scholarly journals STRATEGI PERANCANGAN DESAIN KERUANGAN HUNIAN VERTIKAL DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Martinus Dyon Lesmana ◽  
Dewi Ratnaningrum ◽  
Maria Veronica Gandha
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Module Design ◽  
Unit Module ◽  
Psychology Theory ◽  
Ray Oldenburg

The Covid-19 pandemic makes vertical housings vulnerable to mental health problems for residents. The cause of this problem is due to the small size of space, which is shrinking due to changes in urban patterns, which are not able to meet the needs of residents. The resident needs that are usually obtained outside the housing cannot be achieved due to social distancing or the lockdown. The closure of access also makes the residence must be able to become a place of work and entertainment space. As a result, the small dwellings are getting more and more cramped to live in. This problem encourages changes in new housing patterns that take into account the needs of each occupant. The use of a multidisciplinary approach by combining human psychology theory with architectural design theory is able to provide solutions in forming new residential patterns. Maslow's theory of human needs and Ray Oldenburg's theory of the Three Realms of Space form the basis of theory in designing. The design result is a residential unit module design that has all component place by Ray Oldenburg and fulfills Maslow's pyramid theory of needs. Key words: Covid-19 pandemic; Housing Pattern; Human Needs; Shrinking Space; Three Realms of Space AbstrakPandemi Covid-19 membuat hunian-hunian vertikal menjadi rentan terhadap permasalahan kesehatan mental penghuninya. Penyebab permasalahan ini dikarenakan ruang dengan ukuran kecil, yang menyusut akibat perubahan pola kota, yang tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan penghuni. Kebutuhan yang biasanya didapatkan di luar hunian menjadi tidak dapat dijangkau karena adanya social distancing hingga lockdown. Penutupan akses juga membuat hunian harus mampu beradaptasi menjadi tempat kerja dan tempat hiburan. Akibatnya hunian yang kecil semakin sesak untuk ditinggali. Permasalahan ini mendorong perubahan pola hunian baru yang mempertimbangkan kebutuhan masing-masing penghuni. Penggunaan metode pendekatan multidisiplin dengan menggabungkan teori psikologi manusia dengan teori desain arsitektural mampu memberikan solusi dalam membentuk pola hunian baru. Teori Maslow tentang kebutuhan manusia dan teori Ray Oldenburg tentang Three Realms of Space menjadi dasar teori dalam merancang. Hasil rancangan berupa desain modul unit hunian yang memiliki karakteristik ketiga tempat oleh Ray Oldenburg dan memenuhi teori piramida kebutuhan Maslow.

scholarly journals Threshold Approaches to Architectural Design Studio

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 01046
Author(s):  
Ebru Alakavuk
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Design Studio ◽  
Architecture Design ◽  
Architectural Design Studio ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Student Projects

Threshold is a popular design theory in architecture that can be defined in many ways. One definition is “a barrier space that is located for separating the volumes”. This is “dictionary definition” of the threshold, but in fact this term can has various meanings according to the different perspectives. The threshold can be physical, psychological, emotional, social, economic, etc. definitions. There are many ways of expressing threshold in to architectural design considering the terms mentioned above. In this paper different ways of expressing “threshold” term in to the architectural design is discussed. For this purpose third year architecture design studio is taken as a case study. The student projects by the ways of defining and expressing the threshold term in to design is taken in consideration. The aim of this paper to put forward the integration of various meanings of threshold in to the architectural design by the case studies that are obtained from the architectural design studio.

The Imperial Fora of Rome: Some Design Considerations

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Wightman
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Roman Architecture ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Cosmic Order ◽  
Base Dimension ◽  
Unified Design

Research in ancient Roman architectural design has come increasingly to the view that geometry was often as important as metrication and proportion. The present paper examines the contribution of both geometry and arithmetic to the design of the four imperial fora in Rome, as well as the closely related Temple of Peace. An analysis of the Forum of Augustus-the best-known of the imperial fora-shows that it was designed according to a geometric model with a particular size utilizing a "base dimension" of 146 Roman feet. Analyses of the other fora show that the same geometric model-but with a base dimension of 150 feet-can be used to generate their basic spatial divisions and dimensions. The model accounts not only for straightforward and integral dimensions or proportions, but also for irrational and nonintegral proportions hitherto unexplained. The article argues that the mixture of integral, nonintegral, and irrational metrication was a deliberate aspect of the design process, in line with the Early Imperial propensity to combine rectilinear and curvilinear architectural forms. The article concludes with a suggestion that the model originated in the Etruscan ritual division of space, which was adopted by the Romans and later applied to an increasingly broad range of building types. The model may thus have served as a kind of template or cosmogram whereby each building designed on it could embody essential features of cosmic order. It gave to each Roman building its uniquely "Italic" flavor quite separate from Greek "cosmetics." If the model's application proves to be sufficiently broad, then the possibility is raised of developing a "unified design theory" for Etruscan and Roman architecture. These issues will be broached in future articles.

scholarly journals Interpersonal Distance in the SARS-CoV-2 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 1095-1101
Author(s):  
Robin Welsch ◽  
Heiko Hecht ◽  
Lewis Chuang ◽  
Christoph von Castell
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Interpersonal Distance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Behavioral Norms ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Mandatory Rules ◽  
Social Signaling ◽  
Intimate Encounters

Background Mandatory rules for social distancing to curb the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic require individuals to maintain a critical interpersonal distance above 1.5 m. However, this contradicts our natural preference, which is closer to 1 m for non-intimate encounters, for example, when asking a stranger for directions. Objective This review addresses how humans typically regulate interpersonal distances, in order to highlight the challenges of enforcing atypically large interpersonal distances. Method To understand the challenges posed by social distancing requirements, we integrate relevant contributions from visual perception, social perception, and human factors. Results To date, research on preferred interpersonal distances suggests that social distancing could induce discomfort, heighten arousal, and decrease social signaling in the short term. While the protracted effects of social distancing are unclear, we propose hypotheses on the mid- to long-term consequences of violating preferred norms of interpersonal distances. Conclusion We suggest that enforcing a physical distance of 1.5–2 m presents a serious challenge to behavioral norms. Application We address how notifications, architectural design, and visualizations could be effectively applied to promote interpersonal distance requirements.

scholarly journals The end of architecture as we know it, the genesis of tomorrow’s tourism

2019 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Bevolo
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Architectural Design Theory ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Conceptual Background ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fundamental Shift

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to inform the reader of some emerging trends in placemaking and digital destination management, while providing a conceptual background on shifts in architectural design. Design/methodology/approach The trend paper is based on a fundamental bibliographic view on evolutions in placemaking, from architectural design to spatial agency, integrated by and contextualized in tourism trends, however possibly anecdotal. Findings The trend paper identifies a fundamental shift from architectural processes to spatial agency as organizing principle for placemaking, discussing how digital tourism trends are formed or forming change in this. Originality/value The trend paper newly relates otherwise distant and unrelated fields, namely architectural design theory and tourism trends, by connecting at the level of IoT and IT digital technologies, exploring the impact and the mutual role played by its two constituencies.

scholarly journals The Memory That Remembers Us

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mitchell Jones
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Design Work ◽  
New City ◽  
New Interpretation

<p>Future habitation of earth is an ever-increasing concern, with the proliferation of problems such as overpopulation, climate change, nonviable waste disposable methods and over-consumption of natural resources. These issues are influencing some contemporary entrepreneurs to consider ways of moving away from earth, to new habitations in space where we can survive if the earth becomes uninhabitable. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezo is currently engaging technicians and engineers to design plans for a city in space. But architectural design theory, in addition to engineering, must play a fundamental role in such a project, if it is to meet the social, cultural and political needs of its inhabitants.  People on earth benefit significantly from the ability to engage with the natural environment. But in outer space, this is not a condition that normally would be considered viable. In a space city, by default the traditional notion of an outside landscape setting needs to occur inside. This imperative becomes one of the principal reasons why this thesis looks at biophilia as a direction for the design research experiments, since biophilic systems at a large scale can provide a sense of an ‘outside’ landscape even ‘within’ the architecture of the design research. This thesis advances this concept further by proposing that the occupants can live within such a system, rather than peripheral to it, enabling the occupants to become a fundamental part of a working system.  With the intention of exploring design concepts for a city in space, the first aim of the thesis is to consider how to incorporate a ‘natural environment’ into people’s lives, even within an ‘architectural’ context where no access to a traditional natural environment is available. The first thesis aim is to achieve this by integrating biophilic systems throughout the design, thereby providing an environmental landscape within which people can interact, within an internalised architectural construct. The second aim of the thesis is to consider how to apply sustainability to an entire city. By designing an entire city as an integrated set of biophilic ‘systems’, the thesis proposes that each component of the new urban environment becomes participatory – and they become fundamental parts of that system. The overall system can be conceived in relation to sub-systems, systems working on macro and micro levels, relating to the full range of urban to human scales. The third aim of the thesis is to consider how the architectural identity of a future city would be defined if the multicultural future city is not associated with any traditional site, culture, or architectural heritage. The thesis proposes that if the new city is designed as an overall set of biophilic systems, then the typological identity of the new architecture / new city could arise from the biophilic systems’ environmental as well as mechanical components–integrated with the related habitational systems. In this way, the architectural identity of the ‘new city’ is conceived as systems-based, rather than arising from historical architectural precedents that are no longer applicable in a fully enclosed city in space.  This thesis asks the question: how can pressing issues such as global scarcity and severe environmental transformation be strategically represented to the public through politically motivated ‘speculative’ architecture? Using Factory Fifteen, a visual studio that works in architectural communication, combined with design work described in Chris Abbot’s novel Xavier of the World as a provocative generator of a speculative design as well as a driver for the site and programme, the architecture of a city in space is used to illustrate a new interpretation of physical, social, economic, cultural and political parameters for 21st century architecture.</p>

scholarly journals The Memory That Remembers Us

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Mitchell Jones
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Design Theory ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Design Work ◽  
New City ◽  
New Interpretation

<p>Future habitation of earth is an ever-increasing concern, with the proliferation of problems such as overpopulation, climate change, nonviable waste disposable methods and over-consumption of natural resources. These issues are influencing some contemporary entrepreneurs to consider ways of moving away from earth, to new habitations in space where we can survive if the earth becomes uninhabitable. Amazon CEO Jeff Bezo is currently engaging technicians and engineers to design plans for a city in space. But architectural design theory, in addition to engineering, must play a fundamental role in such a project, if it is to meet the social, cultural and political needs of its inhabitants.  People on earth benefit significantly from the ability to engage with the natural environment. But in outer space, this is not a condition that normally would be considered viable. In a space city, by default the traditional notion of an outside landscape setting needs to occur inside. This imperative becomes one of the principal reasons why this thesis looks at biophilia as a direction for the design research experiments, since biophilic systems at a large scale can provide a sense of an ‘outside’ landscape even ‘within’ the architecture of the design research. This thesis advances this concept further by proposing that the occupants can live within such a system, rather than peripheral to it, enabling the occupants to become a fundamental part of a working system.  With the intention of exploring design concepts for a city in space, the first aim of the thesis is to consider how to incorporate a ‘natural environment’ into people’s lives, even within an ‘architectural’ context where no access to a traditional natural environment is available. The first thesis aim is to achieve this by integrating biophilic systems throughout the design, thereby providing an environmental landscape within which people can interact, within an internalised architectural construct. The second aim of the thesis is to consider how to apply sustainability to an entire city. By designing an entire city as an integrated set of biophilic ‘systems’, the thesis proposes that each component of the new urban environment becomes participatory – and they become fundamental parts of that system. The overall system can be conceived in relation to sub-systems, systems working on macro and micro levels, relating to the full range of urban to human scales. The third aim of the thesis is to consider how the architectural identity of a future city would be defined if the multicultural future city is not associated with any traditional site, culture, or architectural heritage. The thesis proposes that if the new city is designed as an overall set of biophilic systems, then the typological identity of the new architecture / new city could arise from the biophilic systems’ environmental as well as mechanical components–integrated with the related habitational systems. In this way, the architectural identity of the ‘new city’ is conceived as systems-based, rather than arising from historical architectural precedents that are no longer applicable in a fully enclosed city in space.  This thesis asks the question: how can pressing issues such as global scarcity and severe environmental transformation be strategically represented to the public through politically motivated ‘speculative’ architecture? Using Factory Fifteen, a visual studio that works in architectural communication, combined with design work described in Chris Abbot’s novel Xavier of the World as a provocative generator of a speculative design as well as a driver for the site and programme, the architecture of a city in space is used to illustrate a new interpretation of physical, social, economic, cultural and political parameters for 21st century architecture.</p>

scholarly journals The Impact of a Digital Intervention (Happify) on Loneliness During COVID-19: Qualitative Focus Group

10.2196/26617 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e26617
Author(s):  
Eliane M Boucher ◽  
Emily C McNaughton ◽  
Nicole Harake ◽  
Julia L Stafford ◽  
Acacia C Parks
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mental Health Intervention ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
The Impact

Background Loneliness is a growing area of concern, attracting attention as a public health concern due to its association with a variety of psychological and physical health problems. However, interventions targeting loneliness are less common than interventions for other mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety, and existing interventions focus primarily on building social skills and increasing opportunities for social interaction despite research suggesting these techniques are not the most effective. Furthermore, although there is an increasing need for scalable and convenient interventions, digital interventions for loneliness are even less common. Objective Using a qualitative approach, we explore how adults (18-64 years of age) who express wanting to be more connected to others experience loneliness and react to a digital mental health intervention targeting loneliness. Methods A total of 11 participants were recruited from a pilot randomized controlled trial exploring the impact of a digital mental health intervention, Happify Health, on loneliness among adults aged 18-64 years who indicated wanting to feel more connected to others when signing up for the platform. Participants were invited to participate in a 3-day asynchronous focus group about their experiences with loneliness, with Happify Health, and with social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. All 11 participants completed the focus group in May 2020. Results Participants’ responses were coded using thematic analysis, which led to identifying five themes, each with separate subthemes, that could be applied across the 3-day focus group: loneliness, relationships, social distancing, skill acquisition, and coping. Overall, we observed variability across participants in terms of the source of their loneliness, their perceptions of their social connections, and their motivation to reduce feelings of loneliness; however, participants commonly referred to negative self-perceptions as a cause or consequence of loneliness. Participants also varied in the extent to which they felt social distancing increased or decreased feelings of loneliness. In regard to the intervention, participants showed evidence of adopting skills they used to address their loneliness, particularly mindfulness and gratitude, and then using these skills to shift toward more active coping strategies following the intervention, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions The heterogeneity in participants’ experiences with loneliness described during this focus group emphasizes the subjective and complex nature of loneliness. This highlights the importance of developing loneliness interventions that use a variety of strategies, including both direct and indirect strategies for reducing loneliness. However, based on our data, a key component to loneliness interventions is incorporating strategies for addressing underlying negative self-perceptions that stem from, but also contribute to, loneliness. This data also provides preliminary evidence that digital platforms may be an effective tool for disseminating loneliness interventions while providing the added benefit of offering a productive distraction when feeling lonely.

scholarly journals High Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among Secondary School Students During COVID-19 Lockdown and Social Distancing and Its Associated Factors: An Online Cross-Sectional Survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunn Pungpapong ◽  
Rasmon Kalayasiri
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Mental Health Support

Abstract Background: Stressors introduced to adolescents by COVID-19 social distancing measures may cause mental health problems to (re)surface. We studied depression, anxiety and stress among adolescents experiencing lockdown. Methods: From May-June 2020, secondary school students were enrolled in an online cross-sectional survey through social media. We assessed presence and severity of depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and stress (PSS-10) in the last month, demographics, degree of social distancing, and other associated issues.Results: Of 392 respondents (56.4% male, 43.1% female), mostly from Thailand (59.2%) and UK (26.5%). We identified depressive symptoms in 58.7%, anxiety in 40.3% and high levels of stress in 9.7%. We found, by multivariate analysis, significant associations between being female and depression and anxiety, being in late secondary school years and depression, and changes in patterns of substance use and anxiety and stress.Conclusions: We propose that girl-centred mental health support platforms should be readily available and tailored to fit specific countries’ contexts. Schools must closely monitor and act upon any concerns which arise from their students and must also monitor mental health wellbeing as changes in academic routine due to COVID-19 could be drastic for some. Harm reduction services must adapt and utilise innovative telemedicine interventions, tailored towards adolescent users.

Reducing the cost of mental health problems at work – what can companies do?

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Piers Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The number of companies reporting mental health problems among staff is increasing. The author argues that initiatives to help staff cope with these difficulties are too late and that it is the duty of organizations to develop a workplace culture and environment where people can be motivated but calm and that other benefits will also flow from this. Design/methodology/approach The paper reports findings from the CIPD, HSE and NHS as background to a discussion of how auditing unmet human needs might be expected to improve mental health at work. Findings The paper suggests that a relatively simple and inexpensive approach could change the landscape of human emotion at work and that the process would embed a new culture of understanding and coaching in management. Research limitations/implications The conclusions would not necessarily extend to repetitive manufacturing processes and implementation would be difficult in organizations wedded to early twentieth century “scientific” management principles. Practical implications The paper has implications for organizations operating in the “knowledge” economy where the management has an interest in developing and retaining a happy and energized staff. Social implications The paper has implications for people whose lives are affected by stress generated by the working environment and culture. Originality/value This paper fits two identified needs: to suggest better ways of supporting staff who might develop mental health problems at work and to suggest a framework that will fill the gap left by the approaching demise of the annual review or appraisal process.

scholarly journals Human needs in COVID-19 isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 871-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Matias ◽  
Fabio H Dominski ◽  
David F Marks
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Mental Well Being

To reduce the spread of COVID-19, the World Health Organization and the majority of governments have recommended that the entire human population should ‘stay-at-home’. A significant proportion of the population live alone or are vulnerable to mental health problems yet, in the vast majority of cases, individuals in social isolation have no access to mental healthcare. The only resource is people themselves using self-help, self-medication and self-care. During prolonged COVID-19 isolation, an in-built system of homeostasis can help rebalance activity, thought and feeling. Increased physical activity enables a reset of physical and mental well-being. During periods of lockdown, it is recommended that exercise should be as vigorously promoted as social distancing itself.

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