scholarly journals Prolific Inventor Productivity and Mobility: A Western/Asian com-parison. Evidence from US Patent Data for 12 Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Christian Le Bas ◽  
William Latham ◽  
Dmitry Volodin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Creative Process ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seminal Work

This paper provides new insights into the role of individual inventors in the innovation process. Individuals are central in this creative process because innovation is not simply a product of firms and organizations; it requires individual creativity (Rothaermel and Hess, 2007). We focus our analysis on prolific inventors (a rich sub category of inventors) because they contribute so hugely to national invention totals (Le Bas et al., 2010) and tend to produce inventions that have more economic value (Gambardella et al., 2005; Gay et al., 2008). Converging empirical evidence has established the significance of prolific inventors (Ernst et al., 2000). Previous studies of prolific (or “key”) inventors have focused more on the firms in which they work or on the industries in which the firms operate. Narin and Breitzman’s (1995) seminal work on the topic is based on an analysis of only four firms in a single sector and a recent paper by Pilkington et al. (2009) uses only two firms. In contrast to these studies on small samples, we use a very large data set which includes thousands of inventors in thousands of firms from several countries.

scholarly journals ICT-based innovation and its competitive outcome: the role of information intensity

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Neirotti ◽  
Danilo Pesce
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Role Of Information

Purpose Prior research highlights the vital role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for innovation in response to environmental conditions. However, there is a lack of studies that analyse the determinants of ICT investments on the innovation activities of firms in relation with their impacts on the industrial and competitive dynamics using large data sets. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of ICT investments on the industrial and competitive dynamics for a large and representative panel data set. All the industries are included, and lagged effects of ICT investments are studied. The model is tested on a seven-year panel (2008–2014) of 231 Italian industries using two-stage least squares instrumental-variables estimators with industry time and fixed effects. Findings The results indicate that munificent industries and higher ICT spending are interrelated facts, showing that in sectors with more growth opportunities firms invest more in ICT and this leads to higher industry concentration, greater profit dispersion and higher competitive turbulence in the sector. Also, the paper shows that SMEs can rarely take advantage of their ICT-based innovation to start high-growth phenomena. Practical implications The results suggest that ICT-based innovation may create competitive advantages that are hard to sustain over the long-term raising important implications for managers involved in ICT-enabled innovations and policy-makers involved in building programs to foster innovation. Originality/value Against the backdrop of today’s digital transformation, the paper enriches our understanding on the disruptive effects exerted by the digitalization of the innovation process and provides a base to continue the investigation of industrial changes and competitive dynamics.

Which professional skills value more under digital transformation?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Paklina ◽  
Elena Shakina
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Hedonic Pricing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computing Skills

PurposeThis study seeks to explore the demand side of the labour market influenced by the digital revolution. It aims at identifying the new composition of skills and their value as implicitly manifested by employers when they look for the new labour force. The authors analyse the returns to computing skills based on text mining techniques applied to the job advertisements.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on the hedonic pricing model with the Heckman correction to overcome the sample selection bias. The empirical part is based on a large data set that includes more than 9m online vacancies on one of the biggest job boards in Russia from 2006 to 2018.FindingsEmpirical evidence for both negative and positive returns to computing skills and their monetary values is found. Importantly, the authors also have found both complementary and substitutional effects within and between non-domain (basic) and domain (advanced) subgroups of computing skills.Originality/valueApart from the empirical evidence on the value of professional computing skills and their interrelations, this study provides the important methodological contribution on applying the hedonic procedure and text mining to the field of human resource management and labour market research.

Examining the Relevance of Intellectual Capital in Improving the Entrepreneurial Propensity Among Indians

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Musa Khan ◽  
Mohd Yasir Arafat ◽  
Mohd Anas Raushan ◽  
Imran Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Structural Capital ◽  
Large Data Set ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The Relationship

Intellectual capital is considered as knowledge which can transform into value. Recently, it has gained currency in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship. Only a handful of studies have been conducted to examine the role of intellectual capital in explaining the venture creation process. The main aim of this study is to examine the influence of intellectual capital on start-up. A large data set of Adult Population Survey (APS) provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) used. The logistic regression technique was used to analyze the effect of intellectual capital on entrepreneurial intention. The finding suggests that policymakers should frame policy and programs focused on developing human capital, structural capital and encourage interaction between existing and potential entrepreneurs so that entrepreneurship can be boosted. This study is also among the few studies measuring the relationship between intellectual capital and entrepreneurial intention. A systematic literature survey shows that only small numbers of researches, based on large data set, have been conducted in developing countries like India.

scholarly journals Where is Waldo? or find the platelet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Menter
Keyword(s):  
Wound Repair ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cell Recruitment ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Migration Capacity

AbstractPlatelets evolved from nucleated thrombocytes that exhibit both coagulation and immune function. The essential role of platelets in coagulation is common knowledge. The larger and critical role of platelets in immune responses and cancer are frequently overlooked in our modern-day, large-data-set, sequencing-oriented efforts. Much like Waldo, their small size, biophysical characteristics, rapid biological responses, active cytoskeleton, migration capacity, and lack of a nucleus make them difficult to track as single platelets disappear while executing their function into the histologic “tissue scape”. The adaptive evolution of platelets is linked to placentalization and stopping massive blood loss. This resulted in exclusion of any platelet nucleus and therefore sustainable gene expression due to being extruded in the billions (1011) per day from megakaryocytes under bone marrow protection. The platelets’ small size and sheer number in circulation, combined with an active open canalicular exchange- and membrane-reserve system, plus an array of pathogen receptors enable them to deal with small pathogenic viral treats and to decorate larger ones for further immune identification and immune-cell recruitment. Once stimulated, platelets release most serum-based cytokines and growth factors that contribute to cell growth and wound repair, and potentially to immune suppression. From a self-taught practitioner of the illustrative arts with a ken for platelet biology, this offering is a humble attempt to provide a stimulating sketch of the critical importance of platelet biology and insights into potential new directions for finding the Waldo-esque platelet.

The role of clusters in the global innovation strategy of MNEs

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 324-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Gugler ◽  
Michael Keller ◽  
Xavier Tinguely
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Patent Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Global Innovation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Theoretical Developments

Purpose – This paper aims to focus on the role of clusters as home and host country-specific advantages for multinational enterprises (“MNEs”) in the organization of their internal and external networks to optimize the diffusion and generation of new knowledge. Strategic asset-seeking investment has been a major driver of the internalization of innovation activities performed by MNEs abroad. This paper demonstrates the attractiveness of foreign clusters in the global innovation process of MNEs. The main assumption is that location within innovative clusters may foster the ability of firms to generate new innovations. Design/methodology/approach – This paper illustrates the theoretical developments through the example of firms located in the Basel pharmaceutical clusters which have invested in other clusters abroad. Findings – The results are based on an in-depth patent data analysis and confirm the importance of clusters in an innovation-driven industry. Originality/value – This paper focuses on the role of clusters as home and host country-specific advantages for “MNEs” in the organization of their internal and external networks to optimize the diffusion and generation of new knowledge. Strategic asset-seeking investment has been a major driver of the internalization of innovation activities performed by MNEs abroad. This paper demonstrates the attractiveness of foreign clusters in the global innovation process of MNEs. The main assumption is that location within innovative clusters may foster the ability of firms to generate new innovations. This paper illustrates the theoretical developments through the example of firms located in the Basel pharmaceutical clusters which have invested in other clusters abroad. The results are based on an in-depth patent data analysis and confirm the importance of clusters in an innovation-driven industry.

“He should so be in jail”: An Empirical Study on Preverbal So in American English

2021 ◽  
pp. 007542422097911
Author(s):  
Ulrike Stange
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
American English ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Soap Operas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Large Data Set ◽  
Verb Phrases

This paper explores the use of so-called GenX so as a modifier of verb phrases, as exemplified in “He should so be in jail” (SOAP, DAYS, 2005). Drawing on over 1350 relevant tokens retrieved from the Corpus of American Soap Operas (SOAP) (Davies 2011-, 100 million words from 2001-2012), the main purpose of the present study is to provide robust empirical evidence for various findings yielded by small-scale studies and by introspection. The results corroborate some of the previous findings, while others, particularly those based on introspection, are challenged in light of empirical (counter)evidence. The data show that preverbal so is very flexible in that it can occur in various syntactic slots and with a large number of different verbs (wide collocational range) and with different kinds of verbs (full, modal, auxiliary). In a large data set (such as that from SOAP), GenX so is even attested in questions, before auxiliaries in affirmative uses, and after the negator not. Moreover, preverbal so is expanding its functional range from intensification to emphasis.

The Determinants of Industry Political Activity, 1978–1986

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 911-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin B. Grier ◽  
Michael C. Munger ◽  
Brian E. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Political Action Committees ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Collective Action Problems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Benefit Cost

While the allocation of interest group monies to specific politicians has been extensively studied, little is known about the factors that determine of the overall level of political activity across groups. We study total contributions by corporate political action committees at the industry level. We create a large data set on industry political activity, covering 124 industries across five election cycles from 1978 to 1986 and sketch out a simple benefit-cost model to predict total corporate PAC contributions in each industry. The few previous studies of this phenomenon use relatively small samples and employ statistical techniques that are either biased or impose untested restrictions. The selectivity-corrected regression technique used here solves these problems. We find that industries with greater potential benefits from government assistance contribute systematically more but that the ability to realize these benefits is constrained by collective action problems facing firms in each industry.

IDENTIFICATION AND GENERATION OF INNOVATIVE IDEAS IN THE PROCUREMENT OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF AUDI AG

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (07) ◽  
pp. 1750053 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIX HOMFELDT ◽  
ALEXANDRA RESE ◽  
HANNO BRENNER ◽  
DANIEL BAIER ◽  
TIL FABIO SCHÄFER
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
A Company

Open innovation and the use of suppliers and start-ups as external idea sources have become increasingly important in the automotive industry. Since the purchasing function in a company has correspondingly become more strategic, scholars have taken the role of procurement in innovation more intensely into account. This study examines procurement’s role in the innovation process of the automotive industry and investigates which and how open innovation instruments are used in order to benefit from the innovation capability of suppliers and start-ups. The empirical evidence is based on an in-depth case study of the automotive manufacturer AUDI AG. Several arguments are elaborated which justify a key role for procurement in the innovation process (e.g., interface role, economic activities). Furthermore, we identified nine pull and push instruments enabling procurement to contribute to Audi’s innovation performance. Since the instruments are designed to meet different internal requirements (e.g., in relation to a vehicle project or not), interesting insights for scholars and practitioners are provided.

scholarly journals The Corrections of Codex Sinaiticus and the Textual Transmission of Revelation: Josef Schmid Revisited

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-614
Author(s):  
Peter Malik
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
Textual Transmission ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Codex Sinaiticus

The role of manuscript corrections in studying textual transmission of the New Testament has been long recognised by textual critics. And yet, the actual witness of corrections may at times be difficult to interpret. A case in point is Josef Schmid's seminal work on the text of Revelation. Following Wilhelm Bousset, Schmid argued that a particular group of corrections in Codex Sinaiticus reflected a Vorlage with a text akin to that of the Andreas text-type. By dating these corrections – unlike Bousset – to the scriptorium, Schmid utilised their witness to trace the text of Andreas back to the fourth century. Recently, Juan Hernández has shown that the corrections cited by Schmid were significantly later, hence calling his fourth-century dating of Andreas (among other things) into question. Through an analysis of the corrections cited by Schmid, supplemented by a fuller data-set of Sinaiticus’ corrections in Revelation, this study seeks to reappraise Schmid's claims concerning the textual relations of these corrections, and identify their role in the later transmission of the text of Revelation.

scholarly journals Common Macro Factors and Currency Premia

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1731-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilias Filippou ◽  
Mark P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Large Data Sets ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Carry Trade ◽  
Momentum Strategies ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
Market Factors ◽  
Mean Variance

We study the role of domestic and global factors in the payoffs of portfolios mimicking carry, dollar-carry, and momentum strategies. Using factors summarizing large data sets of macroeconomic and financial variables, we find that global equity-market factors are predictive for carry-trade returns, whereas U.S. inflation and consumption variables drive dollar-carry-trade payoffs, momentum returns are predominantly driven by U.S. inflation factors, and global factors capture the countercyclical nature of currency premia. We also find predictability in the exchange-rate component of each strategy and demonstrate strong economic value for risk-averse investors with mean-variance preferences, regardless of base currency.

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