Antibacterial Activity of Scopoletin from Stem Bark of Aleurites moluccana Against Salmonella typhi

Background: Based on a previous survey of ethnopharmaceutical studies (local culture), it was known that the use of decoction of candlenut stem bark (Aleurites Moluccana) was used as typhoid medicine in the treatment tradition of the people of East Kalimantan. In antibacterial screening by diffusion test, methanol extract of stem bark A.moluccana showed excellent growth inhibition of Salmonella thypimurium. Working method: Simplicia of A.moluccana stem bark was extracted by maceration using methanol. Maserate was extracted liquid-liquid using n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents. The hexane and ethyl acetate fraction was monitored for active spots with TLC bioautography. The active compound is separated using vacuum liquid chromatography and radial chromatography. Results: The fraction J of KCV and J2 subfraction results from radial chromatography provides antibacterial activity of S. thpimurium. From the J2 subfraction obtained pure isolates in the form of yellowish needle crystals. The isolate was tested for antibacterial S.thypimurium using the microdilution method with a value of MIC is 250 µg/ml. Based on spectroscopic data and comparing the published spectra of the compound, the elucidation of the isolate is Scopoletin (7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin).

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Isolation, characterization and biological properties of betulin from Entada africana Guill. and Perr. (Mimosaceae).

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research ◽

10.21839/jaar.2018.v1i2.138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Kwaji ◽

H. M. Adamu ◽

I. Y. Chindo ◽

R. Atiko

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Gradient Elution ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Pure Compound ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Isolated Compound

The present study is aimed at the isolation and characterization of betulin from Entada africana. A dichloromethane soluble portion of the stem bark methanol/acetone (1:1 v/v) extract was subjected to gradient elution using ethyl acetate in hexane (5 – 30 %) on an open column. A pure compound was obtained with Rf = 0.61 in hexane/ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) after repeated washing and recrystallization from methanol and coded Enac1. The pure compound was analyzed using IR, 1H & 13C NMR and GC-MS. Clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus were used to assess the antibacterial activity of the pure compound while its preliminary Cytotoxicity was evaluated using brine shrimp nauplii. Based on the spectroscopic data obtained and in comparison with literature, the isolated compound was identified as betulin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of betulin ranged between 62.50 - 250.00 µg/mL for all the four bacterial isolates in the study while its fifty percent lethal concentration (LC50) was 10.00 µg/mL. Significant Cytotoxicity with moderate antibacterial activity was observed. The study therefore justifies the existence of bioactive compounds in the stem bark of Entada africana and its use in traditional medicine.

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Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extracts of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566

Padjadjaran Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.24198/pjd.vol30no3.20002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 190

Author(s):

Fajar Fatriadi ◽

Dikdik Kurnia ◽

Mieke Hemiawati Satari

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Positive Control ◽

Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽

Streptococcus Sanguis ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Natural Remedies

Introduction: Streptococcus sanguis is an initial cause of dental plaque formation which is the initial cause of caries. One of the preventive treatments can be done by using the mouthwash containing antibacterial substances. Along time, natural remedies are proven to be having more antibacterial properties. Ant-plant (Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry) tubers are types of epiphytic plant that grows in many parts of Papua, with many health benefits, and are known to contain flavonoids, tannins, and tocopherols. This study was aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction from methanolic extracts of ant-plant tubers on the growth of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566. Methods: The ant-plant tubers were extracted with soxhletation method using the methanol solvent. The fractionation was then performed using ethyl acetate to obtain the ethyl acetate fraction. Result: The phytochemical test showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of the ant-plant contained phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The bacterial test in this study was using the microdilution method using the ELISA Reader by measuring the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant tubers towards Streptococcus sanguis with positive control was using the chlorhexidine gluconate as the golden standard medication. The ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant tuber had an antibacterial effect towards Streptococcus sanguis in the MIC of 31.25 ppm, while chlorhexidine gluconate was 0.49 ppm. Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of ant-plant had a lower antibacterial activity compared to chlorhexidine gluconate on the growth of Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566.Keywords: Ant-plant tubers, Myrmecodia pendens Merr. & Perry, antibacterial activity, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 10566.

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Determination of Phenolics and Flavonoids of Some Useful Medicinal Plants and Bioassay-Guided Fractionation Substances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst Stem (Bark) Extract and Their Efficacy Against Salmonella typhi

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.670530 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Salihu Abdallah ◽

Muskhazli Mustafa ◽

Meenakshii A/P. Nallappan ◽

Sangho Choi ◽

Jin-Hyub Paik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Sclerocarya Birrea ◽

Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽

Stem Bark Extract ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Gallic acid and catechin are the most abundant phenolic and flavonoid contents found in all plant extracts. The contents and the bioassay-guided fractionating substances of the Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) fraction played vital roles. The goals of the study were to determine the contents of some useful medicinal plants and the bioassay-guided fractionation substances of S. birrea fraction compounds capable of acting against Salmonella isolate using LC-MS/LC-HRMS (Dionex ultimate 3000 RS UPLC with Thermo Scientific Q Exactive Orbitrap Hybrid Tandem Mass Spectrometer). The Folin–Ciocalteu reagent procedure and flavonoid content determination were conducted spectrophotometrically. Bioassay-guided fractionation, chronological partitioning, and screening of the antibacterial action against Salmonella typhi were performed. The ethyl acetate fraction extracts of S. birrea stem (bark) extract were analyzed using LC-MS/LC-HRMS. The gallic acid content increased tremendously in Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H. Hurter and Mabb (Fabaceae) pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9958). Catechin content increase was significantly increased in S. birrea stem (bark) extracts followed by that of V. nilotica pod extracts with curve fitting (R2 = 0.9993); they were all significantly different in the Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. and the Leptadenia lanceolata (Poir.) Goyder leaves extracts at p value <0.0001. Subsequently, 10 mg/ml of S. birrea stem (bark) ethyl acetate fraction extract was the MIC, where no MBC was recorded and susceptible to the positive control with the highest inhibition zone, followed by the ethyl acetate fraction extract at 10 mg/ml (9.7 ± 0.0) at Turkey’s p < 0.0001. Vidarabine is one of the novel compounds, specifically having antimicrobial actions, found in the S. birrea stem (bark). Reasonable amounts of phenolic and flavonoid contents determined the actions of the individual plant extract.

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Comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of partitioned fractions of the stem-bark of ceiba pentandra (bombacaceae)

Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1703925 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 004-008

Author(s):

Njinga N. S. ◽

Sule M. I. ◽

Pateh U. U. ◽

Hassan H. S. ◽

Ache R. N. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Wide Spectrum ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽

Butanol Extract ◽

Ceiba Pentandra ◽

Zones Of Inhibition

AbstractDue to the emergence of more and more drug resistance bacteria and the reported antibacterial activity of Ceiba pentandra, the antimicrobial activity of the partitioned ethyl-acetate and n-butanol fractions of the stem-bark of this plant were carried out on the following clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus pyrogenes; corynebacterium ulcereans; Escherichia coli; Salmonella typhi; Shigella dysenterea; Enterococcus aerogenes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; klebsiella pneumonia and the fungi Trichophytom rubrum, Microsporum sp., Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Agar diffusion and broth delusion methods were used in this study. The ethyl acetate fraction showed wide spectrum antibacteria activity (with zones of inhibition between 27mm and 37mm) while the n-butanol extract showed activity only against the gram negative bacteria (zones of inhibition between 20mm and 21mm). The MIC ranged from 0.65 to 2.5 mg/ml and 2.5 to 5 mg/ml and MBC ranged from 2.5 mg/ml and 5 – 10 mg/ml for the ethylacetate and n-butanol respectively. Both fractions showed no activity against the fungi used in this study. The preliminary phytochemistry of the ethyl acetate showed the presence of only flavonoid and this may explain the activity against all the bacteria. The n-butanol showed the presence of carbohydrates, saponins, tannins and cardiac glycoside and the absence of flavonoid and alkaloids. This study justifies the use of this plant in herbal medicine.

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Isolation, characterization and biological properties of betulin from Entada africana Guill. and Perr. (Mimosaceae).

Journal of Applied and Advanced Research ◽

10.21839/jaar.2018.v3i2.138 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 28 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. Kwaji ◽

H. M. Adamu ◽

I. Y. Chindo ◽

R. Atiko

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Gradient Elution ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Pure Compound ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Isolated Compound

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Isolation and Identification of DPPH Radical (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrylhidrazyl) Scavenging Active Compound in Ethyl acetat fraction of Piper acre Blume

Majalah Obat Tradisional ◽

10.22146/mot.48173 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 204

Author(s):

Hifdzur Rashif Rijai ◽

Nanang Fakhrudin ◽

Subagus Wahyuono

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Active Compound ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Structure Identification ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

The People ◽

Ic50 Value ◽

Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

Piper acre Blume, known as Black Betel (local name), is a plant that is widely used by the people of East Kalimantan, especially in Samarinda, for the treatment of illness. Leaves (3-4 months old) are collected from Samarinda, extracted, fractionated, and monitored by DPPH antiradical activity. The isolation of the Piper acre Blume is performed on the active fraction, and the structure identification is based on spectroscopic data of the compound. The leaves were dried, pulverized, and macerated with MeOH. Dried MeOH extract was obtained upon evaporation of the solvent. The extract was then fractionated by vacuum liquid chromatography (vlc), eluted gradually by solvents having different polarities (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The fractions obtained were monitored using TLC [n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3: 1 v/v)] that was visualized by UV254 nm, UV366 nm and DPPH. The isolation was performed by preparative TLC [SiO2, n-hexane: ethyl acetate (3: 1)] on ethyl acetate fraction that showed the highest DPPH antiradical value. A single compound was obtained, and it appeared as a round spot and pure according to TLC performances at 3 different solvent systems. The isolated Piper acre Blume compound displayed the IC50 value on the anti-radical DPPH (measured at λ 520 nm) as 10.41µg/mL. The IR spectrum (KBr) showed –OH band (3450 cm-1), aliphatic bands [alkene, 3010 cm-1; alkana 2900 cm-1), an aromatic overtone bands (1900-200 cm-1) and a strong C=O band (1725 cm-1). The NMR (1H- and 13C-) (mono and 2D) indicated the present of a p-di-substituted aromatic signals (δ, 7.54 and 7.52, d, J =6 Hz, 1 H each), 2 methyl (δ, 0.96, d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6 Hs), a triplet signal (δ, 4.22 ppm). Other signals of CH- and CH2 were shown as m signals at δ, 1.64 and 1.34 ppm. Based on those data, the compound was identified as isoamyl p-OH benzoate that is grouped as parabens used as a preservative in the pharmaceutical preparations. In conclusion, the anti-radical (DPPH) active compound present in the leaves of Piper acre Blume is identified as isoamyl p-OH benzoate, having IC50 value anti-radical DPPH 10,41µg/mL.

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Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of different fractions of root part of Ipomea Turpethum

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v17i1.35288 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 93-97

Author(s):

Tehmina Sohail ◽

Sadia Ferheen ◽

Hina Imran ◽

Zahra Yaqeen ◽

Atiq Ur Rehman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Medical Science ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Zone Of Inhibition ◽

Antibacterial Screening

Objective: In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of years .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions.Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi. The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides.Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms.Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.93-97

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF XANTHONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE STEAM BARK OF Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq

ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia ◽

10.20961/alchemy.13.2.4346.250-261 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 250 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muharni Muharni ◽

Elfita Elfita ◽

Emil Pertiwi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Separation And Purification ◽

Chromatography Method ◽

Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽

Isolated Compound

A compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark Garcinia picrorrhiza. The extraction was conducted by maseration. Separation and purification were done by chromatography method. The structure of compound was established using UV, IR, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacteria activity of the isolated compound was tested by paper disk difusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value was determined by using well difusion method examined against bacteria Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus. The isolated compound was a yellow solids (43.8 mg) with melting point 171 – 172 oC. Based on spectroscopy data compared with data from the literature, the isolated compound is a known compound of oxygenated xanthone group with structure 1,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(3methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone. The compound exhibited an antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis only with MIC of 62.5 µg/mL.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI n-HEKSAN, KLOROFORM, ETIL ASETAT BUNGA KAMBOJA (Plumeria alba) TERHADAP BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Salmonella typhi

KOVALEN ◽

10.22487/kovalen.2019.v5.i2.12572 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 173-181

Author(s):

Ni nyoman Rupiniasih ◽

Indriani ◽

Syamsuddin ◽

Abdul Rahman Razak

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Chloroform Fraction ◽

Test Results ◽

Flower Extract

Tests on the inhibition extract of n-hexane fraction, extract of chloroform fraction and extract of ethyl acetate fraction of frangipani flower (Plumeria alba) on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi has been done. This study aims to determine the activity of frangipani flower extract on the growth of S. aureus and S. typhi bacteria. Frangipani flowers was macerated using methanol solvents. The obtained methanol extract was partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate solvents, respectively. The three extracts were tested for antibacterial activity at a concentration of 10% using the diffusion well method. The test results showed that the n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed an inhibition zone of 9.77 mm, 20.89 mm and 19.44 against S. aureus whereas S. typhi showed an inhibition zone of 15.86 mm, 27.69 mm and 21.74 mm. Keywords: Antibacterial, extract of frangipani flower, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi.

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Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2020/1975904 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Resmi Mustarichie ◽

Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽

Dudi Runadi

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Propionibacterium Acnes ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Active Fraction ◽

Cassava Leaves ◽

Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

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