scholarly journals Verification of regression equations for estimating pork carcass meatiness using CMG, IM-03, fat-o-meat’er ii and ultrafom 300 devices

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Lisiak ◽  
Karol Borzuta ◽  
Piotr Janiszewski ◽  
Fabian Magda ◽  
Eugenia Grześkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Manual Classification

AbstractFour manual classification devices for estimating pork carcass meat content, i.e. CGM, Fat-OMeat’er II, IM-03 and UltraFom 300 were tested. The experiment was carried out with properly selected raw material (n=141 pigs) from current deliveries for pig slaughter at the Meat Plant SKIBA S.A. in Chojnice. Pork raw material was derived from three different Polish regions and represented different types of fatness, different carcass weights (from 60 to 120 kg) and different sexes (half were gilts and half were barrows). The applied testing procedure was consistent with European Union regulations. The research resulted in the development of regression equations for estimating pork carcass meat content in Poland. These equations are of rectilinear type and use four (in the case of UltraFom 300) or two (in the case of other devices) measurements of backfat and longissimus dorsi muscle thickness located at a distance of 6 cm (CGM, IM-03) or 7 cm (Fat-OMeat’er II, UltraFom 300) from the backfat edge at the section between 3rd and 4th rib, counting ribs from the end (CGM, IM-03, Fat-O-Meat’er II) and also at the height of the last rib section (UltraFom 300). The prediction error does not exceed the termination value of 2.50% established by EU regulations and amounts to 2.16% for CGM, 2.18% for Fat-O-Meat’er II, 1.89% for IM-03 and 2.07% for UltraFom 300. New regression equations have been applied in the meat industry since 12 December 2011.

Prediction of primal cuts by using an automatic ultrasonic device as a new method for estimating a pig-carcass slaughter and commercial value

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Janiszewski ◽  
K. Borzuta ◽  
D. Lisiak ◽  
E. Grześkowiak ◽  
D. Stanisławski
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The objective of the present work was to develop regression equations to estimate the percentage, weight (in g) and lean meat content (in %) of the primal cuts of a pig carcass by using Auto-Fom and to estimate the commercial value of the carcass on the slaughter line in a meat-processing plant. The research was conducted on 168 pig carcasses. From the whole pork carcass, only the most valuable cuts (i.e. belly, ham, loin, neck and shoulder) and also meat content in ham and shoulder were weighed at a 100 g accuracy and the percentage of each cut in carcass was calculated. Loin ‘eye’ height and belly-muscle thickness were also measured. The regression equations for the prediction of the primal-cut weights and their percentages in the pig carcasses were derived using the partial least-square procedure. The developed equations include 70 variables that are standard measurements taken with an Auto-Fom device. These equations have a satisfactory accuracy rate and are useful in estimating the yield of the elements, especially for loin, ham and belly content. Belly-muscle thickness (R2 = 0.98) and the percentage of meat in the ham (R2 = 0.93) can be estimated with a high precision. It was confirmed that the developed equations may be used in the current Auto-Fom software.

scholarly journals LEAN MEAT CONTENT OF PIG’S CARCASSES IN THE EIGHT SLAUGHTERHOUSES IN THE REGION OF VOJVODINA, SERBIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Radović ◽  
Miroslava Polovinski-Horvatović ◽  
Mile Mirkov ◽  
Savo Malešević
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The end product of the pig production is carcass. Lean meat content is a measure of the quality of the carcass. Serbia is one of only a few countries in Europe which has not yet adopted the practice of pig’s carcasses classification and failed to regulate this issue through legislation. The purpose of this work was to measure lean meat content in carcasses probed in several slaughterhouses in the Province of Vojvodina (northern Serbia) and to classify them according to the SEUROP classification. In total it was classified 65764 pig carcasses in eight different slaughterhouses. The lean mean content was measured on the slaughter line 45 minutes post mortem with the one-point puncture model. The measurement was carried out with the optoelectronic probe for the classification of pig carcasses CLASSPRO GmbH (Germany). The percentage of meat in the carcass was calculated using the mathematical model. In all eight slaughterhouses in which the measurements were done there was no poor quality (P class) pig carcass. The majority of carcasses were in the class E-excellent (35545 carcasses or 54.05% in total) and U-very good (25864 carcasses or 39.33% in total). However, a very small number of the carcasses were in the superior class with more than 60% of lean meat content, only 2072 carcases or 3.15% in total. Any future effort which the government would put in the implementation of the system of pricing of pigs based on the carcass characteristics would have enormous effect on the pig production in general. The pig producers would have the reason to invest in better farm management, selection in effort to improve the quality of the end products-pigs. In addition, the meat industry would certainly have benefits by having a higher quality raw material for further processing.

scholarly journals Lean meat content of pig carcasses in the eight slaughterhouses in the region of Vojvodina, Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Ivan Radović ◽  
Miroslava Polovinski-Horvatović ◽  
Mile Mirkov ◽  
Savo Malešević
Keyword(s):  
Poor Quality ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Pig Production ◽  
Meat Content ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Pig Carcasses

The end product of the pig production is carcass. Lean meat content is a measure of the quality of the carcass. Serbia is one of only a few countries in Europe which has not yet adopted the practice of pig's carcasses classification and failed to regulate this issue through legislation. The purpose of this work was to measure lean meat content in carcasses probed in several slaughterhouses in the Province of Vojvodina (northern Serbia) and to classify them according to the SEUROP classification. In total it was classified 65764 pig carcasses in eight different slaughterhouses. The lean mean content was measured on the slaughter line 45 minutes post mortem with the one-point puncture model. The measurement was carried out with the optoelectronic probe for the classification of pig carcasses CLASSPRO GmbH (Germany). The percentage of meat in the carcass was calculated using the mathematical model. In all eight slaughterhouses in which the measurements were done there was no poor quality (P class) pig carcass. The majority of carcasses were in the class E-excellent (35545 carcasses or 54.05% in total) and U-very good (25864 carcasses or 39.33% in total). However, a very small number of the carcasses were in the superior class with more than 60% of lean meat content, only 2072 carcasses or 3.15% in total. Any future effort which the government would put in the implementation of the system of pricing of pigs based on the carcass characteristics would have enormous effect on the pig production in general. The pig producers would have the reason to invest in better farm management, selection in effort to improve the quality of the end products-pigs. In addition, the meat industry would certainly have benefits by having a higher quality raw material for further processing.

scholarly journals Sodium Metasilicate Cemented Analogue Material and Its Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songlin Yue ◽  
Yanyu Qiu ◽  
Pengxian Fan ◽  
Pin Zhang ◽  
Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Sodium Metasilicate ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Deformation And Failure ◽  
Orthogonal Experiments ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Relationship

Analogue material with appropriate properties is of great importance to the reliability of geomechanical model test, which is one of the mostly used approaches in field of geotechnical research. In this paper, a new type of analogue material is developed, which is composed of coarse aggregate (quartz sand and/or barite sand), fine aggregate (barite powder), and cementitious material (anhydrous sodium silicate). The components of each raw material are the key influencing factors, which significantly affect the physical and mechanical parameters of analogue materials. In order to establish the relationship between parameters and factors, the material properties including density, Young’s modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, and tensile strength were investigated by a series of orthogonal experiments with hundreds of samples. By orthogonal regression analysis, the regression equations of each parameter were obtained based on experimental data, which can predict the properties of the developed analogue materials according to proportions. The experiments and applications indicate that sodium metasilicate cemented analogue material is a type of low-strength and low-modulus material with designable density, which is insensitive to humidity and temperature and satisfies mechanical scaling criteria for weak rock or soft geological materials. Moreover, the developed material can be easily cast into structures with complex geometry shapes and simulate the deformation and failure processes of prototype rocks.

scholarly journals Does Every Calculation Formula Fit for All Types of Intraocular Lenses? Optimization of Constants for Tecnis ZA9003 and ZCB00 Is Necessary

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Ivajlo Popov ◽  
Veronika Popova ◽  
Juraj Sekac ◽  
Vladimir Krasnik
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Error ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Intraocular Lenses ◽  
Power Calculation ◽  
Universal Formula ◽  
Aspheric Iol ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Mean Prediction Error

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the performance of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using power calculation formulas on different types of IOL. Materials and Methods: 120 eyes and four IOL types (BioLine Yellow Accurate Aspheric IOL (i-Medical), TECNIS ZCB00, TECNIS ZA9003 (Johnson & Johnson) (3-piece IOL) and Softec HD (Lenstec)) were analyzed. The performance of Haigis, Barret Universal II and SKR-II formulas were compared between IOL types. The mean prediction error (ME) and mean absolute prediction error (MAE) were analyzed. Results: The overall percentage of eyes predicted within ±0.25 diopters (D) was 40.8% for Barret; 39.2% Haigis and 31.7% for SRK-II. Barret and Haigis had a significantly lower MAE than SRK-II (p < 0.05). The results differed among IOL types. The largest portion of eyes predicted within ±0.25 D was with the Barret formula in ZCB00 (33.3%) and ZA9003 (43.3%). Haigis was the most accurate in Softec HD (50%) and SRK-II in Biolline Yellow IOL (50%). ZCB00 showed a clinically significant hypermetropic ME compared to other IOLs. Conclusions: In general, Barret formulas had the best performance as a universal formula. However, the formula should be chosen according to the type of IOL in order to obtain the best results. Constant optimizations are necessary for the Tecnis IOL ZCB00 and ZA9003, as all of the analyzed formulas achieved a clinically significant poor performance in this type of IOL. ZCB00 also showed a hypermetropic shift in ME in all the formulas.

Comparative Analysis of the Proteomic Profile of Cattle Hides that Produce Loose and Tight Leather using In-Gel Tryptic Digestion followed by LC-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (11) ◽  
pp. 399-408
Author(s):  
Catherine Maidment ◽  
Meekyung Ahn ◽  
Rafea Naffa ◽  
Trevor Loo ◽  
Gillian Norris
Keyword(s):  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Type I ◽  
Collagen Structure ◽  
Proteomic Profile ◽  
Collagen Network ◽  
Collagen Concentration ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
First Time

Looseness is a defect found in leather that reduces its quality by causing a wrinkly appearance in the finished product, resulting in a reduction in its value. Earlier studies on loose leather using microscopy and Raman spectroscopy reported a change in the collagen structure of loose leather. In this study, proteomics was used to investigate the possible molecular causes of looseness in the raw material, the first time such a study has been carried out. Proteins extracted from two regions of raw hide using two different methods were analysed; those taken from the distal axilla, an area prone to looseness, and those taken from the backbone which is less prone to looseness. Analyses using 1DE-LC-MS/MS showed that although the overall collagen concentration was similar in both areas of the hide, the distribution of the different types of collagen differed.  Specifically, concentrations of type I collagen, and the collagen-associated proteoglycan decorin were lower in samples taken from the distal axilla, symptomatic of a collagen network with excess space seen for these samples using confocal microscopy. This study suggests a possible link between the molecular components of raw cattle hide and looseness and more importantly between the molecular components of skin and skin defects. There is therefore potential to develop biomarkers for looseness which will enable early preventative action.

scholarly journals Potential of the biodegradability and characteristics of bio-plastic from microalgae residues

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
◽  
D.N. Roma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The University

Petroleum-based plastic has been widely used in many industries. However, it takes hundreds of years to degrade and causes widespread pollution to our environment. These problems led to the invention of bioplastics, which were comprised of natural biopolymers made from starch. The production of bioplastics from food-based starches such as tapioca and corn created competition between food and bioplastic production industries. Hence, this research study focuses on producing bioplastic from microalgae residue, which is a non-food based raw material that uses four different types of plasticizers: glycerol, sorbitol, glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microalgae species for identification were obtained from the fish pond at the University Malaysia of Kelantan, before cultivating the species for 14 days. The microalgae residues were extracted through the centrifugation process. Three species were identified under the light microscope, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Monoraphidium sp. The production of bioplastic involved a manual stirring method using a hotplate magnetic stirrer, followed by drying the bioplastic in an oven at 60 oC. Results obtained showed that sorbitol and glycerol from microalgae are suitable to be used as a plasticizer for the production of bioplastic, however glutaraldehyde and PEG are not suitable. Bioplastics that used PEG and glutaraldehyde became cracked and brittle after the drying process. The characterization of bioplastics includes universal tensile testing machines, Fourier-transform infrared analysis and biodegradability tests being processed//undertaken on glycerol-based and sorbitol based bioplastic. Characterization of bioplastics proved that both glycerol and sorbitol have high potential for applications in daily human life. Bioplastics which used sorbitol as a plasticizer could be used in can be applied the production of plastic goods such as toys and household items due to its good resistance toward stress and minimal flexibility. Meanwhile bioplastics which used glycerol as a plasticizer could be applied to the production of plastic bags and plastic food wrap due to its elastic and flexible nature.

scholarly journals Main parameters influencing the plastic behavior of clays used for traditional ceramics production

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hicham El Boudour El Idrissi
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Traditional Ceramics ◽  
Clayey Materials ◽  
Clay Mineral Composition

This paper investigates the main parameters influencing the plastic behavior of clays used for traditional ceramics production. For this, twenty-six clayey pastes were selected from twelve traditional ceramic plants around the city of Marrakech (Morocco). According to the lithology, six different types of materials are used as raw material in the ceramic industry of this region. Emphasis is placed on the impact of the characteristics of these clayey materials upon the plastic behavior of these clays. The pastes were characterized through their consistency using the Atterberg limits. It has been concluded that the gain size, the mineralogical and the clay mineral composition and content, the effect of diagenesis and the presence of talc-pyrophyllite association play the most important role in the control of the plasticity behavior.

scholarly journals HPLC study of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa raw material

Pharmacia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Dhurgham Khalid Abed Sarray ◽  
Liliia M. Horiacha ◽  
Iryna O. Zhuravel ◽  
Andrii I. Fedosov
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Hplc Study

Mirabilis jalapa is a popular decorative plant valued for its beautiful multicolored flowers. Folk medicine in various countries applies Mirabilis jalapa as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, spasmolytic drug. Chemical composition of different types of Mirabilis jalapa has not yet been adequately studied which is an obstacle for its application in medicine. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of phenolic compounds were studied by the HPLC method. The performed experiment revealed presence of hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, isoflavonoids and coumarins in tested herb. The content of phenolic compounds was the highest in Mirabilis jalapa flowers, counting as much as 2977.41 ± 59.55 µg/mg. Total content of phenolic compounds in Mirabilis jalapa herb was 304.25 ± 6.08 µg/mg, in fruits – 67.92 ± 1.36 µg/mg, and in roots – 12.44 ± 0.25 µg/mg. Quantitatively neochlorogenic acid dominated in flowers, chlorogenic acid in fruits, whereas Mirabilis jalapa herb mostly contained rutin and hyperoside. The obtained results will be useful in the development of quality control methods for Mirabilis jalapa herb and manufacture of drug preparations on its basis.

The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
O. P. Deryugina ◽  
E. A. Trapeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Main Pipelines ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Mixed Oil

The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

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