Fluctuating Value Added Relationship of the Real Sectors to the Consumption Spending Movement: Evidences from Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Younus Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Foreign Products ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of

The subject of added value is of great importance to many economists because of its ability to calculate the output away from falling in the problem of duplication in the calculation of intermediate and semi-manufactured goods. Interest in this topic has increased recently, especially from Iraqi economists, and we seek in this research to A statement of the extent to which the added value was affected by consumer spending, as the research found a fluctuating, reciprocal and continuous relationship between the added value of economic activities and the consumer agreement movement, as well as the austerity policies produced by the Iraqi government after 2014 and many deductions from the salaries of employees and retirees have an impact on the agreement movement of consumers and added value For all sectors, while the research recommended the reconstruction, rehabilitation and operation of factories and companies in the form of a partnership between the state and the private sector, the truth is that the state started to apply the partnership in the industrial and service sector, but it raised its hand from supporting the national product by providing fuel at affordable prices and energy or communications and others in order to reduce costs and enhance Value added. Also, legislation should be in place to protect the product My country is extremely competitive with foreign products. Existing legislations are not sufficient to activate the customs tax on imports of foreign goods and services.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH TERHADAP PDRB KOTA MANADO

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacklien E. Sendow ◽  
Debby Ch. Rotinsulu ◽  
George M.V. Kawung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Direct Expenditure

ABSTRAK Pembangunan merupakan suatu rangkaian proses perubahan menuju keadaan yang lebih baik dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Salah satu indicator keberhasilan pembangunan diantaranya dilihat dari pertumbuhan ekonomi yang menunjukkan barang dan jasa yang dihasilkan suatu wilayah (Kurniawan, 2010). Dalam konteks wilayah, pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah pertambahan pendapatan masyarakat secara keseluruhan yang terjadi di wilayah tersebut, yaitu kenaikan seluruh nilai tambah (added value) yang terjadi (Tarigan, 2014). Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan masalah perekonomian dalam jangka panjang, dan merupakan fenomena penting yang dialami dunia belakangan ini.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Belanja Langsung dan Belanja Tidak Langsung terhadap PDRB Kota Manado. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Data sekunder yang diperoleh dari BPS Kota Manado tahun 2005 – 2015. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis kuantitatif dengan menggunakan model regresi liner berganda dimana memiliki 2 variabel X dan 1 variabel Y. Hasil Analisis diketahui bahwa Alokasi Belanja Langsung berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap PDRB. Belanja langsung mengalami kenaikan maka PDRB akan ikut meningkat. Berbeda dengan Alokasi Belanja Tidak Langsung berrpengaruh negative atau tidak signifikan terhadap PDRB Kota Manado. Karena Belanja Tidak Langsung di dikeluarkan untuk pembiayaan dalam program dan kegiatan perekonomian melainlkan sebagai penunjang dalam meningkatkan hubungan baik Kota Manado dengan Investor ataupun dengan Kabupaten Kota yang lain. Kata Kunci: PDRB, Belanja Langsung, Belanja Tidak Langsung ABSTRACT             Development is a series of process of change towards a better situation in an effort to improve the welfare of the community. One indicator of the success of development is seen from the economic growth that shows goods and services produced by a region (Kurniawan, 2010). In the context of the region, economic growth is an increase in overall income of the community that occurs in the region, namely the increase in the added value (added value) that occurs (Tarigan, 2014). The higher economic growth of a region shows the increasing economic activity in the region. Economic growth is an economic problem in the long term, and is an important phenomenon experienced by the world lately. The process of economic growth is called Modern Economic Growth. This study aims to determine the influence of direct expenditure and indirect expenditure on the PDRB of Manado City. The data used in this study is secondary data obtained from BPS Manado City in 2005 - 2015. The method of analysis used is quantitative analysis by using multiple linear regression model which has 2 variables X and 1 variable Y. The result of the analysis is known that Direct Expenditure Allocation has positive and significant effect to PDRB. The direct expenditure will increase and the PDRB will increase. In contrast to Indirect Cost Allocation has a negative or insignificant effect on PDRB of Manado City. Since Indirect Expenditure is issued for financing in programs and economic activities as a support to improve the good relationship of Manado City with Investor or with other Kota District. Keyword : PDRB, Direct Shopping, Indirect Shopping

scholarly journals The Place and Role of the Service Sector in Achieving Strategic National Goals A. Voloskov

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 78-98
Author(s):  
Aleksey B. Voloskov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

The article proposes to characterize the place and role of the service sector in the implementation of national goals of economic development for the period up to 2030, a method for determining a quantitative assessment of indicators of development of the service sector, based on the use of model tools based on the apparatus of the input-output table system. The current state of the service sector in the country is briefly described. The service sector in the article is understood as a set of types of services presented in the table of the use of goods and services in basic prices from the system of input-output tables for 2017. The article shows the place of certain types of services in the implementation of indicators of national goals of economic development. For experimental calculations based on the initial table of the use of goods and services at basic prices from the system of input-output tables for 2017, a worksheet was constructed in which some types of economic activities and products were aggregated into conditional sectors of the economy, and from some types were singled out some, directly involved in the implementation of national goals. Calculations according to the worksheet allowed us to quantify the impact of growth in the volume of services on the value of gross value added and the hypothetical values of investment resources required to achieve indicators of national goals.

scholarly journals SUPERIOR SECTOR ANALYSIS IN SOUTH TANGERANG AS DETERMINER OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY POLICY

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Sutanti Sutanti ◽  
Dwi Oktariani
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Real Estate Sector

The important thing for regions that have not been recently established such as South Tangerang City is sustainable economic growth. This study aims to identify and analyze the leading sectors in South Tangerang and to project the South Tangerang City Gross Domestic Product in 2017. The data used in the form of the total value added of goods and services resulting from all the economic activities of South Tangerang City and Banten Province economists based on constant prices in 2000. The analysis method uses the Location Quotient (LQ) model and Shift - Share analysis. Based on the Location Quotion (LQ) method, the base sector is nine sectors, namely (1) the Construction Sector; (2) The sector of large and retail trade, and repair of cars and motorbikes; (3) the sector of providing accommodation and drinking meals; (4) information and communication sector; (5) real estate sector; (6) company service sector; (7) educational services sector; (8) health services sector and social activities; (9) other service sectors. Overall, South Tangerang City has the most superior sector in the real-estate sector. It can be concluded that this sector has a competitive advantage and comparative advantage.

scholarly journals SUPERIOR SECTOR ANALYSIS IN SOUTH TANGERANG AS DETERMINER OF REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRIORITY POLICY

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Sutanti Sutanti ◽  
Dwi Oktariani
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Real Estate Sector

The important thing for regions that have not been recently established such as South Tangerang City is sustainable economic growth. This study aims to identify and analyze the leading sectors in South Tangerang and to project the South Tangerang City Gross Domestic Product in 2017. The data used in the form of the total value added of goods and services resulting from all the economic activities of South Tangerang City and Banten Province economists based on constant prices in 2000. The analysis method uses the Location Quotient (LQ) model and Shift - Share analysis. Based on the Location Quotion (LQ) method, the base sector is nine sectors, namely (1) the Construction Sector; (2) The sector of large and retail trade, and repair of cars and motorbikes; (3) the sector of providing accommodation and drinking meals; (4) information and communication sector; (5) real estate sector; (6) company service sector; (7) educational services sector; (8) health services sector and social activities; (9) other service sectors. Overall, South Tangerang City has the most superior sector in the real-estate sector. It can be concluded that this sector has a competitive advantage and comparative advantage.

scholarly journals Relação entre o valor adicionado das atividades econômicas e o produto interno bruto do Rio Grande do Norte

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 757-782
Author(s):  
Ruhama Bezerra Fernandes ◽  
Adilson de Lima Tavares ◽  
Yuri Gomes Paiva Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sense Data ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
The Difference

Resumo: Neste estudo teve-se por objetivo analisar a relação do valor adicionado das principais atividades econômicas (agropecuária, indústria, serviços e administração pública) relativamente ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) do Rio Grande do Norte, durante o período de 2010 a 2013. Nesse sentido, foram coletados dados relativos ao valor adicionado, ao PIB e à população no sítio do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), bem como referentes ao Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal (IFDM), por meio do sítio do Sistema Firjan. A amostra compreendeu 166 municípios, de uma totalidade de 167. Para a realização das análises, além da estatística descritiva, foi estimado um modelo de regressão por mínimos quadrados ordinários com dados dispostos em painel, tendo o PIB como variável dependente e as demais variáveis como independentes. Com base nos resultados encontrados, verifica-se que os valores adicionados pelas atividades econômicas apresentam relação positiva e estatisticamente significante, enquanto que as variáveis população e IFDM se relacionam de forma negativa, trazendo à tona questionamentos sobre a distribuição de renda, as políticas socioeconômicas relativas à transição demográfica e a diferença dos conceitos de crescimento e desenvolvimento econômico, corroborando para a hipótese de que o PIB não mede qualidade de vida. Por fim, a partir dos resultados mensurados, conclui-se que os valores adicionados pelas atividades econômicas do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte possuem relação estatisticamente significante com o PIB no período investigado.Palavras-chave: Produto Interno Bruto. Demonstração do Valor Adicionado. Rio Grande do Norte. Relationship between the added value of the economic activities and the Gross Domestic Product of Rio Grande do Norte Abstract: The study aims to analyze the relation of the value added of the main economic activities (agriculture, industry, services and public administration) regarding the Gross Domestic Product of Rio Grande do Norte during the period from 2010 to 2013. In this sense, data on value added, GDP and population were collected on the website of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), as well as on the Firjan Municipal Development Index (IFDM), through the Firjan System website. The sample comprised 166 municipalities, out of a total of 167. In addition to the descriptive statistics, a regression model was estimated by ordinary least squares with data arranged in a panel, with GDP as a dependent variable and the other variables as independently. Based on the results found, it can be seen that the values added by economic activities have a positive and statistically significant relationship, while the variables population and IFDM were related in a negative way, raising questions about income distribution, socioeconomic policies related to the demographic transition and the difference of the concepts of growth and economic development, corroborating the hypothesis that GDP does not measure quality of life. Finally, from the results measured, it can be concluded that the added values by the economic activities of the State of Rio Grande do Norte have a statistically significant relation with the GDP in the period investigated.Keywords: Gross Domestic Product. Added Value Statements. Rio Grande do Norte.

scholarly journals Sustaining Local Communities through Cultural Industries Based on Local Wisdom in Tigawasa Village

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Agung Parameswara ◽  
Athina Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Cultural Industries ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Depth Interviews

Globalization with the presence of information technology and development is a challenge for the sustainability of local communities that identic with tradition and culture. The value of local wisdom is an identity that is a strength because there is no in other places. This study wants to prove that local wisdom can provide added value and could even be used as a fundamental factor for sustainable development. The subject of study is the cultural industries. It is said, cultural industries that have cultural values are an important component and it contains the strength of narration of the output. The investigation is carried out by exploring local wisdom-based economic activities, access to labor, and social sustainability to show that the value of local wisdom as an identity can realize a sustainable economy in a rural area. In-depth interviews and observations with an ethnography approach to the case study method conducted in Tigawasa Village, Buleleng. This village is Bali Aga Village, home of Bali Mula or Bali’s original people, the earliest inhabitants of the island, which have local wisdom of bamboo.

scholarly journals The State regulation of Public Procurement in Ukraine in the Context of Reforms and Integration Processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (517) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
O. I. Laiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
International Distribution ◽  
Procurement System ◽  
The Impact

The article is concerned with topical issues of the State regulation of public procurement in Ukraine in the context of reforms and integration processes. The conceptual principles of regulation of the public procurement system have been formulated, taking into account the requirements and challenges of modern processes of reforms of the national economy and the implementation of the European integration vector. The public procurement system is considered as a new institutional unit in the national economy – the market for goods and services to the State-owned institutions and organizations with the involvement of budgetary funds. The significance of the public procurement system for the country’s economy as an environment for financing and implementing entrepreneurial initiatives aimed at creating high-quality goods and services, which is characterized by volumes equal to 15% of GDP, is substantiated. The article is aimed at defining the theoretical-conceptual and applied principles of the State regulation of the public procurement system in Ukraine in the context of efficient implementation of reform goals and taking into account the impact and challenges from the active participation of the national economy in the international distribution of labor in the course of integration processes with the EU countries. The article defines the key directions of the State policy on the regulation of the public procurement system, which include: stimulating the economic development of the entrepreneurial sector and overall economic growth on the basis of sustainability and balance; support for the production of domestic goods and services with high added value; stimulation of production of goods and services using local resources; stimulating the creation by domestic producers of both goods and services of cooperation associations in order to use the opportunities for the distribution of labor to create more competitive products; supporting the formation of an economic basis for the development of territorial and economic entities in the regions of Ukraine. As for the above defined directions of the State regulation of the public procurement system in Ukraine, appropriate measures have been proposed, the implementation of which is expected to contribute to the strengthening of the national economy and does not contradict the provisions of ratified international agreements.

scholarly journals Az európai identitás kérdése az európai fiatalok körében

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eszter Katics
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Added Value ◽  
European Identity ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigates the presence of the European identity with a particular focus on youth in EU member and candidate states. It introduces the most important theoretical and some of the recent empirical works on the subject, and offers a statistical analysis based on the data of the Eurobarometer survey between 2011-2019. This period involves the time of the migration crisis and the end of the financial and economic crisis, which gives an added value to the research. The empirical findings touch upon the relationship of the national identity and the European identity in the countries in question, and a special focus is made on EU citizenship.

scholarly journals Public Intervention and Open Market System in Health Services

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1585-1592
Author(s):  
M. Hanifi Aslan ◽  
Filiz Golpek
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Market System ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Service Production ◽  
Definition Of

In many economies, a significant proportion of service production is organized within market system. In the market system, the units in this organization base their economic activities on profit and benefit maximization. However, in most parts of service sector, pure competition conditions may not be valid. Health services are different from the goods which are produced and distributed by the open market. While some activities which are within the scope of health services are close to the definition of public, most of them have the characteristics of semipublic goods and services. Considering the importance which the mentioned services have regarding the society with their social benefits and the social costs which they will cause unless they are produced sufficiently, it could be argued that besides the open market, the public should also produce these services. The aim of this study is to present the insufficiency of market system in producing health services and analyze the intervention methods of public in order to compensate the insufficiency.

scholarly journals The Pseudo-Schick Reaction and the Intradermol Toxoid Test of Moloney: their Relationship and Significance

1935 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice Mitman
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fever Hospital ◽  
New Members ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of

A total of 212 new members of the staff of the North-Eastern Fever Hospital were Schick and Moloney tested. The Schick-positive reactors were immunised with formol toxoid and post-Schick and Moloney tests were performed. The following conclusions were reached:(1) The intradermal toxoid test of Moloney or Zoeller corresponds exactly with the pseudo response in the Schick test.(2) The pseudo response is as efficient as the Moloney for detecting possible reactors to immunising doses of toxoid, and is a more accurate control of the Schick test. The Moloney therefore appears redundant.(3) A positive MP (Moloney or pseudo) reaction accurately indicates those who will react to immunisation; but a negative MP is no guarantee that the subject will not react.(4) The MP-reaction is evidence of bacterial hypersensitiveness to specific products of the body of the diphtheria bacillus.(5) Zoeller's theory that hypersensitiveness is a half-way stage between susceptibility and immunity, is incorrect.(6) MP-reactions usually, but not invariably, develop pari passu with immunity. Because of this parallelism tests of hypersensitiveness give information as to the state of immunity.The significance of tests of infection, hypersensitiveness and immunity are considered; and the possible relationship of MP-reactions with bacterial immunity suggested.

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