scholarly journals Studi Pendahuluan Bentuk Simbol Penyatuan dalam Tradisi India Kuno yang Ditemukan di Indonesia

AMERTA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128
Author(s):  
Harriyadi Harriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Ancient India ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Preliminary Study

Abstract. Preliminary Study Of Unification Symbols Form From Ancient India Tradition Found In Indonesia. Humans and symbols have a bond that cannot be separated from each other because they always appear in a community group. During the Hindu-Buddhist period in Indonesia, various signs related to religion appeared. One of the religious practices that developed is the worship of the union of life. This study aims to identify the form of symbols and the meaning of the worship of the unification of life for the Hindu-Buddhist period. This study was conducted by collecting data on the worship of the union of life from various secondary sources in research reports, journals, and articles. Data collection is also focused on finding data on artifacts in Indonesia associated with symbols of the unification of life. The data collection results between mythology in India and artifacts in Indonesia are then synthesized to obtain a form of embodiment of the unification of life during the Hindu-Buddhist period in Indonesia. The study results show that the concept of the unification of life is symbolized in the linga-yoni, mudrā bodhyagrimudrā, and shatkona. Depictions of the yoni phallus and shatkona can be found in Indonesia. In Buddhism in Indonesia, the concept of the unification of life is symbolized in the mudrā bodhyagrimudrā found in the Mahavairocana Buddha statue. The gesture of the bodhyagrimudrā hand is a representation of the union of males and females. The depiction of the unification of life is more aimed at fulfilling religious needs, namely to achieve release (moksha) in Hinduism and achieve nirvana in Buddhism.   Abstrak. Manusia dan simbol memiliki ikatan yang tidak dapat dipisahkan satu sama lain karena selalu muncul dalam suatu kelompok masyarakat. Pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia  muncul berbagai simbol yang berkaitan dengan religi. Salah satu praktik religi yang berkembang adalah pemujaan penyatuan kehidupan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk simbol dan makna pemujaan penyatuan kehidupan bagi masyarakat pada masa Hindu-Buddha. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data mengenai pemujaan terhadap penyatuan kehidupan dari berbagai sumber sekunder berupa laporan penelitian, jurnal, dan artikel. Pengumpulan data juga difokuskan untuk mencari data objek artefak di Indonesia yang berhubungan dengan simbol penyatuan kehidupan. Hasil dari pengumpulan data antara mitologi di India dan artefak di Indonesia kemudian disintesiskan untuk mendapatkan bentuk perwujudan penyatuan kehidupan pada masa Hindu-Buddha di Indonesia. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa konsep penyatuan kehidupan disimbolkan dalam lingga-yoni, mudrā bodhyagrimudrā, dan shatkona. Penggambaran lingga yoni dan shatkona dapat ditemukan di Indonesia. Dalam agama Buddha di Indonesia konsep penyatuan kehidupan disimbolkan dalam mudrā bodhyagrimudrā yang dijumpai pada arca Buddha Mahavairocana. Sikap tangan bodhyagrimudrā merupakan representasi penyatuan laki-laki dan perempuan. Penggambaran penyatuan kehidupan lebih ditujukan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan religi, yaitu mencapai pelepasan (moksha) dalam agama Hindu dan mencapai nirwana dalam agama Buddha.

scholarly journals Identity and the itinerant online learner

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Koole
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Online Learners ◽  
Online Learning Environments ◽  
Online Instructors ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Identity Model ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Master Of Education

<p>This paper outlines a preliminary study of the kinds of strategies that master students draw upon for interpreting and enacting their identities in online learning environments. Based primarily on the seminal works of Goffman (1959) and Foucault (1988), the Web of Identity Model (Koole, 2009; Koole and Parchoma, 2012) is used as an underlying theoretical framework for this research study. The WoI model suggests that there are five major categories of “dramaturgical” strategies: technical, political, structural, cultural, and personal-agential. In the data collection, five online master of education students participated in semi-structured, online interviews. Phenomenography guided the data collection and analysis resulting in an outcome space for each strategy of the WoI model. The study results indicate that online learners actively employ a variety of strategies in interpreting and enacting their identities. The outcome spaces provide insights into ways in which online learners can manage their identity performances and strategies for ontological re-alignment (reconceptualization of oneself). Further study has the potential to elucidate how learning designers and online instructors might facilitate such identity-work in order to shape productive online environments.</p>

The Prevalence of Missing Data in Survey Research

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Mohd Dodeen
Keyword(s):  
Missing Data ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Missing Information ◽  
Initial Sample ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Representative Samples

The credibility of surveys relies significantly on the completeness of the data collected from representative samples. Missing data is a serious problem in survey research. The existence of variables with missing information negatively affects the research results and findings. This study examines the prevalence of missing data in surveys, and additionally compares its incidence between genders. A total of 119 relevant surveys from different countries represented the sample of this study. Results indicated that, on average, 38% of data was lost in the surveys analyzed. Males and females were very similar with respect to the extent of missing data, with an average of 37% and 38% respectively. Overall, results show that only 62% of the initial sample size was available at the end of the data collection stage.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SCRIPT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA INDONESIA PADA MATERI MENYIMAK CERITA SISWA KELAS VI SD NEGERI 020 TEMBILAHAN HILIR

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Salamiah Salamiah
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

The learning of listening to the story of the child has been given to the students of grade VI of SD Negeri 020Tembilahan Hilir. However, the existing picture shows that classically, the result only reaches an average of20% or is not satisfactory based on preliminary tests. This research is a classroom action research conducted byclass VI SD Negeri 020 Tembilahan Hilir with subject 20 people. Data collection techniques through tests andobservations. Then the analysis technique is done descriptively. The result of the research concludes that thestudents' learning achievement has increased. This is seen in the preliminary study of 20%, or only 4 studentsout of 20 students completed, in the first cycle increased to 50% because of 20 students 10 students, and in thesecond cycle increased by 85% of 20 students 17 students.

scholarly journals Organizational Structure and Financial Resource Management of Universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 206-212
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Financial Resource ◽  
State University ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
University Finance

Organizational structure refers to the established pattern of relationship among the parts of an organization. Financial management is directly concerned with finance of any organization. For achieving the organizational goals of a university finance is an integral part of management which depends on great deals of institutional policies. The sample of this study comprises of two universities i.e. Gauhati University as state university and Tezpur University as central university. Secondary sources were used as tools for data collection. The result derived indicated that there was a difference between state and central university regarding organizational structure and financial resource management.

scholarly journals Nehemiah Fundraising Strategy: A Model for the Ghanaian Church

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
Iddrissu A. Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Religious Practices ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Fundraising Strategies ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
The Church

Even though fundraising has been part of the religious practices of the Church since its inception, its development over the centuries has led to the adoption of several fundraising strategies, which has led to overdependence on the congregation as the main source of funding. This situation has created fatigue in giving among a section of the congregation and its attendant complaints. Consequently, calls have been made for the Church in Ghana to wean itself from the traditional sources of generating funds and look for alternative sources of funding its activities. It is against this backdrop that this paper provides an alternative mean that the Church can use to wean itself from the traditional system of generating funds and thus be receptive to a more sustainable system of funds generation, which is the Nehemiah fundraising model. This research was done through primary and secondary sources and it became known that the adoption of Nehemiah’s fundraising model must be guided by certain principles. The application of Nehemiah’s model would aid the Church not only generate funds to meet its ever-increasing demands, but it would also reduce, to some extent, the Church’s dependence syndrome on the traditional system. Keywords: Fundraising, Model, Traditional Fundraising system, Church and Strategies

scholarly journals Ekoteologitani untuk Kedaulatan Pangan Etos Islam dan Spirit Bertani pada Masyarakat Desa Srimartani, Kecamatan Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Moh. Soehadha
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Study Results ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Special Region

This article presents the results of an explorative research that examined the concept of agrarian ecotheology. This issue was raised with the assumption that Islamic teachings can be a part in the restrengthening of agrarian culture i.e. to take part in enhancing food sovereignty and security in Indonesia. This study is established on the perspective of anthropological ecology. The data source for this article is results of research that has been conducted at the Srimartani Village, Piyungan District, Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region Province. Data collection was conducted by using various techniques such as participant observation, focused group discussion (FGD) and interviews through questionnaires. The data collected from the field research was then analyzed using a descriptive-interpretative method.The study results show that Islamic teachings could be employed in restrengthening the agrarian culture, that is as a means to enhance food sovereignty and security. This study also provides critical contribution to the perspective of contemporary Islamic ecotheology so that it does not tend to be anthropocentric, thus becoming exploitative in nature. A new construction of Islamic ecotheology, which accommodates the view that humans, as farmers as well, have a proportional position within their environment, needs to be developed.

scholarly journals The Electrical Activity of the Orbicularis Oris Muscle in Children with Down Syndrome—A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 5611
Author(s):  
Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld ◽  
Magdalena Sycińska-Dziarnowska ◽  
Krzysztof Woźniak ◽  
Monika Machoy ◽  
Sławomir Wilczyński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Electrical Potentials ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Muscular Effort

The aim of this study was to assess the electrical activity of the superior (SOO) and inferior (IOO) orbicularis oris muscles in children with Down syndrome (DS) and in children without DS. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 subjects were eligible to participate in the later stages of the research—15 subjects with DS (mean age 10.1 ± 1.1) and 15 healthy controls (mean age 9.8 ± 1.0). The electrical potentials of the SOO and IOO muscles were recorded using a DAB-Bluetooth electromyography machine (Zebris Medical GmbH, Germany) during the following tasks: At clinical rest, saliva swallowing, lip protrusion, lip compression, and production of the syllable/pa/. The Mann–Whitney U test was conducted to compare the study results between the groups. An analysis of the electromyographical (EMG) recordings showed that the electrical activity of the orbicularis oris muscle in children with DS and lip incompetence was significantly higher compared to healthy children during saliva swallowing, lip compression, and when producing the syllable/pa/, and this may suggest greater muscular effort due to the need to seal the lips during these functional conditions.

scholarly journals Pelaksanaan Pengambilan Sidik Jari dalam mengungkap Pelaku Tindak Pidana Pencurian

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
I Kadek Aris Setiawan ◽  
l Nyoman Gede Sugiarta ◽  
Ni Made Sukaryati Karma
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Fingerprint Identification ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Legal Method

The increase in the crime of theft has become one of the concerns in the community, so in this case the implementation of fingerprinting in exposing the crime of theft is to reveal the identity of the victim of theft. Based on these problems, the purpose of this research is to analyze the role of fingerprints in uncovering the criminal act of theft and the process of taking fingerprints in proving the perpetrator of the crime of theft. The research method used is normative and empirical legal method. Sources of data used are primary and secondary sources of law. Data collection techniques by interviewing, taking notes, quoting, reading, and summarizing the literature. After the data is collected, it is analyzed qualitatively. The result shows that the role of fingerprints in uncovering criminal acts of theft is that they can be used as evidence, by using a system or method of fingerprint identification, fingerprint records in the form of letters or expert statements can be used as additional evidence in addition to other evidence. found at the scene of the case in conducting an investigation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Kuta Bataguh in Kapuas, Central Kalimantan

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-308
Author(s):  
Nfn Sunarningsih ◽  
Nfn Hartatik ◽  
Ida Bagus Putu Prajna Yogi ◽  
Unggul Prasetyo Wibowo ◽  
Nugroho Nur Susanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Community Group ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Central Kalimantan ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
Absolute Dating ◽  
Descriptive Method

Kuta Bataguh is administratively located in Bataguh and East Kapuas Districts, Kapuas Regency, Kalimantan Tengah. The research aims to reconstruct the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh. This research is using interpretive-descriptive method with the inductive reasoning. Data collection used surveys, excavations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis included environmental, stratigraphic, artifactual, spatial, and absolute dating analysis. Survey (surface and aerial) and excavation activities were carried out inside and outside the fence, both downstream and upstream of the Karinyau River. The results illustrate that the characteristics of Kuta Bataguh are a large permanent settlement that is split by a river. The fortified settlement of Kuta Bataguh was the leader residence of Ngaju community group (as the center of power). By referring to the pattern, function and extent of this settlement, it can be assumed that the local authorities in Bataguh are on par with early state in their socio-political organization.

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