scholarly journals The Influence of Cloudiness and Synoptic Situations on the Solar Radiation Balance in the Area of Kaffiøyra (Nw Spitsbergen) in the Summer Seasons 2010 and 2011

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kejna ◽  
Rajmund Przybylak ◽  
Andrzej Araźny
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Substantial Influence ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
The Individual

Abstract This article describes the influence of cloudiness and synoptic situations on individual components of the radiation balance such as: global solar radiation; surface-reflected radiation; longwave terrestrial and atmospheric radiation, and the long- and shortwave balance of two types of ground cover typical to Spitsbergen (the Kaffiøyra region), i.e. morainal and glacial. The research was carried out in the summer seasons of 2010 and 2011, using a Kipp & Zonen CNR4 net radiometer. A substantial influence of the presence of clouds on the individual components of the radiation balance was observed. The type of air masses related to specific synoptic situations was also found to affect the incoming and outgoing solar radiation, as well as its losses.

scholarly journals Radiation balance of coffee hedgerows

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz R. Angelocci ◽  
Fábio R. Marin ◽  
Felipe G. Pilau ◽  
Evandro Z. Righi ◽  
José L. Favarin
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Energy Exchanges ◽  
Good Agreement

The radiation balance of hedgerows is an important variable in studies of mass and energy exchanges between parcial ground cover crops and the atmosphere. This paper describes a device with eight net radiometers encompassing the plants of a hedgerow. The radiometers were moved along a length of hedgerow, in a continuous and reversible movement. The canopy net radiation in this length (Rnc) was found by integration of the measurements over the notional cylinder formed. The device showed good performance and provided reliable measurements of Rnc of coffee hedgerows, showing itselfto be an useful technique of measurement in field conditions. Good correlations between Rnc and global solar radiation, turfgrass and coffee crop net radiation were found in 15-min, daytime and 24-hr periods, allowing the possibility of estimating Rnc from these simple measurements. Beer’s law was also used to have an independent estimation of Rnc. A good agreement was found between values of Rnc estimated by this law of attenuation and those integrated by the device in periods of 15 min, with overestimation of 10%, whereas for values integrated over daytime periods the agreement was not satisfactory.

scholarly journals The influence of cloudiness and atmospheric circulation on radiation balance and its components

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kejna ◽  
Joanna Uscka-Kowalkowska ◽  
Paweł Kejna
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Diurnal Course

AbstractThe article contains an analysis of the influence of cloudiness and atmospheric circulation on the components of radiation balance (Q*) using the example of measurements taken in an extra-urban area of Koniczynka near Toruń (Central Poland) in the years 2011–2018. The average annual value of Q* was 1,818.5 MJ·m−2 with a maximum of 352.3 MJ·m−2 in June, and negative values from November to January (December: −27.4 MJ·m−2). The shortwave radiation balance (S*) amounted to 3,129.2 MJ·m−2 and the longwave radiation balance (L*) was ˗1,310.7 MJ·m−2. In June the average solar irradiance (S↓) at midday was 600 W·m−2. The natural annual and diurnal course of Q* components, determined by astronomical factors, is disturbed by changes in cloudiness and inflow of various air masses. It has been found that an increase in cloudiness causes the amount of incoming solar radiation (S↓) to fall, thus decreasing the S* balance. Moreover, clouds restrict longwave radiation balance (L*), in particular, downward atmospheric radiation (L↓) increases. The opposite relationships of S* and L* affect Q* in individual months. The components of Q* are influenced by atmospheric circulation; it has been observed that anticyclonic types, characterised by smaller cloud amounts, favour a greater influx of (S↓) and—at the same time—greater emittance (L↑); however, Q* is then greater than in the case of cyclonic circulation. A statistically significant trend of Q* and its components has not been ascertained. A notable great year-on-year variability of Q*, ranging from 1,640.4 MJ·m−2 (in 2011) to 2,081.6 MJ·m−2 (in 2018), affects the environment. The changes are related to the cloudiness and the frequency of occurrence of different atmospheric circulation types. The role of snow cover is also important as snow reflects solar radiation which leads to the decrease of S* and—as a result—to a negative value of Q* in winter.

scholarly journals Relations between erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column and aerosol optical depth at Uccle, Belgium

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 12251-12270 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. De Bock ◽  
H. De Backer ◽  
R. Van Malderen ◽  
A. Mangold ◽  
A. Delcloo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract. At Uccle, Belgium, a long time series (1991–2013) of simultaneous measurements of erythemal ultraviolet (UV) dose (Sery), global solar radiation (Sg), total ozone column (Q_{O3}$) and aerosol optical depth (τaer) (at 320.1 nm) is available, which allows for an extensive study of the changes in the variables over time. Linear trends were determined for the different monthly anomalies time series. Sery, Sg and QO3 all increase by respectively 7, 4 and 3% per decade. τaer shows an insignificant negative trend of −8% per decade. These trends agree with results found in the literature for sites with comparable latitudes. A change-point analysis, which determines whether there is a significant change in the mean of the time series, is applied to the monthly anomalies time series of the variables. Only for Sery and QO3, was a significant change point present in the time series around February 1998 and March 1998, respectively. The change point in QO3 corresponds with results found in the literature, where the change in ozone levels around 1997 is attributed to the recovery of ozone. A multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is applied to the data in order to study the influence of Sg, QO3 and τaer on Sery. Together these parameters are able to explain 94% of the variation in Sery. Most of the variation (56%) in Sery is explained by Sg. The regression model performs well, with a slight tendency to underestimate the measured Sery values and with a mean absolute bias error (MABE) of 18%. However, in winter, negative Sery are modeled. Applying the MLR to the individual seasons solves this issue. The seasonal models have an adjusted R2 value higher than 0.8 and the correlation between modeled and measured Sery values is higher than 0.9 for each season. The summer model gives the best performance, with an absolute mean error of only 6%. However, the seasonal regression models do not always represent reality, where an increase in Sery is accompanied with an increase in QO3 and a decrease in τaer. In all seasonal models, Sg is the factor that contributes the most to the variation in Sery, so there is no doubt about the necessity to include this factor in the regression models. The individual contribution of τaer to Sery is very low, and for this reason it seems unnecessary to include τaer in the MLR analysis. Including QO3, however, is justified to increase the adjusted R2 and to decrease the MABE of the model.

scholarly journals Structure of radiation balance in diverse types of relief

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Caputa ◽  
Jakub Wojkowski
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Small Area ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radiation Conditions

Abstract Structure of radiation balance in diverse types of relief. The article presents the results of research on the structure of radiation balance in the full spectrum in diverse types of relief. The study was carried out on the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland). The varying terrain, its forms, expositions and slopes, large denivelations, and the varying land cover and land use make this small area very diverse as far as radiation conditions are concerned. On the basis of an actinometrical study the structure of radiation balance was assessed in two distinct morphologic terrain forms: the bottom of the valley and the plateau. It was proved that the global solar radiation (K↓) reaching the bottom of the valley in one year was on average 15% lower than the solar energy reaching the plateau. The all wave radiation balance (Q*) at the bottom of the valley was 16% less than on the plateau. The result of complex radiation conditions in the diversified relief was the occurrence of a mosaic of plant groups with distinct requirements.

scholarly journals Validation study of an overall radiation balance estimation method under Ponta Grossa (PR) Brazil weather conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-472
Author(s):  
Gustavo C. Beruski ◽  
André B. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
State University ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Natural Processes

Radiation balance is the fraction of incident solar radiation upon earth surface which is available to be used in several natural processes, such as biological metabolism, water loss by vegetated surfaces, variation of temperature in farming systems and organic decomposition. The present study aimed to assess and validate the performance of two estimation models for Rn in Ponta Grossa city, Paraná State, Brazil. To this end, during the period of 04/01/2008 to 04/30/2011, from radiometric data collected by an automatic weather station set at the Experimental Station, of the State University of Ponta Grossa. We performed a linear regression study by confrontation between measurements made through radiometric balance and Rn estimates obtained from Brunt classical method, and the proposed method. Both models showed excellent performance and were confirmed by the statistical parameters applied. However, the alternative method has the advantage of requiring only global solar radiation values, temperature, and relative humidity.

scholarly journals Relations between erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column and aerosol optical depth at Uccle, Belgium

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 16529-16589
Author(s):  
V. De Bock ◽  
H. De Backer ◽  
R. Van Malderen ◽  
A. Mangold ◽  
A. Delcloo
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Ozone Column

Abstract. At Uccle, a long time series (1991–2013) of simultaneous measurements of erythemal ultraviolet (UV) dose, global solar radiation, total ozone column (TOC) and Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) (at 320.1 nm) is available which allows for an extensive study of the changes in the variables over time. A change-point analysis, which determines whether there is a significant change in the mean of the time series, is applied to the monthly anomalies time series of the variables. Only for erythemal UV dose and TOC, a significant change point (without any known instrumental cause) was present in the time series around February 1998 and March 1998 respectively. The change point in TOC corresponds with results found in literature, where the change in ozone levels (around 1997) is attributed to the recovery of ozone. Linear trends were determined for the different (monthly anomalies) time series. Erythemal UV dose, global solar radiation and TOC all increase with respectively 7, 4 and 3% per decade. AOD shows an (insignificant) negative trend of −8% per decade. These trends agree with results found in literature for sites with comparable latitudes. A multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is applied to the data in order to study the influence of global solar radiation, TOC and AOD on the erythemal UV dose. Together these parameters are able to explain 94% of the variation in erythemal UV dose. Most of the variation (56%) in erythemal UV dose is explained by global solar radiation. The regression model performs well with a slight tendency to underestimate the measured erythemal UV doses and with a Mean Absolute Bias Error (MABE) of 18%. However, in winter, negative erythemal UV dose values are modeled. Applying the MLR to the individual seasons solves this issue. The seasonal models have an adjusted R2 value higher than 0.8 and the correlation between modeled and measured erythemal UV dose values is higher than 0.9 for each season. The summer model gives the best performance, with an absolute mean error of only 6%. Again, global solar radiation is the factor that contributes the most to the variation in erythemal UV dose, so there is no doubt about the necessity to include this factor in the regression models. A large part of the influence of AOD is already represented by the global solar radiation parameter. Therefore the individual contribution of AOD to erythemal UV dose is so low. For this reason, it seems unnecessary to include AOD in the MLR analysis. Including TOC however, is justified as the adjusted R2 increases and the MABE of the model decreases compared to a model where only global solar radiation is used as explanatory variable.

scholarly journals Solar radiation variability at Koniczynka near Toruń (Central Poland) in the years 2003–2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Kejna ◽  
Joanna Uscka-Kowalkowska
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Optical Characteristics ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Diurnal Course ◽  
Solar Noon ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The paper presents the variability of global solar radiation (K↓) in the agriculture area (Koniczynka near Toruń) in the years 2003–2016. The variability of K↓ has been analysed with reference to atmospheric circulation. The mean yearly sum of K↓ in the analysed period was 3,816.0 MJ·m−2. In an annual course the highest mean values of K↓ occurred in June (608.3 MJ·m−2) and the smallest in December (69.0 MJ·m−2). The diurnal course of K↓ was symmetrical with respect to the solar noon. Only 44.7% of the solar energy on the top of atmosphere reaches the ground. The highest transmittance occurred in spring and summer, and the lowest in December. The observations revealed an increase in the amount of K↓ (trend 13.6 MJ·m−2·year−1) and its considerable day-to-day and year-to-year variability. Its increase has been attributed to reduced emissions of aerosols in Poland and Europe (global brightening). The changes of K↓ depend on atmospheric circulation (cyclonic and anticyclonic situations), cloudiness and the optical characteristics of incoming air masses.

scholarly journals Solar Radiation in the Arctic during the Early Twentieth-Century Warming (1921–50): Presenting a Compilation of Newly Available Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
R. Przybylak ◽  
P. N. Svyashchennikov ◽  
J. Uscka-Kowalkowska ◽  
P. Wyszyński
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Total Solar Irradiance ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

AbstractThe early twentieth-century warming (ETCW), defined as occurring within the period 1921–50, saw a clear increase in actinometric observations in the Arctic. Nevertheless, information on radiation balance and its components at that time is still very limited in availability, and therefore large discrepancies exist among estimates of total solar irradiance forcing. To eliminate these uncertainties, all available solar radiation data for the Arctic need to be collected and processed. Better knowledge about incoming solar radiation (direct, diffuse, and global) should allow for more reliable estimation of the magnitude of total solar irradiance forcing, which can help, in turn, to more precisely and correctly explain the reasons for the ETCW in the Arctic. The paper summarizes our research into the availability of solar radiation data for the Arctic. An important part of this work is its detailed inventory of data series (including metadata) for the period before the mid-twentieth century. Based on the most reliable data series, general solar conditions in the Arctic during the ETCW are described. The character of solar radiation changes between the ETCW and present times, in particular after 2000, is also analyzed. Average annual global solar radiation in the Russian Arctic during the ETCW was slightly greater than in the period 1964–90 (by about 1–2 W·m−2) and was markedly greater than in the period 2001–19 (by about 16 W·m−2). Our results also reveal that in the period 1920–2019 three phases of solar radiation changes can be distinguished: a brightening phase (1921–50), a stabilization phase (1951–93), and a dimming phase (after 2000).

scholarly journals Uwarunkowania cyrkulacyjne ilości całkowitego promieniowania słonecznego docierającego do powierzchni ziemi w Polsce w latach 1986–2015 = Atmospheric circulation determinants of the amount of global solar radiation reaching the land surface in Poland in the years 1986–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-359
Author(s):  
Kinga Kulesza
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Radiant Energy ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Circulation Type ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Anticyclonic Circulation ◽  
Circulation Types

Solar radiation is a key element of the Earth’s climate system and one of the most important variables in the energy balance of the active surface. The inflow of radiant energy to the Earth’s surface depends on the movement (circulation) of the atmosphere and on the associated changes in the amount of aerosols contained in the atmosphere as well as on cloudiness changes (which reduce the inflow of radiation to the Earth’s surface through reflection, dispersion and absorption processes). In that context, the work detailed in this paper had as its main aim a determination of the influence of atmospheric circulation on the amount of global solar radiation reaching the land surface in Poland. The research was based on source material from 1986–2015, originating from meteorological reanalyses and satellite products. Global solar radiation was analysed based on data from CM SAF satellite products, while atmospheric circulation types were designated with the use of modified version of the Lityński’s classification. Mean daily sums of radiation during individual circulation types, during A, 0, C macrotypes and on days with advection from particular directions were presented. Also the spatial distribution of radiation over the area of Poland during individual circulation types was shown. In the analyses special attention was paid to days with extremely large sums of solar radiation (above the 0.95 percentile). The largest daily sums of solar radiation are connected with anticyclonic circulation types, and the smallest ones – with cyclonic types. The largest mean daily sum of solar radiation occurs during south-western anticyclonic circulation, which is related to the significantly expanded Azores High. The smallest daily sums of solar radiation occur during cyclonic types, with advection of air masses from the north and east – in spring during NWC type, in autumn during EC type, in summer and winter during NEC type. The spatial distribution of solar radiation daily sums over the territory of Poland also depends on the circulation type. For most of the year, the circulation types with the northern and eastern components (N-NE-E) are associated with the reduction of the amount of solar radiation from north to south, while the inflow of air masses from the S-SW-W directions favours the reduction of radiation from south to north. Extremely large sums of solar radiation occur most probably during anticyclonic types with advection of air masses from SW, S and SE, and during the advectionless circulation 0A (conditional probability 0.13, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.10 respectively). The paper also demonstrates that the circulation type (i.e. prevailing pressure system) has a greater influence on daily sums of global solar radiation over Poland than the direction of air masses advection. The research results show that atmospheric circulation plays a significant role in determining the amount of solar radiation reaching the land surface in Poland.

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