf shape) accounted for 36% of total observed variation while the second (weighted largely on leaf length) accounted for 26%. Mapping of both univariate and multivariate results indicated that there are two major ecotypes and gave some evidence of clinal and ecotypic variation within them. The conclusions support those of other workers both in natural populations in Australia and in exotic populations elsewhere.

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Two morphologically distinct groups of the Calypogeia fissa complex were found in Europe

Biodiversity Research and Conservation ◽

10.2478/v10119-011-0014-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 29-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Katarzyna Buczkowska ◽

Jakub Sawicki ◽

Monika Szczecińska ◽

Stanisław Rosadziński ◽

Mariola Rabska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Stem Length ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Morphometric Characters ◽

Diagnostic Characters ◽

Forward Stepwise ◽

Herbarium Collections

Two morphologically distinct groups of theCalypogeia fissacomplex were found in EuropeTwo genetically distinct groups (PSand PB) detected previously within theC. fissacomplex in Europe were studied with respect to 47 morphometric characters. The two examined groups differed statistically significantly with respect to 34 morphological traits. The forward stepwise method of discriminant analysis showed that the set of diagnostic characters could be limited to nine. The best diagnostic features were morphological characters describing the shape of leaf: length and width of leaf, height of dorsal part and distance from the apex to the ventral base of the leaf, length of the 3rdcoordinate of the leaf, and underleaf width as well as characters of the stem: length of internodes and size of internode cells. Plants of the PSgroup were smaller (shoot width range from 922-1780 μm) than plants of the PBgroup (1600-3900 μm). Based on genetically identified samples, classification functions for each group were computed and the derived functions were used for the classification of samples from the herbarium collections. The principal component analysis and dendrogram constructed on the basis of Euclidean distance, using the set of diagnostic characters, divided the examined samples into two groups that correlated with groups detected by isozyme markers. Results of multivariable analysis showed that it is possible to satisfactorily characterise morphologically both genetically distinct groups of theC. fissacomplex.

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Morphological and anatomical relationships in Alpine-Dinaric populations of the genus Iris L., Pallidae series (A. Kern.) Trinajstić (Iridaceae)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2000.038 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 285-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Bożena Mitić ◽

Toni Nikolić ◽

Zlatko Liber

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Statistics ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Epidermal Cells ◽

Stem Length ◽

Geographical Differentiation ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Mixed Populations ◽

Cultivated Populations

The relationships within the Alpine-Dinaric and cultivated populations of the genus Iris, Pallidae series, have been analysed. Seven morphological characteristics (stem length, length of the largest leaf, greatest width of the largest leaf, length of the smallest leaf, greatest width of the smallest leaf, the number of leaves and the number of flowers) and seven leaf anatomical (length and width of stomata, length and width of epidermal cells, number of stomata and epidermal cells per mm'- and length of styloids) have been used for this purpose. Relationships between populations were analysed by methods of multivariate statistics (Cluster, PCA and MST analyses). The results of Cluster and PCA analyses showed that, owing to leaf anatomical features, five main groups of the populations could be distinguished within the Pallidae series. Four of them belong to the species L. pallida, L. cengialti, L. illyrica and I. pseudopallida. The MST analyses showed that the fifth group contained mixed populations of I. illyrica and I. pseudopallida. The results point at the lack of taxonomic usefulness of the leaf anatomical features analysed and indicate that they caused successive geographical differentiation of the populations of the Pallidae series.

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Morphological and karyological relationship within Alpine-Dinaric populations of the genus Iris L., Pallidae series (A. Kern.) Trinajstić (Iridaceae)

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2001.029 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 221-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bożena Mitić ◽

Toni Nikolić ◽

Zlatko Liber

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Chromosome Length ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Stem Length ◽

Species Status ◽

Isolated Populations ◽

Northern Adriatic ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cultivated Populations

The relationships within the Alpine-Dinaric and cultivated populations of the genus Iris, Pallidae series, have been analysed by methods of multivariate statistics (Cluster, PCA and MST analyses). The bases for multivariate analyses were seven morphological characteristics (stem length, length of largest leaf, greatest width of the largest leaf, length of smallest leaf, greatest width of the smallest leaf, the number of leaves and the number of flowers) and relative chromosome length for 12 chromosome pairs. In spite of two similar looking isolated populations (Stara Baška and Konavle), the presence of four groups within the series was established, to which a species status can be ascribed: I. pallida Lam. separated as a horticultural species, /. cengialti Ambr. - endemic in Alpine region, /. illyrica Tomm. - endemic to the northern Adriatic Littoral and I. pseudopallida Trinajstić - endemic to the southern Adriatic Littoral. To differentiate the established groups, in PCA analysis the most significant features turned out to be: relative chromosome length of eleventh and tenth chromosome pairs, the length of the smallest leaf, relative chromosome length of the seventh chromosome pair and length of the stem.

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Characteristics of coffee as a response to different environmental conditions in Lampung: I. Morphological variations

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v35i2.357 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 103-118

Author(s):

Erwin Prastowo ◽

Rina Arimarsetiowati

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Principal Component ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Yield Component ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Environmental Condition ◽

Qualitative Variable ◽

Robusta Coffee

The coffee growth is considered to depend, partly, on the environmental condition at which they develop to accomplish their both vegetative and generative stages. An exploratory survey aimed at investigating the morphological characteristics of 13 Robusta coffee accessions growing on different environmental conditions, i.e. altitudes, slopes, and micro-climates, in Lampung. Local superior coffee clones were selected from 8 farms to evaluate in terms of their yield components and growth characters. Three key issues are considered to observe quantitatively, i.e. plant components of leaves, branches, and fruits. The qualitative characteristics of leaves and cherries, i.e. colour and shape, were also assessed to support the comparative data analysis. The results show a similarity of ca. 60% of total qualitative variable identified among different accessions. The remaining characters are suggested to be more varying such as flush colour, leaf surface, ripe fruit colour, and stipule shape. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis shows a higher level of similarity for fruit characters, i.e. fruit length, fruit width, and fruit thickness, and to a slightly lower level for leaf characteristics, i.e. leaf length and width, and the number of productive branches. Conversely, part of yield component, such as weight of fruits, may be affected by altitude as some accessions, e.g. number 1 and 8, demonstrating a pronounced character in the principal component analysis. The same analysis reveals that some variables, i.e. fruit weight; leaf and seed; and canopy characteristics, explaining the morphological variation of coffee throughout the accessions. Furthermore, cluster analysis may indicate a possible similarity of coffee morphologies either from area with different or the same environmental conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that environmental condition variation in Lampung may affect to a lesser extent the morphological characters of Robusta coffee.

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Variation in leaf morphology of Quercus pontica natural populations in Turkey

BALTIC FORESTRY ◽

10.46490/bf541 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nebahat Yildirim ◽

İbrahim Turna

Keyword(s):

Leaf Morphology ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Relative Length ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Mean Values ◽

Leaf Vein ◽

Significant Relationships ◽

Components Analysis

Quercus pontica K.Koch is a relict plant species which is classified as vulnerable (VU) in Turkey. Within the scope of this study it needed to be investigated are there variations in leaf morphological characteristics within and among Q. pontica populations. Variation in leaf traits in relation to seven different natural provinces was identified. In total, 99 individuals were selected, and 30 leaves were collected from each shrub to determine leaf variations in Q. pontica populations. Mean values for petiole length (1.07 cm), leaf length (17.13 cm), lamina length (16.13 cm), leaf width (8.10 cm), leaf area (93.76 cm2), leaf vein angle (54.22 degree), total number of primary veins (38.72), total number of teeth (40.73), petiole ratio (6.34%), relative length of lamina at largest width (50.50%), and percentage of venation (98.65%) were determined in all populations. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant differences (p< 0.01) among individuals within populations for all leaf characteristics. Variations among populations were detected by cluster analysis and principal components analysis. According to the analysis results, the 11 populations were grouped in three categories. Using correlation analysis, statistically significant relationships between leaf traits were determined. In this study, we detected no significant relationship between environmental factors (altitude, aspect, annual temperature and annual precipitation) and leaf traits. Key words: leaf morphology, Quercus pontica, relict, variation

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Molecular and morphological characterization related to salt stress in natural populations of the Medicago polymorpha species

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.04.p2633 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 484-493

Author(s):

Abdelnasser Bakhti ◽

Fatima-Zohra FyadLameche

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Molecular Markers ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Principal Component ◽

Stem Length ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Medicago Polymorpha ◽

R Ratio

Legumes are important crops due to their nutritional benefits as well as their utility in agriculture rotation. The morphological and molecular markers can elucidate plant response to stresses. In the present study, we investigated indicators of molecular polymorphism related to salt stress tolerance in natural populations of Medicago polymorpha species. The plant samples were collected from different geographical sites in western Algeria. Morphological growth parameters such as root length stem length of plant and T/R ratio were examined under four NaCl concentration levels (0, 68, 102 and 137 mM). The molecular study was carried out using SSR molecular markers on all the studied populations. Significant differences were observed in mean squares of analysis of variance, indicating relation between geographical origins and populations. This analysis showed the existence of two contrasted populations (DZ221 and DZ312). DZ221 is a relatively salt tolerant, and DZ312 is sensitive. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was calculated using the PCA function, revealing a high correlation between the morphological traits and the geographical distribution of populations. It divided populations into four distinguished groups respecting their origin geographical sites. The molecular results of the polymorphism degree showed that the natural populations of M. Polymorpha species were strictly homozygous (100%). The PIC index of the three microsatellites was very informative (0.77). Additionally, the results showed that both microsatellites (FMT11 and MTIC297) revealed some alleles detected in the tolerant population (DZ221) suggesting that they can be used as indicators of saline stress tolerance adaptation.

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Hybridisation of Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. with Malus × domestica Borkh. and Implications for the Production of Forest Reproductive Material

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12030367 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 367

Author(s):

Mateja Kišek ◽

Kristjan Jarni ◽

Robert Brus

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Apple Trees ◽

Genetic Characteristics ◽

Malus Domestica Borkh ◽

Malus Sylvestris ◽

Forest Reproductive Material ◽

Reproductive Material ◽

Crab Apple

This study focuses on the morphological and genetic characteristics of European crab apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) and the occurrence of hybrids in its populations. We analyzed a total of 107 putative European crab apple trees in Slovenia: 92 from nine natural populations, five from a seed stand and 10 from a stand of unnatural origin. We also included 18 domesticated apple trees (Malus × domestica Borkh.) and two Japanese flowering crab apple trees (Malusfloribunda van Houtte) as outliers. The trees were classified into groups of European crab apples, hybrids and domesticated apples according to their morphological and genetic characteristics. Classification based on morphological traits produced different results (58.75% European crab apple, 37.11% hybrids and 4.14% domesticated apple) compared to those based on genetic analysis (70.10% European crab apple, 21.64% hybrids and 8.26% domesticated apple). When genetic and morphological characteristics were combined, only 40.20% of the trees were classified as European crab apple, and an additional group of feral cultivars of domesticated apples (6.18%) was identified. The analysis revealed that hybridization with domesticated apple is taking place in all studied natural European crab apple populations; however, hybrids and feral cultivars only occur to a limited extent. When introducing European crab apple into forests in the future, only genetically verified forest reproductive material obtained exclusively from suitable seed stands should be used.

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Implications of phenotypic plasticity for numerical taxonomy of Ornithogalum montanum (Liliaceae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b91-006 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 34-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. Pigliucci ◽

M. G. Politi ◽

D. Bellincampi

Keyword(s):

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Phenotypic Plasticity ◽

Numerical Taxonomy ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Principal Component ◽

Reaction Norm ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Morphological Response ◽

Numerical Taxonomic Study ◽

High Degree

Implications of phenotypic plasticity in a subspecific numerical taxonomic study of Ornithogalum montanum Cyr. (Liliaceae) are discussed. Clones belonging to six natural populations were grown in a glasshouse, and their morphological response to three water dosages was analyzed by means of principal component analysis. PC-1 ranks the three groups of replicated populations, suggesting a high degree of phenotypic plasticity; on the other hand, PC-3 is almost environmentally independent. Proximities in the phenetic space are shown to be at least partially environmentally dependent, suggesting a reaction norm for the character correlation matrix. The results do not corroborate a previous recognition of six subspecies of O. montanum. Key words: phenotypic plasticity, numerical taxonomy, Ornithogalum, reaction norm, principal component analysis.

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Population Genetics and Evolution Analysis Reveal Diversity and Origin of Ammopiptanthus in China.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-779119/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guai-qiang Chai ◽

Yizhong Duan ◽

Peipei Jiao ◽

Zhongyu Du ◽

Furen Kang

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Association Studies ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Principal Component ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Future Design ◽

Ammopiptanthus Nanus ◽

Genome Wide

Abstract Background：Elucidating and revealing the population genetic structure, genetic diversity and recombination is essential for understanding the evolution and adaptation of species. Ammopiptanthus, which is an endangered survivor from the Tethys in the Tertiary Period, is the only evergreen broadleaf shrub grown in Northwest of China. However, little is known about its genetic diversity and underlying adaptation mechanisms. Results：Here, 111 Ammopiptanthus individuals collected from fifteen natural populations in estern China were analyzed by means of the specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). Based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertions and deletions (InDels) detected by SLAF-seq, genetic diversity and markers associated with climate and geographical distribution variables were identified. The results of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation revealed that all fifteen populations showed medium genetic diversity, with PIC values ranging from 0.1648 to 0.3081. AMOVA and Fst indicated that a low genetic differentiation existed among populations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that NX-BG and NMG-DQH of fifteen populations have the highest homology，while the genetic structure analysis revealed that these Ammopiptanthus germplasm accessions were structured primarily along the basis of their geographic collection, and that an extensive admixture occurred in each group. In addition, the genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) and principal component analysis showed that Ammopiptanthus nanus had a more diverse genomic background, and all genetic populations were clearly distinguished, although different degrees of introgression were detected in these groups. Conclusion：Our study could provide guidance to the future design of association studies and the systematic utilization and protection of the genetic variation characterizing the Ammopiptanthus.

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