The Role of Bystander-initiated Basic Life Support in Sports-related Sudden Cardiac Arrest: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braeden Hill ◽  
Nicholas Grubic ◽  
Dermot M. Phelan ◽  
Aaron L. Baggish ◽  
Paul Dorian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Survival Outcomes ◽  
Full Text Review ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Median Rate

Background: Sudden cardiac arrest is the leading medical cause of death amongst athletes and a common cause of death during exercise. The provision of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and automatic external defibrillator (AED) use by bystanders can greatly improve survival outcomes in sudden cardiac arrest. However, the effectiveness of these interventions within exertional settings requires further investigation. Objective: To evaluate the role of bystander-initiated CPR and AED use on survival outcomes amongst sports-related sudden cardiac arrest (SrSCA). Methods: Several databases and grey literature sources were queried from inception until November 2020 using a comprehensive search strategy. Abstract screening, full-text review, and data extraction of eligible studies were conducted independently by two reviewers. SrSCA was defined as a cardiac arrest which occurred during (or within 1-hour of) physical activity, sport, or exercise. Bystander CPR and AED rates, as well as appropriate survival outcomes, were extracted from each study, and overall summary measures were calculated. Results: A total of 2,850 unique records were identified, with 176 articles selected for full-text review, of which 32 studies were included in this review. The median rate of bystander CPR and AED use was 75% and 24%, respectively. Survival to hospital discharge ranged from 11%-93%, with a median rate of 33%. Conclusions: Majority of SrSCAs received bystander CPR and achieved a high rate of survival to hospital discharge, yet AED use was low. These findings encourage layperson education in basic life support, the availability of AEDs in athletic facilities, and emergency action plans to ensure timely resuscitation.

scholarly journals 2019 American Heart Association Focused Update on Pediatric Basic Life Support: An Update to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. Duff ◽  
Alexis A. Topjian ◽  
Marc D. Berg ◽  
Melissa Chan ◽  
Sarah E. Haskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
American Heart Association ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Liaison Committee ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association pediatric basic life support guidelines follows the 2019 systematic review of the effects of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DA-CPR) on survival of infants and children with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This systematic review and the primary studies identified were analyzed by the Pediatric Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. It aligns with the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation’s continuous evidence review process, with updates published when the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation completes a literature review based on new published evidence. This update summarizes the available pediatric evidence supporting DA-CPR and provides treatment recommendations for DA-CPR for pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Four new pediatric studies were reviewed. A systematic review of this data identified the association of a significant improvement in the rates of bystander CPR and in survival 1 month after cardiac arrest with DA-CPR. The writing group recommends that emergency medical dispatch centers offer DA-CPR for presumed pediatric cardiac arrest, especially when no bystander CPR is in progress. No recommendation could be made for or against DA-CPR instructions when bystander CPR is already in progress.

scholarly journals Factors affecting survival after prehospital asystolic cardiac arrest in a Basic Life Support-Defibrillation system

CJEM ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Petrie ◽  
Valerie De Maio ◽  
Ian G. Stiell ◽  
Jonathan Dreyer ◽  
Michael Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Pulseless Electrical Activity ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Bystander Cpr

ABSTRACT Objectives: Previous studies have shown a low but meaningful survival rate in cases of prehospital cardiac arrest with an initial rhythm of asystole. There may be, however, an identifiable subgroup in which resuscitation efforts are futile. This study identified potential field criteria for predicting 100% nonsurvival when the presenting rhythm is asystole in a Basic Life Support-Defibrillation (BLS-D) system. Methods: This prospective cohort study, a component of Phases I and II of the Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support (OPALS) Study, was conducted in 21 Ontario communities with BLS-D level of care, and included all adult arrests of presumed cardiac etiology according to the Utstein Style Guidelines. Analyses included descriptive and appropriate univariate tests, as well as multivariate stepwise logistic regression to determine predictors of survival. Results: From 1991 to 1997, 9899 consecutive cardiac arrest cases with the following characteristics: male (67.2%), bystander-witnessed (44.7%), bystander CPR (14.2%), call–response interval (CRI) ≤ 8 minutes (82%) and overall survival (4.3%) were enrolled. Of 9529 cases with available rhythm strip recordings, initial arrest rhythms were asystole in 40.8%, pulseless electrical activity in 21.2% and ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia in 38%. Of 3888 asystolic patients, 9 (0.2%) survived to discharge; 3 of these cases were unwitnessed arrests with no bystander CPR. There were no survivors if the CRI exceeded 8 minutes. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that independent predictors of survival to admission were “CRI in minutes” (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77–0.98) and “bystander-witnessed” (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5–4.4). Conclusions: In a BLS-D system, there is a very low but measurable survival rate for prehospital asystolic cardiac arrest. CRIs of over 8 minutes were associated with 100% nonsurvival, whereas unwitnessed arrests with no bystander CPR were not. These data add to the growing literature that will help guide ethical decision-making for protocol development in emergency medical services systems.

Abstract 19542: A North American Survey of Public Opinion on the Acceptability of Crowdsourcing Basic Life Support for Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie N Dainty ◽  
Steven Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
North American ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Public Access ◽  
The North ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Introduction: Performance of bystander CPR and early defibrillation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) have been shown to increase the odds of survival to hospital discharge more than 3-fold. The PulsePoint Respond™ Application (App) is a novel system that can be implemented by EMS to crowdsource basic life support for victims of OHCA. The system sends cardiac arrest notifications to a user’s mobile device which includes the location of the emergency and nearby public access defibrillators to facilitate bystander CPR and AED use while EMS personnel are en route. We conducted a North American survey to evaluate public perceptions of such an application, including acceptability and willingness to respond to alerts. Methods: The web-based survey was conducted in Canada and the USA by an established external polling vendor, Ipsos Reid. Sampling was designed to ensure broad representation of gender, age, geography, and spoken language following recent census statistics. Respondents were presented with a short concept description of cardiac arrest and the Pulsepoint app in text format followed by 6 closed-ended and 4 open-ended questions. Results: A random sample of 2,415 total surveys were collected (1106 from Canada and 1309 from the US). 70% of Canadian respondents but only 47% of US respondents had been trained in CPR at some point. On average, 79.5% of respondents agreed that Pulsepoint is something they would like to see in their community and 59.5% said they would download the App. 80% of Canadians and 77% of Americans were comfortable with receiving help in a public setting (street, office, etc) and 72 and 68% respectively, indicated they would be comfortable with receiving help in a private setting (home). Less than 40% of respondents identified concerns; as expected those identified included training concerns and trust issues. An average of 89% of the sample from both countries felt it was important that responders have up-to-date CPR certification. Conclusions: Overall, the North American public find the concept of the Pulsepoint application and crowdsourcing basic life support for OHCA acceptable and would be willing to respond. This is encouraging insight to support the use of social media to increasing bystander CPR rates in North America.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with High-Quality Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Performed by Bystander

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye Ji Park ◽  
Won Jung Jeong ◽  
Hyung Jun Moon ◽  
Gi Woon Kim ◽  
Jin Seong Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Advanced Life Support ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Cpr Quality

Bystander cardiopulmonary dresuscitation (CPR) improves the survival and neurological outcomes of sudden cardiac arrest patients. The rate of bystander CPR is increasing; however, its performance quality has not been evaluated in detail. In this study, emergency medical technicians (EMTs) in the field evaluated bystander CPR quality, and we aimed to investigate the association between bystander information and CPR quality. This retrospective cohort study was based on data included in the Smart Advanced Life Support (SALS) registry between January 2016 and December 2017. We included patients older than 18 years who experienced an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) due to medical causes. Bystander CPR quality was judged to be “high” when the hand positions were appropriate and when compression rates of at least 100/min and compression depths of at least 5 cm were achieved. Among 6,769 eligible patients, 3,799 (58.7%) received bystander CPR, and 6% of bystanders performed high-quality CPR. After adjustment, the occurrence of cardiac arrest at home (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 95% confidence interval (CI); 0.42, 0.27–0.64), witnessed cardiac arrest (1.45, 1.03–2.06), and younger bystander age all showed associations with one another. High-quality CPR led to a 4.29-fold increase in the chance of neurological recovery. In particular, high-quality CPR in patients aged 60 years showed a significant association compared with other age groups (7.61, 1.41–41.04). The main factor affecting CPR quality in this study was the age of the bystander, and older bystanders found it more difficult to maintain CPR quality. To improve the quality of bystander CPR, training among older bystanders should be the focus.

scholarly journals Motivation, challenges and realities of volunteer community cardiac arrest response: a qualitative study of ‘lay’ community first responders

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e029015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Barry ◽  
Suzanne Guerin ◽  
Gerard Bury
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
End Of Life Care ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
First Responders ◽  
Complex Care ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

ObjectivesTo explore the reasons why lay community first responders (CFRs) volunteer to participate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response and the realities of their experience in providing this service to the community.DesignA qualitative study, using in-depth semistructured interviews that were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was undertaken and credibility checks conducted.SettingNine geographically varied lay CFR schemes throughout Ireland.ParticipantsTwelve experienced CFRs.ResultsCFRs were motivated to participate based on a variety of factors. These included altruistic, social and pre-existing emergency care interest. A proportion of CFRs may volunteer because of experience of cardiac arrest or illness in a relative. Sophisticated structures and complex care appear to underpin CFR involvement in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Strategic and organisational issues, multifaceted cardiac arrest care and the psychosocial impact of participation were considered.ConclusionsHealth systems that facilitate CFR out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response should consider a variety of relevant issues. These issues include the suitability of those that volunteer, complexities of resuscitation/end-of-life care, responder psychological welfare as well as CFRs’ core role of providing early basic life support and defibrillation in the community.

scholarly journals Correlation Analysis of Knowledge and Education Against the Implementation of Basic Life Support (BHD) in Patients of Cardiac Arrest by Nurses in Emergency Installation and ICU of General Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Maulidah Maulidah ◽  
Dhelya Widasmara ◽  
Titin Andri Wihastuti
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palpable Pulse ◽  
Analysis Of Knowledge

Cardiac arrest is a condition where the heart stopped abruptly, and this condition usually occurs in someone who has had heart disease or has never experienced it. In terms of clinical, someone who is experiencing a state of cardiac arrest found no signs of a palpable pulse and other signs of circulation. Efforts in terms of handling cases of the cardiac arrest itself need the role of nurse, one cardiac arrest treatment efforts by nurses are implementing Basic Life Support. The factors that affect the implementation of BHD itself is knowledge and education. The purpose of this research is analizing the correlation between knowledge and education on the implementation of BHD in cardiac arrest patients by nurses in the Emergency Installation and ICU of the General Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak. This study uses a cross-sectional approach with descriptive corelational type. The population in this study are 56 nurses. Sampling technique using total sampling. The result of this study, based on two variables: the knowledge and education have the same p-value that is p=0.000 or α <0.05. It means that there is a correlation between knowledge and education on the implementation of BHD in patients with cardiac arrest in General Hospital of Dr. Soedarso Pontianak.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DENGAN SIKAP TENAGA BASIC LIFE SUPPORT DI PUSKESMAS PANCURBATU KABUPATEN DELISERDANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Lilis Novitarum ◽  
Siti Meilan Simbolon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Knowledge and attitudes are the result of out through a specific sensing of objects and social interaction so that the formation of a person's actions. Basic Life Support was given an early intervention in the treatment of patients in cardiac arrest (cardiac arrest). Goal : This study aimed to analyze the relationship between knowledge with attitude of health workers on basic life support in Puskemas Pancur Stone Deli Serdang. Methods: The method used is descriptive analytic research with cross sectional approach. Samples numbered 32 with a sampling technique is total sampling. Measuring instrument used in this study a questionnaire. Result : The results of statistical tests chi-square test, p value = 0.014 was obtained. P value <0.05, it indicates there is a relationship of knowledge with the attitude of health workers in health centers BLS Pancur Stone. Conclusion : Expected to health workers in health centers Pancur stone to further improve and understand basic life support and can take action BLS in the treatment of patients who suffered sudden cardiac arrest, so handled quickly and accurately, as well as a training / seminar on basic life support on a regular basis.

scholarly journals Sudden Cardiac Death: Can We Solve the Puzzle?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 077-084
Author(s):  
Ajita Suhrid Annachhatre
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Advance Cardiac Life Support ◽  
The World

AbstractSudden cardiac death is a leading cause of death worldwide. That is the reason it requires more focus on predicting the risk and identifying susceptible candidates to optimize risk and prevent the catastrophic events like sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) and sudden cardiac death. Role of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is vital in such events. Several measures have been taken all over the world to make every person aware of SCA and cardiac compressions only CPR. Immediate intervention and advance cardiac life support requires for successful outcome. In this review we have studied the etiology, predictors, and treatment of sudden cardiac death.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pelatihan Hand Only CPR pada Siswa SMK Kesehatan Dalam Penanganan Henti Jantung

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Istri Dalem Hana Yundari ◽  
I Nyoman Asdiwinata
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Latar belakang: Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) merupakan kondisi gangguan jantung yang sering mengancam nyawa seseorang. Penanganan pada kejadian tersebut sebanyak 40,1 % mendapatkan tindakan Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) oleh orang – orang yang ada di sekitar korban dengan angka keberlangsungan hidup korban yang mendapatkan tindakan RJP dilokasi kejadian mencapai 9,5%. Hand only CPR merupakan fondasi dari pertolongan terhadap henti jantung dan merupakan aspek fundamental dari Basic Life Support (BLS) dengan mengenali Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA), mencari pertolongan emergency,dan  kompresi dada segera yang dapat dilakukan oleh orang awam. Siswa SMK Kesehatan merupakan bagian dari orang awam yang pada jenjang pendidikan tersebut belum memperoleh kompetensi penanganan henti jantung melalui RJP. Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas dan pengaruh pelatihan hand only cpr pada siswa smk kesehatan dalam penanganan henti jantung. Metode: Kuantitatif korelasi dengan uji bivariat pre-post design tanpa control melalui metode ceramah dan simulasi menggunakan manikin Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP). Hasil: Uji analisis Mac Nemar: p=0,000 (p<0,05) dengan kategori sebagian besar (24 orang) memiliki keterampilan baik setelah memperoleh pelatihan Hand Only CPR. Kesimpulan: Terjadi hubungan bermakna sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pelatihan hand only CPR

Abstract 212: Advantage of CPR-First Over Call-First Basic Life Support Actions in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest of Noncardiac Etiology and Young Adults/Children

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hose Iwasaki ◽  
Takahisa Kamikura ◽  
Testuo Maeda ◽  
Minoru Kubo ◽  
Yutaka Takei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Basic Life Support ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Emergency Call ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bystander Cpr ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Aim: To assess the benefit of immediate call-first or CPR-first basic life support (BLS) in promoting a better outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Methods: From the nation-wide database of 2005 to 2012, we extracted bystander-witnessed OHCAs in which both emergency call and CPR were performed by bystanders on their own initiative (without instruction over telephone) within 6 min of witnessing patient collapse. These cases were categorized into the following four groups; immediate Call+CPR group (N=10,195 ,emergency call and/or CPR within 2 min of witness, call-CPR time interval = 0 or 1 min), immediate Call-First group (N=1,820 , emergency call within 2 min of witness, call-CPR interval = 2[[Unable to Display Character: &#8210;]]4 min), immediate CPR-First group (N=5,446 , bystander CPR within 2 min of witness, CPR-call interval =2[[Unable to Display Character: &#8210;]]4 min), the delayed Call/CPR group (N=4,671, the remaining cases). We compared the rates of neurologically favorable survival at 1-month among the four groups for all OHCAs and subgroups of OHCAs. Results: The overall survival rate was highest in Call-First group and lowest in delayed Call/CPR group (Figure). The rate of Call-First group was significantly higher than that of CPR-First group in OHCAs of presumed cardiac etiology (17.2% vs. 14.1%, unadjusted OR; 95% CI, 1.26; 1.05[[Unable to Display Character: &#8210;]]1.52). The rate of CPR-First group was significantly higher than that of Call-First group in OHCAs of presumed non-cardiac etiology (7.7% vs. 5.0%, 1.59; 1.11[[Unable to Display Character: &#8210;]]2.33) and young adults/children (age<35y, 32.8% vs. 17.8%, 2.25; 1.33[[Unable to Display Character: &#8210;]]3.95). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the results of univariate analyses and disclosed that delayed Call/CPR is associated with poor outcomes. Conclusions: The immediate (within 2 min) CPR-first BLS action followed by emergency call without a large (>4 min) delay may be recommended when a single bystander having a fundamental skill to initiate CPR witnesses OHCAs of non-cardiac etiology and young adults/children.

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