scholarly journals CORRELATION AND HERITABILITY ESTIMATION OF VARIOUS SEEDLING TRAITS IN BRASSICA NAPUS L. UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Asif Ali, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid, Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Ameer Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Seedling Traits ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Shoot Weight

Brassica napus L. contains edible oil ensuring safe limits for human health. But farmers prefer to use their fertile land for main crops and only marginal lands for oilseed. Those marginal lands usually face water scarcity and other a-biotic stresses that affect the normal growth and development of plant. Here we tested three levels of water deficit stress (control, medium and high) under controlled conditions. Seedlings were analyzed for various seedling traits to measure the relative effect of different levels water deficit stress. Graphical trends depicts that increasing level of water deficit stress causes declines in leaf area, root length, shoot length, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots. Correlation coefficients exposed positive significant correlation of fresh shoot weight with chlorophyll contents, relative water contents, leaf area and shoot length at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path coefficient analysis displayed high direct effects on fresh shoot weight were due to relative water content, root to shoot ratio. Chlorophyll contents, relative water content, leaf area, root length and shoot length showed high broad sense heritability (h2BS) coupled with high genetic advance (GA). These traits could be focused while breeding for water deficit conditions.

Relationships between physiological traits and productivity of sugarcane in response to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DE A. SILVA ◽  
J. L. JIFON ◽  
J. A. G. DA SILVA ◽  
C. M. DOS SANTOS ◽  
V. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content ◽  
Sugarcane Productivity ◽  
Response To Water

SUMMARYThe relationships between physiological variables and sugarcane productivity under water deficit conditions were investigated in field studies during 2005 and 2006 in Weslaco, Texas, USA. A total of 78 genotypes and two commercial varieties were studied, one of which was drought-tolerant (TCP93-4245) and the other drought-sensitive (TCP87-3388). All genotypes were subjected to two irrigation regimes: a control well-watered treatment (wet) and a moderate water-deficit stress (dry) treatment for a period of 90 days. Maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), estimated chlorophyll content (SPAD index), leaf temperature (LT), leaf relative water content (RWC) and productivity were measured. The productivity of all genotypes was, on average, affected negatively; however, certain genotypes did not suffer significant reduction. Under water deficit, the productivity of the genotypes was positively and significantly correlated with Fv/Fm, SPAD index and RWC, while LT had a negative correlation. These findings suggest that genotypes exhibiting traits of high RWC values, high chlorophyll contents and high photosynthetic radiation use efficiency under low moisture availability should be targeted for selection and variety development in programmes aimed at improving sugarcane for drought prone environments.

scholarly journals Methionine-induced regulation of growth, secondary metabolites and oxidative defense system in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants subjected to water deficit stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0259585
Author(s):  
Gull Mehak ◽  
Nudrat Aisha Akram ◽  
Muhammad Ashraf ◽  
Prashant Kaushik ◽  
Mohamed A. El-Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages

Optimum water availability at different growth stages is one the major prerequisites of best growth and yield production of plants. Exogenous application of plant growth regulators considered effective for normal functioning of plants under water-deficit conditions. A study was conducted to examine the influence of exogenously applied L-methionine on sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants grown under water-deficit conditions. Twenty-five-day old seedlings of four sunflower cultivars, FH331, FH572, FH652 and FH623 were exposed to control (100% F.C.) and drought stress (60% F.C.) conditions. After 30-day of drought stress, L-methionine (Met; 20 mg/L) was applied as a foliar spray to control and drought stressed plants. Water deficit stress significantly reduced shoot fresh and dry weights shoot and root lengths, and chlorophyll a content in all four cultivars. While a significant increase was observed due to water deficiency in relative membrane permeability (RMP), malondialdehyde (MDA), total soluble proteins (TSP), total soluble sugars (TSS), ascorbic acid (AsA) and activity of peroxidase (POD). Although, exogenously applied Met was effective in decreasing RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents, it increased the shoot fresh weight, shoot length, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a/b ratio, proline contents and the activities of SOD, POD and CAT enzymes in all four cultivars under water deficit stress. No change in AsA and total phenolics was observed due to foliar-applied Met under water stress conditions. Of all sunflower cultivars, cv. FH-572 was the highest and cv. FH-652 the lowest of all four cultivars in shoot fresh and dry weights as well as shoot length under drought stress conditions. Overall, foliar applied L-methionine was effective in improving the drought stress tolerance of sunflower plants that was found to be positively associated with Met induced improved growth attributes and reduced RMP, MDA and H2O2 contents under water deficit conditions.

scholarly journals Trigonelline Accumulation in Leaves of Panicum virgatum Seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Schwartz ◽  
Andrew J. Wood ◽  
David J. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tallgrass Prairie ◽  
Panicum Virgatum ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Moisture Treatment ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Tallgrass Prairies ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Physiological Markers

Panicum virgatum is a dominant, native, perennial species found in the tallgrass prairie. In this study, we report the biosynthesis and accumulation of trigonelline (TRG) in leaves of P. virgatum in response to water-deficit stress. Once established, half of the seedlings underwent a drought stress treatment while the other half were watered daily (control). Relative water content (RWC) and trigonelline (TRG) concentrations were determined. RWC showed an interaction between moisture treatment and time, in which upland cultivars had the highest mean RWC compared with the lowland cultivars. The moisture treatments showed a significant difference in TRG concentration across all P. virgatum cultivars, which ranged from 0.5–31.8 μg/gFW−1. There was a divergence in TRG accumulation between upland and lowland cultivars in relation to RWC. This study is the first to report TRG accumulation in the grass P. virgatum, and to test for differences in TRG with respect to water-deficit stress among cultivars. The effect of soil moisture levels on cultivars may be important in making an informed selection and the response of P. virgatum and other dominant grasses should be considered as a potential filter in tallgrass prairies for restoration. Physiological markers such as TRG and RWC can aid in this decision making process.

Effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on yield and some physiological traits of millet (Panicum miliaceum) under water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Ahmadvand ◽  
Somayeh Hajinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Severe Water Stress

Piriformospora indica is one of the cultivable root-colonising endophytic fungi of the order Sebacinales, which efficiently promote plant growth, uptake of nutrients, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. indica on millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under water-stress conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement at Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran, during 2014 and 2015. The first factor was three levels of water-deficit stress, with irrigation after 60 mm (well-watered), 90 mm (mild stress) and 120 mm (severe stress) evaporation from pan class A. The second factor was two levels of fungus P. indica: inoculated and uninoculated. Results showed that water-deficit stress significantly decreased grain yield and yield components. Colonisation by P. indica significantly increased number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight, regardless of water supply. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain yield by 11.4% (year 1) and 19.72% (year 2) in well-watered conditions and by 35.34% (year 1) and 32.59% (year 2) under drought stress, compared with uninoculated plants. Maximum flag-leaf area (21.71 cm2) was achieved with well-watered conditions. Severe water stress decreased flag-leaf area by 53.36%. Flag-leaf area was increased by 18.64% by fungus inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Under drought conditions, inoculation with P. indica increased plant height by 27.07% and panicle length by 9.61%. Severe water stress caused a significant decrease in grain phosphorus concentration, by 42.42%, compared with the well-watered treatment. By contrast, grain nitrogen and protein contents were increased about 30.23% and 30.18%, respectively, with severe water stress. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain phosphorus by 24.22%, nitrogen by 7.47% and protein content by 7.54% compared with control. Water stress reduced leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, whereas P. indica inoculation enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by 27.18% under severe water stress. The results indicated the positive effect of P. indica on yield and physiological traits of millet in both well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

Genotypic differences in leaf area maintenance contribute to differences in recovery from water stress in soybean

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. A. Likoswe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dead Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Root Effects

Genotypic effects on leaf survival during water deficit stress and subsequent recovery were evaluated using soybean plants grown in tall cylinders in the glasshouse. An initial experiment sought to verify reported genotypic differences in leaf area maintenance under severe water deficit stress. A second experiment sought to test the hypothesis that these putative differences might affect recovery after stress was relieved. Two shoot genotypes, G2120 and cv. Valder, reported to have high and low leaf area retention, respectively, were used in both experiments. In order to preclude the possibility that the reported differences between G2120 and Valder were related to root rather than shoot traits, each shoot was grafted at the cotyledonary stage onto 2 non-self root genotypes, cv. Leichhardt and PI416937. Leichhardt has an apparently normal root, while PI416937 has been reported to be ‘extensively fibrous-rooted’. In the first experiment, water was withheld at the first trifoliolate leaf stage and the plants subjected to terminal water deficit stress. Consistent with the previous report, leaf area was maintained for longer into the stress by the G2120 shoots, with rapid loss of lower leaves not starting until c. 90% of plant-available water (PAW) had been depleted, compared with c. 80% for Valder. The Valder leaves also showed more ‘firing’ damage, with large patches of dead leaf tissue on the retained leaves. Also consistent with the previous report, leaf epidermal conductance to water vapour was lower in G2120 than in Valder. There were no apparent root effects. In the second experiment, water was again withheld at the first trifoliolate leaf stage, and treatments were re-watered when 80%, 85%, 90%, and 95% of the estimated PAW was extracted. Again, G2120 shoots showed better leaf area maintenance during the drying cycle, and less firing damage. When the plants were re-watered, the re-growth of G2120 generally exceeded that of Valder at all levels of PAW depletion. The differences in recovery between G2120 and Valder shoots were sufficient to have agronomic relevance, and confirmed the hypothesis that leaf area retention can affect recovery after severe water deficit stress. Root effects were relatively small. During the drying cycle, leaflet growth was marginally enhanced by Leichhardt relative to PI416937 roots. After re-watering, there was stronger recovery of plants with PI416937 roots, especially those with G2120 shoots. The basis of the differences between the root genotypes is not known but the stronger recovery of PI416937 may reflect its putative ‘extensively fibrous’ nature.

scholarly journals Water Relations of a Fragaria chiloensis and a F. virginiana Selection during and After Water Deficit Stress

1993 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Zhang ◽  
Douglas D. Archbold
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Subsequent Recovery ◽  
Fragaria Chiloensis ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
And Control ◽  
Selection Of

A comparative study was performed to elucidate changes in the water relations of Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch. `BSP14' (FC) and F. virginiana (L.) Duch. `NCC85-13V' (FV), grown in containers in a greenhouse, in response to imposed water deficit stress and subsequent recovery. At incipient wilting, a reduction in osmotic potential at full turgor (Ψπ100 of 0.42 MPa occurred in leaves of FC, while no change was found in FV. Leaf water potential (Ψ) isotherms revealed that as leaf Ψ and relative water content (RWC) declined, stressed FC plants maintained a higher turgor potential (ΨP) and lower osmotic potential (Ψπ) than nonstressed (control) plants, while there was no effect of drought stress on these relationships in the FV plants. From the isotherms, turgor loss was estimated to occur at a lower leaf Ψ and RWC in stressed FC plants than either in control FC plants or stressed and control FV plants. During a diurnal phase 36 hours after wilting, leaf Ψ, Ψπ and RWC of the FC selection were generally lower in stressed than in control plants, with differences ranging from 0.14 to 0.74 MPa, 0.28 to 0.47 MPa, and 1% to 8%, respectively. In the FV selection, Ψπ was 0.09 to 0.31 MPa lower in stressed than in control leaves, while the other characteristics were not affected. Leaf ΨP, of stressed FC plants was 0.09 to 0.27 MPa higher than controls during the dark period, but was similar during the day. When plants of both species were grown and stressed in the same container, FV plants wilted ≈4 days earlier than FC plants, and foliar Ψπ100 of FC was 0.35 MPa lower than that of FV at incipient wilting. The isothermal relationships between leaf Ψ and Ψπ100 indicated FC had a Ψπ100 ≈ 0.25 MPa lower than FV at a Ψ <1.5 MPa. This study provided evidence for greater osmotic adjustment in response to imposed water deficit stress in a selection of F. chiloensis than in one of F. virginiana.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SPRAYING MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PEACH TREES

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Irrigation Levels

To study the effect of rationalizing irrigation and mepiquat chloride foliar application on growth, productivity and fruit quality of Florida Brines peach trees grafted on Nimagard root stock and grown in sandy soil at a private orchard in El- Tahadi road, EL-Behara Governorate, Egypt. A trial in a split plot design has carried out through two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. Three drip irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60 % of ETc) were in the main plot and mepiquat chloride foliar application by three levels (without, 150 and 300 ppm) in sub plot and all trees had fertilized by recommended doses. Results indicated that shoot length (cm) and number of leaves/ shoot was not significantly affect by the three irrigation levels in both seasons. Reducing irrigation increased acidity of peach fruits and led to a significant reduction on leaf area (cm)2, total chlorophyll contents, yield, fruit weight, flesh weight, seed weight, TSS and total sugars but no significant difference between irrigation by 80 or 60 % from calculated ETc except with yield and seed weight in both studied seasons. Number of leaves/ shoot, yield either kg/tree or ton/feddan and fruit flesh thickness (cm) were not significantly affected by mepiquat chloride foliar application at all concentrations in both seasons. The highest fruit TSS and the lowest shoot length (cm), leaf length and width (cm), leaf area (cm2) and total fruit acidity were obtained from peach trees treated by mepiquat chloride foliar application at 300 ppm but by mepiquat chloride foliar application at150ppm achieved the highest increase in fruit weight (gr), flesh weight (gr) and fruit total sugars in both seasons. Additionally, the obtained data from the interaction between irrigation levels and mepiquat chloride foliar application showed that mepiquat chloride foliar application made the decrease in irrigation level gave no significantly reduction in shoot length, leaf length and width (cm), leaf area (cm2) especially with concentration 150 ppm and with 300 ppm on leaf total chlorophyll contents. However, this interaction failed to show a clear trend on others studied parameters in both seasons. In addition, peach leaf anatomy has affected by foliar application with mepiquat chloride at 150 ppm and 300 ppm where a prominent increase in thickness of lamina of leaf blade more than those of unsprayed ones (control) has found. Finally, irrigated peach trees by 60% of calculated ETc led to the highest water saving and gave the highest productivity of irrigation water where every used m3 water gave (4.83 & 5.33 kg peach fruits).

scholarly journals Endophyte-infection reduces leaf dehydration of ryegrass and tall fescue plants under moderate water deficit

2013 ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. He ◽  
J.-H B. Hatier ◽  
S.D. Card ◽  
C. Matthew
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Deep Root ◽  
Root Allocation ◽  
Relative Water

Drought stress is one of the limiting factors in perennial ryegrass growth and development. In order to investigate the drought responses among different cultivars and evaluate the role of fungal endophyte in modifying drought responses, a glasshouse experiment was conducted using ryegrass cultivars 'Alto' and 'Banquet II', and a Mediterranean tall fescue cultivar, 'Grasslands Flecha' as contrast with the two ryegrass cultivars. Under drought stress 'Flecha' had a higher stomatal conductance and transpiration rate than the two ryegrass cultivars, and also significantly greater deeproot allocation. Endophyte-infected plants exhibited reduced leaf dehydration under stress compared with endophyte-free plants. Under stress, endophyte-free plants displayed significantly lower relative water content and a more negative leaf water potential and osmotic potential than well-watered endophyte-free plants, whereas endophyte-infected plants displayed smaller and non-significant changes when subjected to water deficit stress. Endophyte-infected plants also had less deep-root allocation than endophyte-free plants. The results of this study increase understanding of the relationship between endophytes and their ryegrass or tall fescue hosts under drought stress. Keywords: deep-root allocation, Epichloë, gas exchange parameters, Neotyphodium, plant water relations, Lolium perenne

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Seedling Biomass and Physio-Chemical Characteristics in Different Species of Wheat Possessing the D Genome

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh ◽  
Mansoor Omidi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naghavi ◽  
Alireza Etminan ◽  
Ali Ashraf Mehrabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Seedling Biomass ◽  
Primary Yield ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Relative Water

Wild relatives of wheat serve as an extraordinary source of variability for breeding programs due to their capabilities to respond to various environmental stresses. Here, we investigated some species possessing a D genome (T. aestivum, Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa and Ae. cylindrica) in terms of relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (Gs), relative chlorophyll content, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximum primary yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fo), as well as shoot fresh and dry biomasses under control and water deficit conditions. Our results revealed that water deficit negatively affected all traits; shoot fresh weight, Gs and RWC showed the highest reduction compared to the control condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two PCs that accounted for 53.36% of the total variation in the water deficit conditions. Correlation analysis and PCA-based biplots showed that stress tolerance index (STI) is significantly associated with Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo under water stress conditions, suggesting that these are the best parameters to evaluate when screening for tolerant samples at the seedling stage. We identified 19 accessions from Ae. crassa and one from Ae. tauschii as the most tolerant samples. In conclusion, Ae. crassa might provide an ideal genetic resource for drought-tolerant wheat breeds.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Deficit Stress on Several Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Canola (Brassica napus L.) Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad HOSSEINI ◽  
Payman HASSIBI
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
Biological Yield

Water deficit stress considered as one of the most important limiting factors for oil seed canola (Brassica napus L.) growth and productivity in Iran. To evaluate the effects of water deficit stress on some qualitative and quantitative characteristics of canola cultivars, this experiment in a greenhouse trial carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications in Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz (Iran). Canola cultivars, including ‘Hyola 308’, ‘Hyola 401’ and ‘RGS 003’ as first factor, and the second one was three levels of water deficit stress, including stress at early stem elongation stage to early flowering (D1), early flowering stage to early emergence of sacs (D2), beginning of stem elongation stage to early emergence of sacs (D3) and normal irrigation (C, as check). Results showed that the interaction between water deficit stress and cultivars affected biological yield, seed oil yields and harvest index (p≤0.01), dry matter and economic yield (p≤0.05). Water deficit stress reduced grain oil yields. ‘Hyola 308’ under stress at beginning stem elongation stage to early flowering had the lowest oil yields (1.1 g plants-1) and ‘Hyola 401’ under non-stress conditions showed highest oil yields (4.3 g plants-1). The decrease of oil yields at the flowering stage to stem elongation stage was more than the other stages. In addition, water deficit stress reduced harvest index in the three stress levels due to reduced economic yield and reduced biological yield. Stress susceptibility index for ‘Hyola 401’ at the beginning of stem elongation stage to early emergence of sacs was 0.914 and the ‘Hyola 308’ showed 1.12 at the beginning of stem elongation stage to early emergence of sacs respectively, which it can implies that ‘Hyola 308’ is more sensitive than ‘Hyola 401’ to water deficit stress.

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