Factor Analysis of Construction Waste in Riyadh Metro Project, KSA

Development of the infrastructure is favorable for the growth and economy for any country; however, the issues to manage construction waste due originating from development exercises is a noteworthy reason for concern. The waste from construction contributes to negative repercussions on time, cost, productivity, and environment. Therefore, to reduce these negative and undesirable effects, a detailed review of waste generation and management must be provided. The significant construction waste causes were identified and grouped into seven clusters: construction management, design, construction material procurement, construction material handling, construction site condition, and external factor. A total of 150 questionnaire survey forms were distributed to professionals working on the Riyadh metro project, and only 118 questionnaire forms were received. The collected data from the questionnaire is analyzed using the average index and factor analysis. Analysis identified that ‘Design errors; ‘Accidents; ‘Damage during handling’; ‘Communication problems; ‘Frequent variation orders’ ; ‘Congestion of the site’ and ‘Damage caused by workers’; are highest significant causes in each category respectively. Furthermore, factor analysis was conducted through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) technique to the top fifteen (15) factors and found five factors responsible for the construction waste was identified such as management, workers issues, material related issues, improper handling, and design. The findings from this study are useful for policymakers to develop or/and enhance recommendations on construction waste generation to prevent problems in construction industries. The government or building industry should establish or strengthen regulations that regulates how construction materials should be disposed of.

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Factors Influencing Construction Waste Generation in Building Construction: Thailand’s Perspective

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11133638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 3638 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Chakkrit Luangcharoenrat ◽

Singh Intrachooto ◽

Vachara Peansupap ◽

Wandee Sutthinarakorn

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Construction Material ◽

Impact Factors ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Planning And Scheduling ◽

Construction Waste ◽

Construction Methods ◽

Significance Levels

Rapid growth in construction activities as a result of a growing population and urbanization in many parts of the world generates a large amount of waste from construction. To reduce and manage these wastes, a comprehensive understanding of the construction waste generation factors is needed. The purpose of this study is to identify the contributing factors of construction waste in Thailand’s construction industry. The causes of construction waste were identified through an extensive literature review. A total of 28 causes of construction waste were identified and grouped into the four categories: design and documentation, material and procurement, construction method and planning, and human resources. To determine the significant level of each factor, a structured questionnaire survey was carried out to gather information from contractors about causes of construction material waste. The results show that the categories contributing to construction waste ranks as design and documentation, human resources, construction methods and planning, and material and procurement, respectively. Meanwhile, factors from each category were also determined and ranked. Design change, inattentive working attitudes and behaviors, ineffective planning and scheduling, and material storage were among the highest impact factors on construction waste generation in each category. Identifying the significance levels of waste generation factors will help the industry’s stakeholders build suitable strategies to manage construction waste more effectively.

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Identification of Workplace Social Sustainability Indicators Related to Employee Ergonomics Perception in Indonesian Industry

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su131911069 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 11069

Author(s):

Chiuhsiang Joe Lin ◽

Remba Yanuar Efranto ◽

Melina Andriani Santoso

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Corporate Sustainability ◽

Social Sustainability ◽

Well Being ◽

Sustainability Indicators ◽

Musculoskeletal Health ◽

Five Factors ◽

The Government ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Standard Framework

Sustainability indicators have provided a breakthrough for companies to assess their performance in supporting corporate sustainability. There is no standard framework for these support-defining indicators to conduct a social sustainability performance assessment. There is a limitation of quantitative social sustainability indicators appropriate for performing ergonomic concept assessments. Ergonomics, as a field concerning people and their interactions with the environment, in particular, the workplace, can play a role in social sustainability, besides its conventional approach of workplace re-engineering. Three major areas of ergonomics were analyzed. The indicators were established based on a review of the literature and confirmed using a factor analysis that covered all major aspects of workplace ergonomics. The factor analysis aimed to reduce the complexity of workplace social sustainability indicators related to ergonomics. The final result integrated 73 indicators into 17 indicators based on three major areas of ergonomics. The findings showed that the best workplace social sustainability indicators were divided into five factors: employee well-being, safety concerns, workplace comfort, musculoskeletal health, and environmental concerns. It would be very beneficial for the industry and the government to support corporate social sustainability and the global sustainability index.

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The GAP Model of e-Government Service in Thailand e-Tourism

ECTI Transactions on Computer and Information Technology (ECTI-CIT) ◽

10.37936/ecti-cit.2020141.204409 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19

Author(s):

Sudarat Pongamponkaiwan ◽

Adisorn Leelasantitham

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽

Service Quality ◽

Confidence Level ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Chi Square ◽

Five Factors ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Actual Service ◽

The Government

The objectives of this research were to develop service quality factors for Thailand’s e-Tourism provided by the government. This was done using Thai tourists as the samples who have used Thailand’s e-Tourism service to find out service quality using a total of 385 samples and determining the confidence level at 95 percent. The tool used for data collection was a service quality questionnaire for Thailand’s e-Tourism provided by the government. The confidence level for the whole research effort was 0.856 and the confidence level for each question was in the range 0.824-0.926. The statistics used in the data analysis included confidence test, frequency distribution, percentage, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of dispersion, skewness, kurtosis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The results of the study showed that the exploratory factor analysis of the expectations and actual service received gave five factors (KMO = 0.789). Those indicators were not different from the theoretical models obtained from the confirmatory factor analysis. The five factors included 1) Tangibles, 2) Reliability, 3) Responsiveness, 4) Assurance, and 5) Empathy. The factors’ indicators are not different from the theoretical models. The researchers have modified the component of the second confirmatory factor analysis (S-CFA) model to check the construct validity of the scale after modifying the component and found Chi Square = 220.734, df = 165, P = 0.002, Chi Square/df = 1.338, GFI = 0.913, AGFI = 0.878, CFI = 0.980, (RMR) = 0.018, and RMSEA = 0.040. This indicates that expectation for service, and actual service received, which affect user satisfaction, can create users’ loyalty. This results in the analytical model for the service quality component for Thailand’s e-Tourism provided by the government matching the empirical data

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Energy Efficient Construction Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.678.35 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 678 ◽

pp. 35-49

Author(s):

Abhinandan R. Gupta ◽

S.K. Deshmukh

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Energy Use ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Thermal Resistivity ◽

The People ◽

Efficient Construction ◽

New Material ◽

The Government

History itself is the evident that from the years together the people moves to the region where they can satisfy their needs and wants with fewer efforts and more opportunities. This thought lead to accumulation of people in some areas resulting in urbanization. As this urban area contributes highly in nation’s economy even the government announce a far reaching program of investments in urban development. However, these urban agglomerations manifest generally unsustainable ecologies. The depletion of material resources, the accumulation of waste, and the over-expenditure of non-renewable energy are direct consequences of the predatory expansion of urbanization. Out of this the major contribution goes to construction industry as the data reveals that Construction is responsible for 40% of the total world flows of raw materials such as sand, gravel& clay. It takes one quarter of all virgin wood, 40% of energy use,16% of water withdrawals,& produces 17% of all waste generated. This problems can be tackle efficiently it the waste generated by industries can be reuse for the purpose of making construction material. With little logic and application of basic science the new material that can be made by mixing waste may prove energy efficient if its thermal resistivity is enhanced and utilized. The research over here is a paradigm of such two waste mix building component with high thermal resistive property. The paper is about the making and testing of waste mix tiles and filler blocks so as to find its efficiency in construction practices. The results obtained shows that by adopting such materials for construction purpose will reduce amount of operations energy consumption as well as reduce consumption of non – renewable resources and would help to utilize waste in fruitful way. The effort in this research are thus to find energy efficient construction material.

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Influence of labour arrangement on construction material waste generation

Structural Survey ◽

10.1108/ss-09-2012-0026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 76-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jeyaraja Jayamathan ◽

Raufdeen Rameezdeen

Keyword(s):

Organizational Commitment ◽

Construction Material ◽

Performance Standards ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Financial Benefit ◽

Observation Study ◽

Construction Waste ◽

Content Type ◽

Study Sites ◽

Attitudinal Changes

Purpose – Construction waste originates from various sources, generally from the inception of construction through to the completion of a building project. Previous research has shown that there is a link between the quantity of waste generated and the way labour is organized in the construction industry. However, these studies have failed to look into the sources of waste with respect to labour utilization and how it influences the generation of waste. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of labour arrangements on construction waste generation, particularly the sources of waste and the attitudes of workers. Design/methodology/approach – Using a combination of direct observations and source evaluations on six case study sites, the waste in direct and subcontracted labour (SL) arrangements was quantified. A questionnaire survey was administered to the workers participating in the observation study to elicit their attitudes to waste and closely linked issues. Findings – The results show that SL produced more waste than direct labour in all three work processes considered. A lack of organizational commitment and effective strategy emerged as the main problem in waste reduction. Practical implications – Subcontractors should be made responsible for their share of waste generated in a project. Main contractors should record who are “approved subcontractors” based on their performance at site which should include inter alia waste generation. The approved subcontractor method is a way of barring subcontractors from being included on future projects if they do not meet the performance standards of a main contractor. Originality/value – This study shows that waste generation has a relationship to organizational commitment and strategy rather than to workers’ attitudes. In order to manage construction waste effectively, it has to be considered in the financial equation of a project, because attitudinal changes are difficult to achieve unless there is a personal financial benefit attached to it.

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Fly Ash the Status of Resource-Oriented Utilization in Construction Material

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.628 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 753-755 ◽

pp. 628-631

Author(s):

Zhi Xin Yue ◽

Juan Nong Chen

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Resource Utilization ◽

Power Plants ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Status Quo ◽

Solid Wastes ◽

New Approaches ◽

The Status ◽

The Government

Fly ash is a large amount of solid wastes produced from power plants, use of its resources has always been a matter of the government and experts are concerned. Combining with the characteristics of the nature of the fly ash, introduces the fly ash resource utilization in construction materials using some new approaches and application of the status quo.

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Construction Waste Reduction through Application of Different Structural Systems for the Slab in a Commercial Building: A South Korean Case

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135870 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5870

Author(s):

Seunguk Na ◽

Seok-Jae Heo ◽

Sehee Han

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Waste Reduction ◽

Structural Systems ◽

Waste Generation ◽

Commercial Building ◽

Material Loss ◽

Construction Waste ◽

South Korean

Construction waste generation along with the extensive consumption of natural resources has propelled researchers to investigate effective measures for minimising the waste. While several studies have shown that the structural design would be an influencing factor on the carbon dioxide emissions of a building, there is a lack of studies to corroborate the effect of different structural systems to generate waste during the construction stage. This article seeks to bridge some of the knowledge gaps regarding the waste generation from different structural systems during the construction phase in a building project in South Korea and demonstrate its potential for waste reduction. In this study, the amount of waste generation during the construction phase was calculated based on the quantities and the material loss rate of each building material to estimate the quantity of construction waste by the changes in the application of different structural systems for the slab of the studied model. The total waste generation during the construction phase of the different slab systems shows that the solid slab system produces the largest amount of construction waste, which is 101,361.385 kg. On the other hand, the void slab system generates 87,603.958 kg of the construction waste, which is the lowest amount among the four variables of this study. The additional purchasing costs due to the loss of construction materials indicate that the solid slab system would require 80,709.76 USD, which is the highest value of the four variables in this study. The void slab system would cost USD 50,054.12 for additional materials purchasing costs, which is approximately 38% lower than the solid slab system.

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Promotion of the Application of BIM in China—A BIM-Based Model for Construction Material Recycling

Recycling ◽

10.3390/recycling6010016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 16

Author(s):

Kefei Zhang ◽

Jing Jia

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Construction Projects ◽

Construction Material ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Building Information Modelling ◽

Construction Waste ◽

Economic Problems ◽

Material Recycling ◽

Building Information ◽

Whole Life Cycle

The recovery rate of construction materials is only 5% in China, which will lead to environmental and economic problems. Researchers from other countries have recognized the potential of building information modelling (BIM) in optimizing construction material recycling. However, previous research did not take the whole life cycle into consideration and was not practical enough. In this research, a questionnaire was conducted to find out how construction waste is disposed of in construction projects. Then, the existing research results were analyzed to find out how to apply BIM in the whole-life-cycle disposal of construction materials. According to the results of the questionnaire, landfill is the most common way to dispose of construction materials in China; besides this, almost no construction projects use BIM in material recycling. Hence, a BIM-based dynamic recycling model is proposed. Information management of materials, demolition planning, and BIM were all combined in this model for the purpose of optimizing the application of BIM, thus developing a waste material disposal system to achieve higher recovery rates and sustainability. More positive measures should be taken to deal with the problem of construction waste; if not, more environmental and economic problems will follow.

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Housing Inflation: Policy Guidelines from Shariah Perspective

The Journal of Muamalat and Islamic Finance Research ◽

10.33102/jmifr.v16i1.209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 70-81

Author(s):

Azrul Azlan Iskandar Mirza ◽

Asmaddy Haris ◽

Ainulashikin Marzuki ◽

Ummi Salwa Ahmad Bustamam ◽

Hamdi Hakiem Mudasir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Housing Prices ◽

Construction Materials ◽

Housing Price ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Control Element ◽

Recent Issue ◽

Analysis Methodology ◽

The Government ◽

Developing And Developed Countries

The soaring housing prices in Malaysia is not a recent issue. It is a global phenomenon especially in developing and developed countries, driven by factors including land price, location, construction materials cost, demand, and speculation. This issue demands immediate attention as it affects the younger generation, most of whom could not afford to buy their own house. The government has taken many initiatives and introduced regulations to ensure that housing prices are within the affordable range. This article aims to introduce a housing price control element from the Shariah perspective, as an alternative solution for all parties involved in this issue. It adopts content analysis methodology on policy from Shariah approved sources.

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