scholarly journals Onion cultivation approach by custom-made outdoor hydroponics: A very first attempt in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Irani Khatun ◽  
Saydul Karim ◽  
Subroto K Das ◽  
Riyad Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Treatments

Onion is one of the most important economic crops in the world for growing, trading and consuming. But its production rate is lower in Bangladesh due to insufficient farmlands and alternative production systems. So, onion cultivation hydroponically would be a potential consideration in Bangladesh. In this experiment, onions were grown in custom-made outdoor hydroponics using ground water of Barishal, Kirtankhola River water and deionized water as treatments to check their performances for future use. Ground water demonstrated best performances and the average yields of ground water were more than half of land based yields. Besides, only plant growth was normal in ground water treatments throughout the experiment. Finally, the authors concluded that onion production is possible hydroponically in Bangladesh and to minimize the need of commercial fertilizers; the ground water of Barishal is recommended.

Hydrolysis Dynamics of Diquat in Aquatic Environment

2014 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 1079-1083
Author(s):  
Juan Ying Peng ◽  
Ren Bin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Activation Entropy ◽  
First Order ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Rates ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The hydrolysis of diquat in deionized water, river water, and ground water were studied by incubation at 25°C and hydrolysis of diquat at different temperature (10°C, 25°C, and 35°C) in pH9 were investigated in the paper. The degradation was followed by GC. The experimental results indicated that the kinetics process of diquat can be described by the first-order reaction law, the hydrolysis rates of diquat in deionized water, river water, and ground water were almost the same; the pH was a critical factor of the rate of the degradation of diquat in aqueous solutions,diquat was stable in acid water and neutral water, but its hydrolysis easily took place in basic water; the higher temperture was helpful for the hydrolysis process during the range from 283k to 308k in basic water, the activation energy of hydrolysis for diquat was 25.89kJ/mol, activation entropy was –191.81 J/mol.K, and the temperature coefficient was 1.52.

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF GENETIC DISTRIBUTED FUZZY CONTROLLERS FOR MULTI-PART-TYPE PRODUCTION LINE

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
SEYED MAHDI HOMAYOUNI ◽  
TANG SAI HONG ◽  
NAPSIAH ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
Production Line ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Part Type ◽  
High Penalty ◽  
Single Part

Genetic distributed fuzzy (GDF) controllers are proposed for multi-part-type production line. These production systems can produce more than one part type. For these systems, "production rate" and "priority of production" for each part type is determined by production controllers. The GDF controllers have already been applied to single-part-type production systems. The methodology is illustrated and evaluated using a two-part-type production line. For these controllers, genetic algorithm (GA) is used to tune the membership functions (MFs) of GDF. The objective function of the GDF controllers minimizes the surplus level in production line. The results show that GDF controllers can improve the performance of production systems. GDF controllers show their abilities in reducing the backlog level. In production systems in which the backlog has a high penalty or is not allowed, the implementation of GDF controllers is advisable.

scholarly journals Revisiting Sulphur—The Once Neglected Nutrient: It’s Roles in Plant Growth, Metabolism, Stress Tolerance and Crop Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 626
Author(s):  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Anyi Dong ◽  
Huijun Duan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Sulphur Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Processes

Sulphur plays crucial roles in plant growth and development, with its functions ranging from being a structural constituent of macro-biomolecules to modulating several physiological processes and tolerance to abiotic stresses. In spite of these numerous sulphur roles being well acknowledged, agriculture has paid scant regard for sulphur nutrition, until only recently. Serious problems related to soil sulphur deficiencies have emerged and the intensification of food, fiber, and animal production is escalating to feed the ever-increasing human population. In the wake of huge demand for high quality cereal and vegetable diets, sulphur can play a key role in augmenting the production, productivity, and quality of crops. Additionally, in light of the emerging problems of soil fertility exhaustion and climate change-exacerbated environmental stresses, sulphur assumes special importance in crop production, particularly under intensively cropped areas. Here, citing several relevant examples, we highlight, in addition to its plant biological and metabolism functions, how sulphur can significantly enhance crop productivity and quality, as well as acclimation to abiotic stresses. By this appraisal, we also aim to stimulate readers interests in crop sulphur research by providing priorities for future pursuance, including bettering our understanding of the molecular processes and dynamics of sulphur availability and utilization in plants, dissecting the role of soil rhizospherical microbes in plant sulphur transformations, enhancing plant phenotyping and diagnosis for nutrient deficiencies, and matching site-specific crop sulphur demands with fertilizer amendments in order to reduce nutrient use inefficiencies in both crop and livestock production systems. This will facilitate the proper utilization of sulphur in crop production and eventually enhance sustainable and environmentally friend food production.

scholarly journals Advances in apple culture worldwide

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (spe1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Fire Blight ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Replant Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Production ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Dwarfing Rootstocks

Over the last 60 years, planting densities for apple have increased as improved management systems have been developed. Dwarfing rootstocks have been the key to the dramatic changes in tree size, spacing and early production. The Malling series of dwarfing rootstocks (M.9 and M.26) have been the most important dwarfing rootstocks in the world but are poorly adapted in some areas of the world and they are susceptible to the bacterial disease fire blight and the soil disease complex, apple replant disease which limits their uses in some areas. Rootstock breeding programs in several parts of the world are developing improved rootstocks with resistance to fire blight, and replant disease, and improved cold hardiness and yield efficiency. A second important trend has been the increasing importance of new cultivars. New cultivars have provided opportunities for higher prices until they are over-produced. A new trend is the "variety club" in which variety owners manage the production and marketing of a new unique cultivar to bring higher prices to the growers and variety owners. This has led to many fruit growers being unable to plant or grow some new cultivars. Important rootstock and cultivar genes have been mapped and can be used in marker assisted selection of future rootstock and cultivar selections. Other important improvements in apple culture include the development of pre-formed trees, the development of minimal pruning strategies and limb angle bending which have also contributed to the dramatic changes in early production in the 2nd-5th years after planting. Studies on light interception and distribution have led to improved tree forms with better fruit quality. Simple pruning strategies and labor positioning platform machines have resulted in partial mechanization of pruning which has reduced management costs. Improved plant growth regulators for thinning and the development of a thinning prediction model based on tree carbohydrate balance have improved the ability to produce the optimum fruit size and crop load. Other new plant growth regulators have also allowed control of shoot growth, control of preharvest fruit drop and control of fruit softening in storage after harvest. As we look to the future, there will be continued incremental improvement in our understanding of plant physiology that will lead to continued incremental improvements in orchard management but there is likely to be dramatic changes in orchard production systems through genomics research and genetic engineering. A greater understanding of the genetic control of dwarfing, precocity, rooting, vegetative growth, flowering, fruit growth and disease resistance which will lead to new varieties and rootstocks which are less expensive to grow and manage.

scholarly journals Exploiting Beneficial Pseudomonas spp. for Cannabis Production

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Balthazar ◽  
David L. Joly ◽  
Martin Filion
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Many

Among the oldest domesticated crops, cannabis plants (Cannabis sativa L., marijuana and hemp) have been used to produce food, fiber, and drugs for thousands of years. With the ongoing legalization of cannabis in several jurisdictions worldwide, a new high-value market is emerging for the supply of marijuana and hemp products. This creates unprecedented challenges to achieve better yields and environmental sustainability, while lowering production costs. In this review, we discuss the opportunities and challenges pertaining to the use of beneficial Pseudomonas spp. bacteria as crop inoculants to improve productivity. The prevalence and diversity of naturally occurring Pseudomonas strains within the cannabis microbiome is overviewed, followed by their potential mechanisms involved in plant growth promotion and tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Emphasis is placed on specific aspects relevant for hemp and marijuana crops in various production systems. Finally, factors likely to influence inoculant efficacy are provided, along with strategies to identify promising strains, overcome commercialization bottlenecks, and design adapted formulations. This work aims at supporting the development of the cannabis industry in a sustainable way, by exploiting the many beneficial attributes of Pseudomonas spp.

scholarly journals LOS ESPACIOS DE PRODUCCIÓN DE CAFÉ SUSTENTABLE EN MÉXICO EN LOS INICIOS DEL SIGLO XXI

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Pablo Pérez Akaki
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
The World

Este documento analiza los diferentes sistemas de producción cafetaleros que han cobrado importancia en el ámbito internacional a los que usualmente se les llama alternativos y sustentables, sin cuestionarse suficiente sobre el concepto mismo de sustentabilidad. Al revisar la evolución de estos sistemas a escala mundial, es claro que en ellos se presentan numerosas contradicciones que generan varias interrogantes sobre las bondades que anuncian. Además se analiza cómo estos han cobrado importancia en México y se realiza un esfuerzo de cuantificación de su importancia. Se presenta finalmente un caso que muestra que los sistemas alternativos son importantes, pero limitados para conseguir al menos la suficiencia económica que demandan los productores. ABSTRACT This document analyzes the different coffee production systems that have gained importance in the international sphere which are commonly referred to as alternative and sustainable, without sufficient questioning of the concept itself of sustainability. Upon reviewing the evolution of these systems at the world scale, it is clear that numerous contradictions are presented in them that generate various questions on the virtues they extol. The document also analyzes how they have acquired importance in Mexico and an effort is made to quantify the same. Finally, a case is presented that demonstrates that the alternative systems are significant but limited in their procurement of at least the economic sufficiency demanded by producers.

scholarly journals Hydrogeology of Brahmaputra Basin, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barendra Purkait
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
The South ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Brahmaputra Basin

The Ganga-Brahmaputra river system together forms one of the largest deltas in the world comprising some 59570 sq km. The waterpower resources of the Brahmaputra have been presumed to be the fourth biggest in the world being 19.83 x 103 m3s1. The entire lower portion of the Brahmaputra consists of a vast network of distributary channels, which are dry in the cold season but are inundated during monsoon. The catchment area of the entire river is about 580,000 sq km, out of which 195,000 sq km lies in India. The maximum discharge as measured at Pandu in 1962 was of the order of 72800 m3 s-1 while the minimum was 1750 m3 s-1 in 1968. The drainage pattern in the valley is of antecedent type while the yazoo drainage pattern is most significant over the composite flood plain to the south of the Brahmaputra. The Brahmaputra valley is covered by Recent alluvium throughout its stretch except a few isolated sedimentary hills in the upper Assam, inselbergs/bornhardt of gneissic hills in the Darrang, Kamrup and Goalpara districts and a few inlying patches of Older Alluvium in the Darrang and Goalpara districts. The basin is very unstable. The present configuration of the basin is the result of uplift and subsidence of the Precambrian crystalline landmasses. Four geotectonic provinces can be delineated in the N-E India through which the Brahmaputra flows. These are bounded by major tectonic lineaments such as the basement E-W trending Dauki fault, a NE-SW trending structural feature of imbricate thrusts known as 'belt of Schuppen' and the NW-SE trending Mishmi thrust. Hydrogeologically, the Brahmaputra basin can be divided into two distinct categories, viz(a) dissected alluvial plain and (b) the inselberg zone. The first category is rep resented in the flood plain extending from the south of Sub-Himalayan piedmont fan zone in the north to right upto the main rock promontory of Garo Hills and Shillong Plateau. The inselberg zone is characterized by fractured, jointed and weathered ancient crystalline rocks with interhill narrow valley plains, consisting of thin to occasionally thick piles of assorted sediments. From the subsurface lithological data, two broad groups of aquifers are identified. These are i) shallow water table and ii) deeper water table or confined ones, separated by a system of aquicludes. The shallow aquifer materials, in general, consist of white to greyish white, fine grained micaceous sand and the thickness ranges from 1.2 to 10.3 m. The sand and clay ratio varies from 1: 2.5 to 1:26. The bedrock occurs at depth ranges of 30.4 to 39.5 m. The materials of the deeper aquifers comprise grey to greyish white, fine to medium grained sand. The sand and clay ratio varies from 1:2 to 1:7. The effective size of the aquifer materials varies from 0.125 to 0.062 mm with uniformity co-efficient around 4.00, porosity 38 to 42%, co-efficient of permeability 304 to 390 galls per day/0.3m2. The ground water is mildly alkaline with pH value 6.5 to 8.5, chloride 10 to 40 ppm, bi-carbonate 50 to 350 ppm, iron content ranges from a fraction of a ppm to 50 ppm. Total dissolved solids are low, hardness as CaCo3 50 to 300 ppm, specific conductance at 25 °C 150 to 650 mhos/cm. The yield from shallow aquifers is 1440 litres to 33750 litres/hour and for deeper aquifers ~ 1700 litres/hour at a drawdown of 13.41 m, specific capacity 21 litres/minute. The temperatures of ground water are 23°-25° C during winter, 24°-26° C during pre-monsoon and 27°- 28° C during peak monsoon. The general hydraulic gradient in the north bank is 1:800 whereas in the south bank it is 1: 300-400 The Tertiary sediments yield a range of water from 200 to 300 l.p.m whereas the yield from the Older Alluvium is 500 to 700 1.p.m. The estimated transmissibility and co-efficient of storage is of the order of ~ 800 1.p.m/ m and 8.2 x 10-3 respectively. Depths to water levels range from 5.3 to 10m below land surface (b.l.s). In the Younger or Newer Alluvium, ground water occurs both under water table and confined conditions. Depths to water levels vary from ground level to 10 m b.l.s. Depth to water ranges from 6 m b.l.s. to 2 m above land surface. The yield of the deep tubewells ranges from 2 to 4 kl/minute for a drawdown of 3 m to 6 m. The transmissibility of the aquifers varies from 69 to 1600 l.p.m/m and the storage co-fficient is of the order of 3.52 x 10-2.

scholarly journals Reasons and consequences of river water pollution and their remediation: In context of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 023-024
Author(s):  
Jyoti Das ◽  
Nanda Karmaker ◽  
Ruhul A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Pollution ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
River Pollution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Water Borne ◽  
River Water Pollution

As the population grows and the uncontrolled industrialization, urbanization rises as well, it is high time we should give proper attention to the fact of river pollution in our country which is deploying harmful impacts both on human health and environmental, aquatic ecosystem. A plethora of studies have been done on different aspects of river water pollution. In this paper a thorough discussion regarding this fact has been presented compiling a number of important studies on it. Major causes behind this pollution have been mentioned widely, like improper management of industrial and sewage effluents. However, to detect this contamination in the major rivers of Bangladesh, various studies have been done to see the physicochemical properties of the water, such as pH, turbidity, color, odor, DO, TOD, COD, TSS, EC, dissolved metal, and other chemical and bacteriological substances etc. The microorganisms within the water are the prime sources to cause different water borne diseases like Diarrhea, Cholera, Scabies and Asthma. To find out the remedies to this problem, urgent emphasis should be given on preventive measures and to take appropriate steps to halt and improve the existing pollution of the rivers. A lot of water treatment systems are being practiced throughout the world to restore the health of the rivers as well as to reuse the waste water. Though the systems are not much popular in Bangladesh, the government should facilitates the practice of them extensively and strengthen the laws against environmental pollution.

Identification of Cationic Herbicides in Deionized Water, Municipal Tap Water, and River Water by Capillary Isotachophoresis/On-Line Raman Spectroscopy

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1394-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Walker ◽  
Jeremy M. Shaver ◽  
Michael D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Capillary Isotachophoresis ◽  
Raman Spectroscopic ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
On Line ◽  
Detection Window

Isotachophoresis (ITP), coupled with Raman spectroscopic detection, is used to separate and identify two cationic herbicides, paraquat and diquat, in spiked deionized water, municipal drinking water, and river water samples. On-line preconcentration is achieved with the use of field-amplified injection into a 0.03–0.1 M H2SO4 or Na2SO4 leading electrolyte solution, and isotachophoresis is achieved with the use of a 0.03–0.1 M tris(hydroxymethyl)—aminomethane (Tris) trailing electrolyte solution. The herbicides are concentrated to above 10−3 M at the detection window, allowing measurement of Raman spectra with 1-s integration windows. Spectra of the herbicides are obtained from solutions at initial concentrations in deionized water at 3.5 × 10−7 M (90 ppb) paraquat/5.8 × 10−8 M (20 ppb) diquat, from drinking water initially at 1.3 × 10−6 M (335 ppb) paraquat/1.0 × 10−6 M (360 ppb) diquat, and river water initially at 5.0 × 10−6 M (1.3 ppm) paraquat and 3.0 × 10−6 M (1.0 ppm) diquat. The utility of correlation to identify the presence of analytes and of factor analysis to recover spectra from solutions at low initial concentrations of the herbicides is demonstrated.

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