scholarly journals Euthyroid Sick Syndrome in Canine Babesiosis Caused by Babesia Canis

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zygner ◽  
Olga Gójska-Zygner ◽  
Halina Wędrychowicz
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence

Abstract The aims of this study were estimation of thyroxin status in dogs infected with B. canis, and determination of the association between azotaemia and concentrations of total thyroxin (TT4) and free thyroxin (FT4) in canine babesiosis. Concentrations of TT4 and FT4 were determined using an immunoassay in 23 dogs infected with B. canis (nine azotaemic dogs and 14 non-azotaemic dogs). Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the concentrations of TT4 and FT4 in groups of azotaemic and non-azotaemic dogs. Correlations between azotaemic parameters (i.e. serum urea and creatinine) and TT4 and FT4 concentrations were calculated. The obtained results showed high prevalence of dogs infected with B. canis showing decreased TT4 and FT4 concentrations. No difference between concentrations of TT4 and FT4 in azotaemic and non-azotaemic dogs was demonstrated, but statistically significant correlations between the level of TT4 and FT4 and serum levels of urea and creatinine were shown.

scholarly journals Over 20 years of research on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of WULS-SGGW in Warsaw

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 606-612
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zygner ◽  
Olga Gójska-Zygner ◽  
Paweł Górski ◽  
Justyna Bartosik
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome ◽  
Veterinary Surgeons ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis

Canine babesiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by infection with protozoa of the genus Babesia. During over 20 years of studies on canine babesiosis at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences, the researchers have identified the species of the parasite and its vector in Poland, determined the cause of azotemia and observed other pathological changes, such as endocrine disorders, changes in the de Ritis quotient, as well as biochemical and hematological changes. It was shown that the tick Dermacentor reticulatus is the only vector of canine babesiosis in Poland and the disease is caused by Babesia canis (formerly known as Babesia canis canis). The first studies of pathological changes confirmed the results of previous research in other countries, in which the most prevalent changes in canine babesiosis were thrombocytopenia, anemia leucopenia, increased activity of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP), azotemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia and hypokalemia. Research on azotemia in dogs infected with B. canis showed the contribution of TNF-α overproduction to hypotension and its influence on renal ischemia, hypoxia and the development of azotemia. Moreover, in research on endocrine disorders in canine babesiosis, it was shown that IL-6 overproduction leads to the suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis resulting in euthyroid sick syndrome, and that secondary hyperaldosteronism results from decreased renal blood flow and leads to hypokalemia. The results of the research were published in 27 original papers, 6 case reports and many review articles in veterinary journals. These studies provided veterinary surgeons in Poland with improved procedures for diagnosing canine babesiosis, as well as allowed them to better understand some pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and to develop more efficacious therapies..

Alterations in some blood coagulation parameters in naturally occurring cases of canine babesiosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Rafaj ◽  
Vesna Matijatko ◽  
Ivana Kiš ◽  
Nada Kučer ◽  
Tatjana Živičnjak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Coagulation Parameters ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Babesia Canis Canis

Changes in coagulation parameters were studied in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis canis (n = 30), and haemostasis was evaluated and compared to values obtained from healthy dogs (n = 29). To date, there have not been any studies examining the dynamics of thrombin-antithrombin complex formation in cases of canine babesiosis. Coagulation parameters evaluated before (day 0) and on days 1, 2, and 3 after treatment with imidocarb (6 mg/kg inj. s.c.) included the determination of platelet counts, the formation of thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and antithrombin III (AT III) activity. TAT complexes were significantly elevated in animals with babesiosis on days 0 and 2 (mean 49.7 and 87.7 μg/L vs. control, 7.2 μg/L). AT III activity was significantly decreased at all time-points examined. There were no differences in PT. On days 2 and 3 the APTT was significantly shortened in the infected dogs when compared to control animals (means of 21.3 and 19.2 s vs. control, 30.0 s). Our analysis demonstrated that infected dogs had significant thrombocytopenia during the course of the study (mean day 0 − 29 × 10 9 /L, day 1 − 48 × 10 9 /L, day 2 − 47 × 10 9 /L and day 3 − 87 × 10 9 /L, vs. control −259 × 10 9 /L). These data suggest that babesiosis in dogs compromise primary and secondary haemostasis and that induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs in canine babesiosis.

Increased serum urea to creatinine ratio and its negative correlation with arterial pressure in canine babesiosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Zygner ◽  
Olga Gójska-Zygner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Fecal Examination ◽  
Cardiac Troponins

AbstractThe increase of the serum urea to creatinine ratio (UCR) was observed in dogs infected with Babesia canis. Previous studies have suggested that decrease of blood pressure can be one of the reasons for this phenomenon. In this work statistically significant increase of the UCR was observed in dogs with babesiosis. Comparison of the UCR between 23 azotaemic dogs and 25 non-azotaemic dogs infected with Babesia canis showed statistically significantly higher mean of the UCR in azotaemic dogs. Correlations between UCR and systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure (SAP, DAP and MAP) in 48 dogs infected with B. canis were negative (UCR and SAP: r = −0.3909; UCR and DAP: r = −0.3182; UCR and MAP: r = −0.3682) and statistically significant (p < 0.05). This result may indicate contribution of hypotension in the increase of the UCR in canine babesiosis. However, the correlations were not high, and there was no statistically significant correlation between UCR and arterial pressures in azotaemic dogs. Thus, it seems that decrease of blood pressure in dogs with babesiosis explains only partially the cause of increased UCR in infected dogs. The other authors suggested hyperureagenesis and myocardial injury as a potential reason for the increased UCR in canine babesiosis. Thus, further studies are needed to determine causes of increased UCR in dogs with babesiosis, especially on the connection between UCR changes and the concentrations of plasma cardiac troponins and ammonia, and the occurrence of occult blood on fecal examination.

scholarly journals Assessment Of Renal Function Using Canine Cystatin-C Levels In Canine Babesiosis And Ehrlichiosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEKMEZCI Didem ◽  
URAL Kerem ◽  
AYSUL Nuran ◽  
GUZEL Murat ◽  
CIFTCI Gulay
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Babesia Canis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Serum Urea ◽  
Canine Babesiosis ◽  
Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis ◽  
Group B ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to evaluate serum canine Cystatin-C (Cys-C) concentration for the prediction of renal function (RF) in dogs naturally infected with Babesia canis vogeli and Ehrlichia canis. A total of 46 dogs were enrolled into three groups. Group B included 16 dogs naturally infected with B. c. vogeli, group E 10 dogs naturally infected with E. canis [dogs diagnosed as canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME)], and group H involved 20 healthy controls (negative for B. c. vogeli and E. canis). Solely dogs presenting uncomplicated babesiosis caused by B. c. vogeli were enrolled. Serum urea and serum creatinine (Cre) levels with serum Urea:Cre ratios were analyzed. Canine serum Cys-C was determined with a species-specific commercially available and validated ELISA assay as a reference. Mean serum Cys-C levels were 5.28 mg/L, 3.02 mg/L, and 2.30 mg/L for groups B, E and H, respectively. RF in uncomplicated CB caused by B. c. vogeli seems to be affected based on serum Cys-C concentrations. To the author's knowledge, this is the first study reporting that mean serum canine Cys-C levels in dogs with CME demonstrated no elevation. Serum canine Cys-C as a novel RF marker could be used for early detection of renal injury in both babesiosis and CME.

Human Prothrombin Activation: Determination of Plasma and Serum Levels of Prothrombin Fragment 3 by Radioimmunoassay

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Walz ◽  
Thomas Brown
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clotting ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Prothrombin Activation ◽  
Theoretical Amount

Human prothrombin activation is unique in that, in addition to the release of fragment 1.2 (FI.2) from the NH-terminus of prothrombin by factor Xa during the generation of thrombin, an additional 13 residue polypeptide, fragment 3 (F3), is autocatalytically removed from the amino-terminus of the thrombin A chain. We have developed a rapid radioimmunoassay for human F3 which incorporates short incubation times and the use of a preprecipitated second antibody; the assay can be performed in three hours. Specificity studies in buffer systems show prothrombin and prethrombin 1 cross-reacting at a level of 0.001; purified thrombin does not cross-react. In the presence of 5% BSA, prothrombin displays considerably less cross-reactivity. No immunoreactive material to F3 antibodies could be detected in 400 μL of plasma. Serum, obtained from whole blood clotting, contained measurable quantities of F3 (40-100 ng/mL). This amount in serum represents only 5-10% of the theoretical amount available should all of the fragment be hydrolytically cleaved during the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. This assay procedure is currently being utilized to monitor the activation of purified human prothrombin in the absence and presence of selected plasma inhibitors. (Supported in part by NIH 05384-17 and the Michigan Heart Association).

scholarly journals Circulating bioactive sclerostin levels in an Austrian population-based cohort

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Kerschan-Schindl ◽  
Ursula Föger-Samwald ◽  
Andreas Gleiss ◽  
Stefan Kudlacek ◽  
Jacqueline Wallwitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Levels ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Robust Parameter ◽  
Austrian Population ◽  
Different Levels

Summary Background Circulating serum sclerostin levels are supposed to give a good estimation of the levels of this negative regulator of bone mass within bone. Most studies evaluating total serum sclerostin found different levels in males compared to females and in older compared to younger subjects. Besides an ELISA detecting total sclerostin an ELISA determining bioactive sclerostin has been developed. The aim of this study was to investigate serum levels of bioactive sclerostin in an Austrian population-based cohort. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional observational study in 235 healthy subjects. Using the bioactive ELISA assay (Biomedica) bioactive sclerostin levels were evaluated. Results Serum levels of bioactive sclerostin were higher in men than in women (24%). The levels correlated positively with age (r = 0.47). A positive correlation could also be detected with body mass index and bone mineral density. Conclusion Using the ELISA detecting bioactive sclerostin our results are consistent with data in the literature obtained by different sclerostin assays. The determination of sclerostin concentrations in peripheral blood thus appears to be a robust parameter of bone metabolism.

Relationship between levels of salivary cortisol with depression and suicidal ideation

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1631-1631 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. De Usabel Guzmán ◽  
M.J. Mota Rodríguez ◽  
A. Pampin Alfonso ◽  
J.B. Brenlla Gonzalez ◽  
M.J. Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Santiago De Compostela ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionSuicide is a major public health problem in most of the countries because it has a high prevalence in young people. It has been studied that high levels of cortisol are associated with depression and increase of the suicidal risk.ObjectiveTo analyze the relationship between cortisol levels in a population of university students and the questionnaire results for the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).MethodThe sample was composed by 106 students of the Nursing School of Santiago de Compostela University. The 88.7% of the sample are women with a mean age of 21.50 + /−2.52, the 99% are unmarried. The protocol consisted in 3 sections: demographic variables, BDI questionnaire with spanish scale and determination of salivary cortisol levels. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 15.ResultsThe are higher levels of salivary cortisol in students with a greater or equal score to 13 on the BDI with statistically significances differences (p = .000). Students with suicidal ideation (item 9 of the BDI) have highest rates of cortisol, with statistically significant differences (p = 0.001).ConclusionsThis study supports other researchs about the association between biological neuroendocrine markers and affective disorders. Explaining suicidal behavior could help us to prevent it by using early intervention strategies for vulnerable populations. They could also identify markers to establish the risk of suicide.

scholarly journals Serum YKL-40 Levels in Patients with Gastric Cancer

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. BIC.S7154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veyis Itik ◽  
Ozgur Kemik ◽  
Ahu Kemik ◽  
A. Cumhur Dulger ◽  
Aziz Sümer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Colorectal Cancers ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Male Patients

Aims and background YKL-40 is secreted by several types of tumors. Increased serum YKL-40 levels have been reported in prostate, glioblastoma, breast and colorectal cancers. Determination of YKL-40 levels may serve as a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum YKL-40 levels expressed in gastric carcinomas. Methods Between 2009 and 2011, we retrospectively reviewed 100 patients with gastric cancer and compared their serum samples to 75 healthy volunteers. YKL-40 levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found significantly higher serum levels of YKL-40 in patients with gastric cancer compared to the healthy population ( P < 0.0001). We also found significant differences in serum YKL-40 levels between female and male patients with gastric cancer ( P < 0.01). Conclusions YKL-40 is over-expressed in gastric cancer, suggesting a more aggressive phenotype. YKL-40 may be a useful serum biomarker for gastric cancer identification, and future studies should focus on the role of YKL-40 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer and responsiveness toward treatment.

scholarly journals Identification of the Trichinella species by PCR method

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Sasa Vasilev ◽  
Jelena Cvetkovic ◽  
Ivana Radovic ◽  
Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Trichinella Infection ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Pig Meat

Serbia is country with a high prevalence of Trichinella infection in pigs, which continues to be a serious human health problem. In Serbia, only a few isolates of Trichinella found in pork have been genetically specified to date, and all were proven as T. spiralis. New data shows that in the sylvatic cycle in Serbia, at least in the Belgrade district, more than one Trichinella species co-exist (T. spiralis and T. britovi). Increased awareness of the possible overlap among sylvatic and domestic Trichinella cycles indicates the need for continuous monitoring of Trichinella species circulation and strongly points to the need that all isolates of Trichinella found in meat for human consumption should be subject to a determination of the Trichinella species (due to the risk of transmission of infection with T. britovi to domestic pigs and humans). This is why we examined using PCR the Trichinella larvae found in pig meat that caused a human outbreak (Trichinella infection) in Grocka (Belgrade district) during February 2011. The isolated larvae belonged to T. spiralis.

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