scholarly journals Copeptin - is There a Role for Another Cardiac Biomarker?

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Unić ◽  
Dunja Rogić ◽  
Gordana Rajsman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cardiac Biomarker ◽  
Precursor Peptide ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory ◽  
New Biomarkers

Copeptin - is There a Role for Another Cardiac Biomarker?The discovery and development of new biomarkers continues to be a promising field. Since cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death in the developed countries, this is the area in which novel biomarkers have been most extensively evaluated. Arginine vasopressin (AVP or antidiuretic hormone) is one of the key hormones in the human body involved in cardiovascular homeostasis. It has so far escaped introduction into the routine clinical laboratory due to technical difficulties and pre-analytical errors. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the AVP precursor peptide, was found to be a stable and sensitive surrogate marker for AVP release. During the past years, copeptin measurement has been shown to be of interest in a variety of clinical indications, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. This review summarizes the recent progress in the diagnostic use of plasma copeptin in cardiovascular diseases.

Kardiochirurgische Eingriffe bei schweren Blutungsdiathesen

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S83-S86 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Schobess ◽  
A. Siegemund ◽  
C. J. Correia ◽  
J. Oppermann ◽  
J. Banusch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Coagulation Factors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Bleeding Diathesis ◽  
Concomitant Therapy ◽  
Kardiochirurgische Eingriffe ◽  
The Developed Countries

SummaryCardiovascular diseases are the most common disorder in the developed countries. Invasive cardiological and cardiosurgical techniques are known therapies.Yet, patients with severe hereditary haemorrhagical diseases (haemophilia, rare deficiencies of coagulation factors) have an increased bleeding risk by the use of anticoagulants. Therefore, the treatment of these patients requires a concomitant therapy.This article shows eight patients with a severe bleeding diathesis and cardiosurgical interventions in the years 2006 to 2011. This case report shall demonstrate that an adequate therapy can be accomplished with the help of a good cooperation between haemostaseologists and colleagues of the cardioinvasive/ cardiosurgical disciplines.

Biomarkers, Biosensors and Biomedicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (21) ◽  
pp. 3519-3533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weslley Felix de Oliveira ◽  
Priscila Marcelino dos Santos Silva ◽  
Luana Cassandra Breitenbach Barroso Coelho ◽  
Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Molecular Probes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Atherosclerotic Process ◽  
New Biomarkers

The discovery of new biomarkers associated with cancer, neurological and cardiovascular diseases is necessary, since these are common, recurrent diseases considered as leading causes of death in the human population. Molecular signatures of these disorders that can be identified at the outset of their pathogenesis leading to prompt and targeted treatment may increase patient survival. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease that can be expressed differently among individuals; in addition, treatments may have a differentiated approach according to the type of malignant neoplasm. Thus, these neoplastic cells can synthesize and release specific molecules depending on the site where carcinogenesis begins. Moreover, life expectancy is increasing especially in developed countries, however, cases of neurodegenerative diseases have grown in the older members of the population. Commonly, some neurological disorders, which can occur physiologically by the process of senescence, are confused with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). In addition, cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in the world; studies capable of identifying, through molecular probes, the beginning of development of an atherosclerotic process can lead to early treatment to avoid an acute myocardial infarction. Accuracy in the detection of these biomarkers can be obtained through biosensors whose design has been increasingly studied to elaborate inexpensive sensory platforms capable of precise detection, even at low concentrations, of the molecule to be measured. The aim of this review is to address biomarkers to be used in diagnoses instead of invasive exams; biosensors for the specific and sensitive detection of these biological markers are also investigated.

scholarly journals Proteomic Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BMI.S488 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Vivanco ◽  
L.R. Padial ◽  
V.M. Darde ◽  
F. De La Cuesta ◽  
G. Alvarez-Llamas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Tissue ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Novel Proteins ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Biomarkers

Biomarkers provide a powerful approach to understanding the spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. They have application in screening, diagnostic, prognostication, prediction of recurrences and monitoring of therapy. The “omics” tool are becoming very useful in the development of new biomarkers in cardiovascular diseases. Among them, proteomics is especially fitted to look for new proteins in health and disease and is playing a significant role in the development of new diagnostic tools in cardiovascular diagnosis and prognosis. This review provides an overview of progress in applying proteomics to atherosclerosis. First, we describe novel proteins identified analysing atherosclerotic plaques directly. Careful analysis of proteins within the atherosclerotic vascular tissue can provide a repertoire of proteins involved in vascular remodelling and atherogenesis. Second, we discuss recent data concerning proteins secreted by atherosclerotic plaques. The definition of the atheroma plaque secretome resides in that proteins secreted by arteries can be very good candidates of novel biomarkers. Finally we describe proteins that have been differentially expressed (versus controls) by individual cells which constitute atheroma plaques (endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and foam cells) as well as by circulating cells (monocytes, platelets) or novel biomarkers present in plasma.

scholarly journals The role of homocysteine and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, methionine synthase, methionine synthase reductase polymorphisms in the development of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension

2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (12) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Marosi ◽  
Annamária Ágota ◽  
Veronika Végh ◽  
József Gábor Joó ◽  
Zoltán Langmár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Methionine Synthase ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Mthfr Polymorphisms ◽  
Methionine Synthase Reductase ◽  
Reductase Gene ◽  
The Developed Countries

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading causes of death in the developed countries. Elevated homocysteine level is as an independent risk factor of CVDs. The C677T and A1298C variants of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR) have been shown to influence folate and homocysteine metabolisms. However, the relationship between MTHFR polymorphisms and hyperhomocysteinemia has not been well established yet. The gene variants were also reported to be associated with CVDs. In addition, the C677T polymorphisms may play a role in the development of hypertension. Recent research evidence has suggested that MTHFR variants might be independently linked to CVDs and hypertension, because of the involvement of the MTHFR enzyme product (5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate /5-MTHF) in the regulation of endothelial functions. Further research is required to investigate the association between gene polymorphisms of folate-metabolizing enzymes and CVDs, and to identify the possible role of the relevant gene variants in the molecular pathogenesis of hyperhomocysteinemia. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 445–453.

scholarly journals CLINICAL VALUE OF DETERMINING GALECTIN-3 IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

2017 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Gyamdzhyan ◽  
V. G. Kukes ◽  
M. L. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
Median Baseline ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
New Biomarkers

Relevance: today, the task of finding new biomarkers that could help monitor the effectiveness of pharmacotherapy, ensuring early diagnosis and predicting the clinical outcome of the disease continues to be relevant.Purpose: the purpose of the study was to assess the clinical value of determining galectin-3 in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).Material and methods: the study included 53 patients (women n = 31, men n = 22) with CHF II-III FC NYHA. The mean age of patients was 71 (95% CI 68.99-74.37). The group of patients with CHF II NYHA included 14 people, and the group with CHF III NYHA - 39. The median baseline level for NT-proBNP was 65.7 pmol/L, the median baseline for galectin-3 - 8.37 pmol/L.Results: increased levels of galectin-3 correlated with reduced EF (%) (R = -0.26, p = 0.04), increased serum creatinine (r = 0.26, p = 0.04) and elevated plasma levels of NT-proBNP (r = 0.3, p = 0.02). No statistically significant relationship was obtained with other clinical indicators, such as SBP, DBP, heart rate, BMI, the 6-minute test, LVMI, LVM, glucose, TC, GFR. We obtained a moderate correlation between the plasma levels of NT-proBNP and galectin-3 (r = 0.3, p = 0.02). Reduced levels of galectin-3 after treatment were observed in 84.3% of patients.Conclusion. Galectin-3 can be used as an additional diagnostic biomarker for CHF. The incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) is 1–2% among the population in the developed countries reaching >10% in patients aged over 70 years. [1] Despite a significant progress in the treatment of CHF over the past decades, the mortality rate is very high reaching 60% in men and 45% in women after 5 years after the initial diagnosis. [2] Therefore, the development of new methods for the prevention and treatment of CHF is a relevant medical and social problem. 

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Nonhemolytic and Nonpigmented Group B Streptococci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Six ◽  
Arnaud Firon ◽  
Céline Plainvert ◽  
Camille Caplain ◽  
Gérald Touak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pigment Production ◽  
Group B Streptococci ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Group B ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory

Group BStreptococcus(GBS) is a common commensal bacterium in adults, but is also the leading cause of invasive bacterial infections in neonates in developed countries. The β-hemolysin/cytolysin (β-h/c), which is always associated with the production of an orange-to-red pigment, is a major virulence factor that is also used for GBS diagnosis. A collection of 1,776 independent clinical GBS strains isolated in France between 2006 and 2013 was evaluated on specific medium for β-h/c activity and pigment production. The genomic sequences of nonhemolytic and nonpigmented (NH/NP) strains were analyzed to identify the molecular basis of this phenotype. Gene deletions or complementations were carried out to confirm the genotype-phenotype association. Sixty-three GBS strains (3.5%) were NH/NP, and 47 of these (74.6%) originated from invasive infections, including bacteremia and meningitis, in neonates or adults. The mutations are localized predominantly in thecyloperon, encoding the β-h/c pigment biosynthetic pathway and, in theabx1gene, encoding a CovSR regulator partner. In conclusion, although usually associated with GBS virulence, β-h/c pigment production is not absolutely required to cause human invasive infections. Caution should therefore be taken in the use of hemolysis and pigmentation as criteria for GBS diagnosis in routine clinical laboratory settings.

A Hexagonal (II) Phase Phospholipid Neutralization Assay for Lupus Anticoagulant Identification

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (05) ◽  
pp. 787-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A Triplett ◽  
Linda K Barna ◽  
Gail A Unger
Keyword(s):  
Hemophilia A ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Variable Screening ◽  
Routine Clinical Laboratory

SummaryLupus anticoagulants (LAs) are immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, or both) which interfere with in vitro phospholipid (PL) dependent tests of coagulation (e.g. APTT, dilute PT, dilute Russell Viper Venom Time). These antibodies may be identified in a wide variety of clinical settings. With the exception of heparinized patient samples, the presence of LAs is often the most common cause of an unexplained APTT in a routine clinical laboratory. The diagnosis of LAs is difficult due to variable screening reagent sensitivity and intrinsic heterogeneity of LAs. Recently, Rauch and colleagues have shown human monoclonal hybridoma LAs were inhibited by hexagonal (II) phase PLs. In contrast, lamellar phase PLs had no effect. We have evaluated a new assay system, Staclot LA®, which utilizes a hexagonal (II) phase PL (egg phosphatidylethanolamine [EPE]) as a confirmatory test for LAs. Plasma samples from the following patient populations were studied: LA positive, heparinized, oral anticoagulated, hemophilia A and B, and specific factor inhibitors (factors V, VIII, IX). Unlike previous studies, the LA positive patients were a mixed population including: autoimmune diseases, drug-induced, and post-infection. Our findings confirm the specificity of hexagonal (II) phase PL neutralization of LAs.

How to Assure Stable Development in Unstable Financial Environment?

2007 ◽  
pp. 4-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ershov
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Russian Stock Market ◽  
Stable Development ◽  
Financial Environment

Growing involvement of Russian economy in international economic sphere increases the role of external risks. Financial problems which the developed countries are encountered with today result in volatility of Russian stock market, liquidity problems for banks, unstable prices. These factors in total may put longer-term prospects of economic growth in jeopardy. Monetary, foreign exchange and stock market mechanisms become the centerpiece of economic policy approaches which should provide for stable development in the shaky environment.

The Reproduction Vector of the Russian Economy: 1999-2007

2008 ◽  
pp. 94-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Real Sector ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Developed Countries

The problem of the Russian economy’s growth rates is considered in the article in the context of Russia’s backwardness regarding GDP per capita in comparison with the developed countries. The author stresses the urgency of modernization of the real sector of the economy and the recovery of the country’s human capital. For reaching these goals short- or mid-term programs are not sufficient. Economic policy needs a long-term (15-20 years) strategy, otherwise Russia will be condemned to economic inertia and multiplying structural disproportions.

Power Generation for India with Higher Efficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Umeshkannan P ◽  
Muthurajan KG
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Potential Demand ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Developed Nations

The developed countries are consuming more amount of energy in all forms including electricity continuously with advanced technologies.  Developing  nation’s  energy usage trend rises quickly but very less in comparison with their population and  their  method of generating power is not  seems  to  be  as  advanced  as  developed  nations. The   objective   function   of   this   linear   programming model is to maximize the average efficiency of power generation inIndia for 2020 by giving preference to energy efficient technologies. This model is subjected to various constraints like potential, demand, running cost and Hydrogen / Carbon ratio, isolated load, emission and already installed capacities. Tora package is used to solve this linear program. Coal,  Gas,  Hydro  and  Nuclear  sources can are  supply around 87 %  of  power  requirement .  It’s concluded that we can produce power  at  overall  efficiency  of  37%  while  meeting  a  huge demand  of  13,00,000  GWh  of  electricity.  The objective function shows the scenario of highaverage efficiency with presence of 9% renewables. Maximum value   is   restricted   by   low   renewable   source’s efficiencies, emission constraints on fossil fuels and cost restriction on some of efficient technologies. This    model    shows    that    maximum    18%    of    total requirement   can   be   met   by   renewable itself which reduces average efficiency to 35.8%.   Improving technologies  of  renewable  sources  and  necessary  capacity addition  to  them in  regular  interval  will  enhance  their  role and existence against fossil fuels in future. The work involves conceptualizing, modeling, gathering information for data’s to be used in model for problem solving and presenting different scenarios for same objective.

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