scholarly journals Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of different fractions of root part of Ipomea Turpethum

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Tehmina Sohail ◽  
Sadia Ferheen ◽  
Hina Imran ◽  
Zahra Yaqeen ◽  
Atiq Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Antibacterial Screening

Objective: In folk medicines, different herbs and plants have been used for many thousands of years .Now it is important to investigate these plants and herbs scientifically which have been used in traditional medicines. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of root of Ipomea turpethum extracted in methanol and its fractions.Methods: The methanol extract was further extracted with three solvents ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane and analyzed for their antibacterial activity using by agar well diffusion method. They were tested against six bacteria; Echrichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidus, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas auroginosa and Salmonella typhi. The susceptibility of microorganisms to all three fractions was compared with each other and with standard antibotic (Ampicillin). The fractions of Ipomea turpethum was also qualitatively analyzed for the presence of chemical components, i.e. saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and glycosides.Result: Among all fractions methanol exhibited highest antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 23.53mm ± 1.3) while ethyl acetate exhibited least antibacterial activity (average zone of inhibition 18.50mm ± 3.5). Minimum inhibitory concentration of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and hexane fractions was found in the range of 650ug/ml to 2500ugl/ml against microorganisms.Conclusion: Results obtained from this preliminary in-vitro experiment indicate that, all three fractions of Ipomea turpethum has good antibacterial activity against all microorganisms used. By phytochemical analysis of extract, it has been found to contain some nutrient and chemical components which support its ethenomedicinal use but further work is required for development of new antibiotic compounds.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.93-97

Phytochemical analysis and in vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial activity of the Chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik (Malvaceae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 4719-4726
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Divya ◽  
Subramanian Arivoli ◽  
Samuel Tennyson
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Medicinal plants are of great significance and global importance as antioxidants and antibacterial agents. In the present investigation the chloroform leaf extract of Abelmoschus manihot was screened for its phytochemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Flavonoids, phenolics, tannins and vitamins were the phytochemical constituents present. GC-MS analysis revealed ten major phytocompounds. In vitro antioxidant assay via DPPH exhibited an IC50 value of 234.7±37.53mg/mL, and its activity could be ascribed due to the presence of the phytocompound α-tocopherol. The antimicrobial activity represented by the zone of inhibition via disc diffusion method, observed no activity against the fungal strains, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli exhibited 12 to 14mm zone of inhibition at concentrations 100-500µg, which can be attributed due to the presence of flavonoids. The above results suggests that antioxidant and antibacterial activity exhibited by the chloroform leaf extract of this plant was attributed to the presence of the phytochemicals, especially phenolics and flavonoids. Further in depth studies on the phytochemical constituents of this chloroform leaf extract is recommended, as this extract could serve as an additional implement to natural antioxidant and antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF IPOMOEA INDICA PLANT LEAF EXTRACTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Seenu Yuvarani ◽  
Selvam .
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plant Leaves ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Leaf

Objective: The objective of this study was to phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of the Ipomoea indica plant leaves extracts.Methods: The crude powder of the plant leaf samples of I. indica was extracted using methanol and aqueous solvents and subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis. The antibacterial activity of the aqueous and methanol extracts was tested at different for concentrations. The extract was tested against bacterial strains like Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella typhi, and Escherichia coli.Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycoside, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in the solvent extract. The antibacterial activity was performed by using the disc diffusion method, where the largest zone of inhibition was obtained with aqueous extract 75µ concentration against Salmonella typhi (26 mm). The antibacterial activity was compared with the standard antibiotics like Streptomycin.Conclusion: This study suggests that the aqueous extract of the I. indica leaves possesses bioactive compounds with antibacterial activity against the bacterial strains, which can be used to formulate new antibacterial drugs for disease control.

scholarly journals Study on antibacterial activity of Calotropis procera

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muzammal
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Mic Value

Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i.e. Salmonella typhi and E.coli. The analysis of antimicrobial activity of aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extract of leaves and flower of Calotropis procera was carried out in disc method and also determined MIC value at 600nm through optical density using spectrophotometer. The zone of inhibition produced by extracts was examined and compares it with zone produced by antibiotics. The effect exhibited by ethanolic extract of leaves and flower was significantly greater than the aqueous and methanolic extract of leaves and flower. Crude extracts i.e. latex, leaves, fruit and flower crude extracts. Among them, flower crude extracts shows similar zone of inhibition to test anitibiotics.while in MIC value, we made different concentration of extracts and antibiotics.i.e for crude we made 25%, 50%.75% and 100% concentration of crude juice and for the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic we made 0.5mg/mL,1mg/mL,2mg/mL,3mg/mL,4mg/mL, 5mg/mL and 6mg/mL in Dimethyl salfoxide, and same antibiotics concentration. Aqueous leaves extracts show MIC at 0.5mg/ml against E.coli while against Salmonella it shows MIC at 1mg/ml... We also determine phytochemical analysis for presences of different compounds in crude extracts. The obtained results provide a support for the use of Calotropis procera, in traditional medicine and suggest its further advance investigation.

scholarly journals Studies on effects of different solvent extracted samples of O. sanctum (Basil) stem on the growth of S. typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Kumari ◽  
Vinod Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Minimum Zone

Typhoid is a problematic fever, caused by Salmonella typhi. Present investigation is based upon studies of antibacterial effects of different solvent extracted samples of O. sanctum stem on growth of S. typhi. The crude extracts of stem of O. sanctum were prepared from three different solvents such as methanol, ethyl acetate and hot water. Four different concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and100%) were prepared from each one of the solvent extracted sample. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antibacterial activity of different solvent extracted samples of O. sanctum stem. Analysis of data indicates that a metabolic extract of O. sanctum stem shows maximum zone of inhibition and it was of 26mm at 100% concentration and minimum zone of inhibition was of 19mm at 50% concentration. Ethyl acetate extract of O. sanctum stem shows maximum zone of inhibition and it was of 29mm at 100% concentration and minimum was of 14mm at 25% concentration. Hot water extract of O. sanctum stem shows maximum zone of inhibition and it was of 28mm at 100% concentration and minimum zone of inhibition was of 12mm at 25% concentration. This study indicates that ethyl acetate extract of O. sanctum stem is more effective against S. typhi as compared to methanol and hot water extracted solvent. Contrary to the antibiotics or synthetic medicine associated with many side effects, this plant part can be used as a herbal medicines against Salmonella typhi infection.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM. LEAVES AND SEEDS EXTRACT ON STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 276-284
Author(s):  
Garga M. A. ◽  
Manga S. B. ◽  
Rabah A.B. ◽  
Tahir H. ◽  
Abdullahi M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial effect and identify the phytochemical constituents of Moringa oleifera leaves and seeds extract on Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates using agar well diffusion method. The samples were collected from the premises of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto. The Seeds and Leaves were collected fresh. They were extracted using methanol and ethyl acetate. Various concentrations from 100mg/ml to 500mg/ml were prepared. The test bacteria used is Staphylococcus aureus obtained from Microbiology laboratory of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University. The bacteria were re-identified using biochemical tests. The bacterial inoculums were standardized to McFarland scale 0.5. Zone of inhibition were read after 24 hours of incubation at 370C.The results of the antibacterial study revealed that the methanolic leaves extracts at 500 mg/ml had effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 20mm. The methanolic seed extract have effect on S. aureus with zone of inhibition of 19.5mm. The MIC for the leave and seed extracts for Staphylococcus aureus was 250mg/ml. The MBC was 500mg/ml. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoid, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, and glycosides but anthraquinone and steroids were absent in the extracts. The zones of inhibition showed that both the methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts at 500mg/ml were active to all the tested bacteria. ANOVA and Duncan Multiple Mean Range test was used to analyze the data. Based on Duncan’s grouping, there is significant difference between the solvents and the concentrations used.

scholarly journals Giloy (Tinospora Cordifolia): In Vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsa Devi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hot Water Extract ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Antibiotic resistance has become a global concern and hence, the search for other source of antimicrobials initiated to find a way to control infections in future. The main objective of this paper is to screen Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) for its antibacterial activity. The stem of Tinospora cordifolia is used to prepare extract for determining it’s in vitro antibacterial activity as per the agar well diffusion method. In the agar well diffusion method 100μl of 24 hr broth culture of bacteria was aseptically and evenly swabbed on Mueller Hinton agar plates. Wells of about 8 mm diameter were aseptically cut using sterile cork-borer. 100 μl of plant extracts of different concentrations were then placed into the separate wells. The plates were incubated at 37 oC for 24hr. Antimicrobial activity of the giloy was determined by measuring the diameter of zone of inhibition. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 11, 9 and 5 mm zone of inhibition in S. aureus cultures by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively while hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 14, 12, 10 and 8 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the cold extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 10, 8, 5 and 0 mm zone of inhibition for S. aureus by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The methanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia indicated 12, 10, 6 and 4 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively and the hot water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 16, 14, 12 and 10 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25mg/ml concentration, respectively. The cold water extract of Tinospora cordifolia showed 13, 10, 8, and 5 mm zone of inhibition in cultures of E.coli by using 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/ml concentration, respectively. It has been observed that Tinospora cordifolia showed very promising results as indicated by the zone of inhibition of bacterial culture through agar well diffusion method that varies from few mm to few cm. This study indicates the in-vitro antibacterial effect of Giloy which needs further validation through in-vivo studies.

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Nuri Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CYNODON DACTYLON (L.) PERS. LEAF EXTRACTS. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY BY ZONE OF INHIBITION ESTIMATION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
S. M Pawaskar ◽  
◽  
K. C. Sasangan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity

The present study was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial activity of the successive leaf extracts of Cynodon dactylon in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, acetone, ethanol, methanol and water, against various gram positive & gram negative bacterial strains using zone of inhibition. Both Agar well diffusion method & Agar disc diffusion method were used to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy. The microorganisms used in the test were – Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Salmonella paratyphi B, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Vibrio cholerac and Enterobacter aerogenes. Two fungal strains - Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were also tested to evaluate the antifungal potential of the said plant extract. The reference antibiotics chloramphenicol & ampicillin (antibacterial); nystatin & clotrimazole and (antifungal) were also tested against these standard microorganisms used in the assay and the results were compared with that of the plant extracts.The results of the study revealed that all the seven successive extracts of the leaf powder of Cynodon dactylon ( L.) Pers. exhibited prominent antimicrobial and antifungal activity against all microorganisms used in the study. The nonpolar extracts i.e. petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and acetone showed the most significant antibacterial and antifungal activity against all tested organisms. The petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showing maximum inhibition in the range of 8 mm - 15 mm. This was closely followed by, acetone extract, which showed the inhibition in the range of 9 mm - 13 mm.

scholarly journals Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of Cephradine Benzoate

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
M Ahmad ◽  
M Rahman ◽  
P Kumar Paul
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Group B

Aims & Methods: The present study was undertaken to compare the antibacterial activity of a cephradine derivative with that of the parent antibiotic cephradine. Cephradine was converted to its benzoyl derivative by Schotten-Baumann method for the first time. Disc diffusion method was employed to find out the antibacterial activity against EPEC, ETEC, E. Agg, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella group B, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella dysenteriae 2, Shigella flexinariae and Shigella sonnei. Melting point, TLC, HPLC, UV, FTIR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR studies were carried out to check the purity and confirm that the derivative was cephradine benzoate. Results: The benzoyl derivative showed promising activity against tested bacteria. The results obtained from the study demonstrate that the benzoyl derivative could be a potential antibacterial agent. Key words: Cephradine benzoate, antibacterial activity, disc diffusion method.   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.3329/bjms.v10i3.8356 BJMS 2011; 10(3): 148-151

scholarly journals In Vitro Assessment of the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Chitosan from Scylla serrata Against the Human Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeetha B ◽  
Indra V ◽  
Abdul Rahim M ◽  
Venkadachalam E
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Scylla Serrata ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Chitosan, a polysaccharide derivative of chitin forms the structural components in the exoskeletons of crustacean animals and is also found in the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan is produced primarily from the crab shell waste through chemical means. The chemical structure of chitosan has been identified and characterized by FT-IR and XRD. In the current study, the antimicrobial activity of chemically deacetylated chitosan extracts of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) was evaluated against five human pathogenic isolates viz. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar disc diffusion method. These were performed to determine the crystallinity and functional properties of chitosan. The results showed that the antibacterial effect increased with increasing chitosan concentration. This study showed that chitosan isolated from crab shell has potential antibacterial activity therefore it can be utilized in the food and pharmaceutical industries, and that antibacterial activity may be due to functional groups present in the crab shell.

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