scholarly journals Proposing an Index to Determine the Contract Level at the Pre-Contract Stage from the Viewpoint of Health, Safety and Environment (HSE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
Mahsa Mapar ◽  
Mohammad Javad Jafari ◽  
Nabi-allah Mansouri ◽  
Sara Maheronnaghsh
Keyword(s):  
Operational Risk ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
International Level ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Classification Procedure ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Safety And Environment

The level of contractor’s HSE is a major concern in outsourcing of the works for large organizations. In each tender a rational level of HSE holding by the contractors is recommended to reduce the project costs. By investigating the classification procedure of the contracts available in reliable manuals and models at international level, 6 main criteria were selected for determining the contract level from the viewpoint of HSE. Also, an indicator, called "contract separation" was proposed by weighting the criteria. Initial weight of the main criteria along with their scoring in this indicator was determined by applying sub-criteria characteristics, namely "specialized workforce", "man-day required for meeting the criteria", "required technology", and "impact of criterion on planning the next steps of the contract". Then, by preparing a questionnaire and applying the experts' opinion, the final weight of the criteria was specified, based on which all the contracts of Shahid Tondgouyan Oil Refinery Company in Tehran were divided into four levels, namely (1) advanced, (2) moderate, (3) basic, and (4) exempted from the initial HSE assessment. Results of the present study showed that the operational risk level had the highest impact percentage on determining the level of contract compared with other criteria, which indicates that regardless of other criteria, in case the level of contract risk is high, some special HSE measures should be planned for that contract according to the advanced contracts. Also, cost of the contract had the lowest weight; although cost of the contract is one of the most effective criteria in the contract classification, it cannot by itself represent the magnitude of the contract from the HSE perspective and its impact must be considered along with other criteria associated with HSE in order to determine the contract level.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE DISSOLVING EFFECT OF RC SOLVE, EUCALYPTUS OIL AND G-SOL ON AH PLUS ROOT CANAL SEALER - AN INVITRO STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 984-990
Author(s):  
Malavika Mohan ◽  
◽  
Meenakshi R. Verma ◽  
Ashish K. Jain ◽  
Rahul D. Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
P Value ◽  
Root Canal Sealer ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

Context: Use of root canal solvents has increased the success rate of endodontic retreatment and it has made the procedure faster and simpler. Aims: During retreatment, a solvent facilitates the removal of obturation material and root canal sealer by softening it, so as to obtain a root canal free of debris and microorganisms. Hence an invitro study was done to evaluate and compare the dissolving effect of RC Solve, Eucalyptus oil and G-sol on AH Plus Root Canal Sealer. Methods and Material: Thirty standardized stainless-steel rings filled with AH Plus sealer manipulated according to manufacturers instructions were prepared and placed ten minutes for complete setting in an incubator at 37°C for 48 hours and weighed to obtain the initial weight. The samples were divided into three equal groups of 10 each and immersed in RC Solve, Eucalyptus oil and G-sol for 10 minutes and dried in an incubator at 37°C for 24 hours and weighed again for final weight. The amount of sealer lost was determined by calculating the difference between initial and final weight. Results: The dissolving effect of AH Plus sealer on all three solvents showed a marked amount of weight loss (p<0.05). The best dissolving capability on AH Plus sealer was exhibited by Eucalyptus oil followed by RC Solve and least for G-Sol. The result of the ANOVA with a p-value of 0.004 indicated a significant difference of weight change of AH Plus sealer after immersion into RC Solve, Eucalyptus Oil and G-Sol. Conclusions: Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that Eucalyptus oil has a slightly better solvent effect.

RESPONSE TO SELECTION FOR BODY WEIGHT OR FEED EFFICIENCY IN MICE TESTED ON CORN, RYE AND WHEAT DIETS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
R. I. McKAY ◽  
R. J. PARKER ◽  
W. GUENTER
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Commercial Diet ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Dc Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Seven Generations

Mass selection for adjusted feed efficiency (AFE, g gain/g feed) and adjusted body weight (ABW, g) of male mice was practiced for seven generations on each of three diets: corn, rye and wheat. The three experimental diets, fed between 21 and 35 d, were isocaloric (approximately 16.5 MJ GE kg−1) and isonitrogenous (CP approximately 13%). A common commerical diet (PC) was fed at all other times. With each diet two control lines, randomly mated, were tested on either the experimental diets (DC) or a commercial diet (PC). Selection was based upon linear adjustment to a common initial weight (10 g) for either final weight (ABW) or feed efficiency (AFE) measured between 21 and 35 d of age. Response was determined as a deviation from the appropriate DC line. All animals were placed in specially designed individual cages during the test period. Half-sib estimates of heritability in the PC line were 0.13(± 0.11) for ABW and 0.19(± 0.10) for AFE. Half-sib estimates pooled across lines and diets were 0.16(± 0.07) for ABW and 0.28(± 0.07) for AFE. Realized heritabilities for ABW were 0.24(± 0.06), 0.06(± 0.07) and 0.14(± 0.06) for the corn, rye and wheat diets, respectively. Response to selection for AFE was poor with the highest heritability obtained on the wheat diet (h2 = 0.13 ± 0.02). Key words: Selection, mice, body weight, feed efficiency, diets

scholarly journals Entropy-Based Image Fusion with Joint Sparse Representation and Rolling Guidance Filter

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yudan Liu ◽  
Xiaomin Yang ◽  
Rongzhu Zhang ◽  
Marcelo Keese Albertini ◽  
Turgay Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Image Fusion ◽  
Sparse Representation ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Edge Preservation ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Joint Sparse Representation ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Fused Image ◽  
Correlation Information

Image fusion is a very practical technology that can be applied in many fields, such as medicine, remote sensing and surveillance. An image fusion method using multi-scale decomposition and joint sparse representation is introduced in this paper. First, joint sparse representation is applied to decompose two source images into a common image and two innovation images. Second, two initial weight maps are generated by filtering the two source images separately. Final weight maps are obtained by joint bilateral filtering according to the initial weight maps. Then, the multi-scale decomposition of the innovation images is performed through the rolling guide filter. Finally, the final weight maps are used to generate the fused innovation image. The fused innovation image and the common image are combined to generate the ultimate fused image. The experimental results show that our method’s average metrics are: mutual information ( M I )—5.3377, feature mutual information ( F M I )—0.5600, normalized weighted edge preservation value ( Q A B / F )—0.6978 and nonlinear correlation information entropy ( N C I E )—0.8226. Our method can achieve better performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods in visual perception and objective quantification.

A note on the use of brewers' dried grains as a protein feedstuff for cattle

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Öster ◽  
S. Thomke ◽  
H. Gyllang
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

SUMMARYYoung, uncastrated male cattle (initial weight 80 kg, final weight 240 kg) were used to evaluate brewers' dried grains as a protein source (17 or 36% of the concentrate mixture), in comparison with soyabean oil meal (6% of the concentrate mixture). There were no significant effects on feed intake or average daily live-weight gain. The killing-out percentages for the three treatments were 49·2; 48·6 and 46·9 respectively (P < 0·001). There was a lower fat deposition (P < 0·01) in animals receiving the higher level of brewers' dried grains, and the degree of rumen parakeratosis was less (P < 0·001) with the diets containing grains.

scholarly journals Automatic Monitoring and Cutoff of Peanut Dryers

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul D. Blankenship ◽  
James I. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Automatic Monitoring ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Moisture Control ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Conventional Methods

Abstract A method for automatic cutoff of full-scale peanut dryers when peanuts approach a prescribed moisture content without periodic moisture sampling is described. Final weight is mathematically predicted from initial weight and moisture content. Peanut weight loss is monitored and dryer operation subsequently controlled through electronics. Six of 8 drying wagon loads of peanuts dried with the method were dried to a satisfactory moisture content at grading. Additional drying was required on 2 loads. Test results indicate that the method will require less labor, provide better moisture control, and reduce the danger of overdrying compared to conventional methods.

CONTINGENCY PERCEPTIONS OF TRADITIONAL VERSUS COLLABORATIVE-BASED CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT CLAUSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Dardoon ◽  
Wisam Manlla ◽  
Ghada Gad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Trust Level ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
Project Site ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Level 2

Although contracts are viewed mostly as legal documents whose main objective is to manage risk, its clauses reflect the collaboration level expected between parties. The objective of this paper is to empirically investigate the contracting parties’ perception of collaboration in contract clauses and their correlation to the risk allocation (depicted by the contingency percentage allocated by contracting parties). Through surveys administered to both owners and contractors, survey participants were presented with different project scenarios, including varying degrees of 1) risk allocation in contract clauses (contract collaboration level), 2) project site conditions (project risk level), as well as, 3) prior working relationship with the other contracting party (trust level). Based on these scenarios, participants were asked to allocate a contingency percentage (perception of risk). Results show that clauses identified as low-level collaborative clauses are highly correlated with high contingency percentages. In general, participants representing owners tend to place a lower contingency percentage compared to contractors in all the presented scenarios. This finding reinforces the need to communicate risk perceptions between parties to align their expectations, and thus their estimates of an adequate contingency percentage, ultimately reducing unnecessary project costs. The study also highlights the importance of developing balanced contracts that reflect the trust level exhibited between the parties.

scholarly journals The Effect of Clove's and Lemongrass's Essential Oil in Basal Feed on Performances and Hematology Profile of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ahmad Baidlowi ◽  
◽  
Dela Ria Nesti ◽  
Ida Tjahajati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Total Gain

This research was conducted to determine the effect of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s essential oil (EO) in basal feed on performances and hematology profile of Sterptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. 20 rats aged 40 days were divided into four groups of feed treatments, which are: negative control feed (basal feed-non-diabetic) (R1); positive control feed (commercial diabetic food) (R2); basal feed+Clove’s EO (R3); and basal feed+Lemongrass’s EO (R4). Each treatments using 5 rats. Collected data were performances and blood hematology profile. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA design, the significance of different was tested using Least Significant Different (LSD) test. The result from this research showed that Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO were significantly affected (P<0.05) on post-induction initial weight (5.41%; 3.30%; and 5.21%) compared to R2 group. It also significantly affected (P<0.05) on total gain (56.66% and 3.30%) and final weight (5.47% and 3.48%) compared to R1 group. Hematology profile’s data showed that both of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO did not affect to erythrocyte level, however, Clove’s EO did significantly affect to thrombocyte, hemoglobin and leukocyte level compared to R2 group, consecutively: (25.70%; 87.79%; and 37.59%), while Lemongrass’s EO significantly affected hemoglobin level (51.17%) compared to R2 group. It can be concluded that the addition of Clove’s and Lemongrass’s EO on basal feed could maintain the performance and improve the hematology profile of diabetic rat.

scholarly journals Impact of different file systems on the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 210-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Uzunoglu ◽  
Sevinc Aktemur Turker
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Gutta Percha ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Endodontic Retreatment

ABSTRACT Objective: The goal of present study was to determine the effect of different nickel–titanium file systems on the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment: D-RaCe retreatment systems, EdgeFile XR retreatment rotary files, and Reciproc R40. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six single-rooted prepared mandibular premolar teeth were filled with Gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. The teeth were then randomly assigned into three groups (n = 12) for retreatment. The endodontic retreatment was performed as follows: D-RaCe, EdgeFile XR, Reciproc 40. Debris extruded apically during the retreatment was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. An incubator was used to store tubes at 70°C for 5 days. The initial weight was subtracted from final weight of the Eppendorf tubes to calculate the weight of the dry extruded debris for each group. The data obtained were evaluated using Welch analysis of variance and Games-Howell post-hoc tests (P < 0.05). Results: All files resulted in apical extrusion of debris. Reciproc caused significantly less debris extrusion compared to D-RaCe and EdgeFile XR (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings revealed that during endodontic retreatment, number, and taper of files might have an influence on the amount of apically extruded debris during endodontic retreatment.

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