scholarly journals State legal mechanism for ensuring environmental and technogenic safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-43
Author(s):  
Elena Valerievna Chuklova
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
Legal Entities

In the light of the ongoing state administration reform, it is relevant to examine the state legal mechanism for ensuring environmental and technogenic security as the types of national security. The subject of this research is the definition of the concept and structure of such mechanism, which is an essential condition for ensuring the protection of favorable environment; observance of the interests of citizens and legal entities, society and the state; prevention of threats of natural and technogenic emergency situations; and minimization of the consequences of such situations. On the institutional level, the state legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety represents the system of governing institutions assigned with the implementation of the key directions and mechanisms for ensuring environmental and technogenic safety; as well as private and legal entities, whose legal status includes the rights and responsibilities in the sphere of ensuring environmental and technogenic safety. On the technological level, the state legal mechanism is characterized by the types of legal activity. On the instrumental level, it represent a set of means and methods at the disposal of the entities. The scientific novelty of this research lies in examination of the essential aspects of the state legal mechanism for ensuring certain types of national security, as well as in formulation of the concept of the state legal mechanism applicable to ensuring environmental and technogenic safety, the absence of which impedes the assessment of the effectiveness of such mechanism in relation to protection of identity, society, and the state from environmental and technogenic hazards, threats and conflicts. The conclusion is made that a range of problems arises in the context of formation of the state legal mechanism for ensuring environmental safety: the existing model of state regulation of greenhouse gas emissions, which is based on voluntary inventory, obstructs the acquisition of information on the volume of greenhouse gas emissions by the administrative authorities; the created information systems in the sphere of environmental security are not an effective mechanism for achieving the goals of the Strategy of Environmental Security; there is certain inconsistency in environmental surveillance regulation.

scholarly journals Participation of Russia in the International Cooperation for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Energy Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-391
Author(s):  
Maria Aleksandrovna Liubarskaia ◽  
Viktoria Sergeevna Merkusheva ◽  
Olga Sergeevna Zinovieva
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article analyzes the participation of the Russian Federation in international cooperation on the climate change prevention. Global climate change in terms of its impact on world economy is presented as a catalyst for multidirectional shifts in many sectors of economy. The adoption of international documents such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992), the Kyoto Protocol (1997), the Paris Agreement (2015), and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2015) are viewed as vital steps for regulating international cooperation in this sphere. Analyzing the provisions of the 2020 Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation (2009), the authors emphasize the aspiration for international political and economic integration and deep economic interest in modernization as main factors, affecting Russian climate policy strategy. One of the mechanisms of implementing state policy in the field of environmental safety is the adoption of state regulation of greenhouse gas emissions and the consideration of these measures in the development of longterm strategies for socio-economic development. The authors urge for creating regional strategies for climate change prevention with necessary adjustment and adaptation to a specific region or constituent entity of the Russian Federation. In presenting the research results, the concept of “global warming potential” and the role of managing this potential in achieving sustainable development goals are disclosed. The authors argue that a significant contribution to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions is made by the production activities of the energy sector. Based on the data of the largest international companies (Chevron, ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips, BP, PetroChina, Shell, Gazprom, LUKOIL, Rosneft), directions for reducing their negative environmental impact were determined, including the classification of tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. International practice analysis forms the necessary ground to elaborate the most promising modern tools for reducing greenhouse gas emissions by Russian oil and gas companies.

scholarly journals The Trump Administration's Assault on California's Global Climate Leadership

AJIL Unbound ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Ann Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
The State ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The World ◽  
Trump Administration

The Trump Administration is taking direct aim at California's global leadership on climate change. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to revoke the most effective tool California has to exercise climate leadership: its special authority under federal law to regulate tailpipe emissions more stringently than the federal government. California's use of this authority has led to the invention of automotive technology now standard around the world, including the catalytic converter. The state also used this power in 2002 to enact the globe's first greenhouse gas standards for automobiles. If the Trump Administration succeeds in revoking California's authority, California will find it very difficult to meet its ambitious 2030 greenhouse gas target. The attack on the state's authority will also undermine other states’ efforts to cut their greenhouse gas emissions as well as conventional air pollutants, since thirteen states follow California's standards in whole or in part. And the Trump Administration's revocation will undercut California's role as a green technology innovator by eliminating the strongest regulatory signal the state sends to automotive entrepreneurs. The last result is perhaps the most pernicious of all, because the state's role as a green technology leader has the capacity to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions around the world.

scholarly journals Leveraging the potential of nature to meet net zero greenhouse gas emissions in Washington State

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11802
Author(s):  
James C. Robertson ◽  
Kristina V. Randrup ◽  
Emily R. Howe ◽  
Michael J. Case ◽  
Phillip S. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Timber Harvest ◽  
The State ◽  
Coastal Forests ◽  
Emissions Reductions ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Net Zero

The State of Washington, USA, has set a goal to reach net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, the year around which the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended we must limit global warming to 1.5 °C above that of pre-industrial times or face catastrophic changes. We employed existing approaches to calculate the potential for a suite of Natural Climate Solution (NCS) pathways to reduce Washington’s net emissions under three implementation scenarios: Limited, Moderate, and Ambitious. We found that NCS could reduce emissions between 4.3 and 8.8 MMT CO2eyr−1 in thirty-one years, accounting for 4% to 9% of the State’s net zero goal. These potential reductions largely rely on changing forest management practices on portions of private and public timber lands. We also mapped the distribution of each pathway’s Ambitious potential emissions reductions by county, revealing spatial clustering of high potential reductions in three regions closely tied to major business sectors: private industrial forestry in southwestern coastal forests, cropland agriculture in the Columbia Basin, and urban and rural development in the Puget Trough. Overall, potential emissions reductions are provided largely by a single pathway, Extended Timber Harvest Rotations, which mostly clusters in southwestern counties. However, mapping distribution of each of the other pathways reveals wider distribution of each pathway’s unique geographic relevance to support fair, just, and efficient deployment. Although the relative potential for a single pathway to contribute to statewide emissions reductions may be small, they could provide co-benefits to people, communities, economies, and nature for adaptation and resiliency across the state.

scholarly journals Decarbonization of the Economy – the General Trend of Development of Russia and Its Regions in the 21st Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Inna Mitrofanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Gas Emissions

Today the issue of Russia’s low-carbon development and the necessity in cutting down Greenhouse emissions, first of all, carbon dioxide (СO2) is very acute. Over the recent years a lot of documents and regulatory legal acts have appeared in Russia, one way or another related to the decarbonization of the economy, including “National Climate Change Adaptation Plan”, the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation “On Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions”, “Strategy for the Long-Term Development of Russia with Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions up to 2050”, draft Federal Law “On State Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Removals”, “The Plan for the Development of Hydrogen Energy in Russia up to 2050”. Russia needs a network of carbon landfills, its own non-discriminatory system for measuring the balance of greenhouse gases, this is the most important factor of national security today. In the near future, the system of calculations will be worked out on the territory of seven regions: the Chechen Republic, the Krasnodar Krai, Kaliningrad, Sakhalin, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk and Tyumen Regions. Since 2020, a pilot project of a carbon landfill has been implemented in Kaluga Region, on lands located within the borders of the Ugra National Park. To finance these projects, it is necessary to attract funds from national projects, first of all, the NP “Clean Air”. Carbon farms are a complex of technologies that enable the absorption of greenhouse gases, and so far for Russia it is mainly forest rather than agricultural technologies. There are about 11 million square kilometers of forests in Russia, and this is a unique reservoir for absorbing CO2, so the 21st century is the century of Russia, which has every chance to become the most important player in the sequestration industry. It is fundamentally important for Russia to become a world leader and gain a high rate of carbon farms development throughout the country. However, there is an acute shortage of qualified personnel for this type of activity in the country, so one of the strategic tasks for Russian universities today is to train specialists for the new sequestration industry in the conditions of a new and inevitable reality – total decarbonization of the economy.

Application of the Polluter-pays Principle in Russian Legislation on Climate Change: Problems and Prospects

Climate Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Alena V. Kodolova ◽  
Alexander M. Solntsev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Draft Statute ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Polluter Pays Principle

The Russian Federation is the fourth largest producer of greenhouse gas emissions in the world. The article is a study of how these emissions are monitored in Russia. In the framework of the polluter-pays principle (ppp), the current Russian legislation on pollutants provides for payment only for methane emissions. No payments are established for any of the other greenhouse gases. The authors conclude that, at present, Russian legislation does not regulate action against climate change, although many political and legal documents are being adopted aimed at adapting to the effects of climate change. A draft statute “On State Regulation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Absorption and on Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation” is analysed. Despite the fact that this draft law is strongly opposed by the affected industries, the authors conclude that the adoption of this law and the creation of a targeted national climate fund will contribute to the implementation of the ppp in Russia for the purpose of combating climate change.

scholarly journals Green logistics - modern transportation process technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-190
Author(s):  
Irina Vyacheslavovna Larina ◽  
Andrey Nikolaevich Larin ◽  
Olga Kiriliuk ◽  
Manuela Ingaldi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Green Logistics ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Transportation Process ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Green logistics is the part of the activities of an enterprise aimed at measuring and minimizing the impact of logistics activities on the environment. Such actions are dictated by the possibility of achieving a competitive advantage in the market, because clients require it. Transport is a particularly important area with a huge impact on the environment, because it is identified as the fastest growing source of greenhouse gas emissions. Green transport is low-emission and ecological travelling mode. The goals of green transport are not only to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, air pollution, noise and space use, but also to reduce poverty and promote economic growth. Transport is considered green when it supports environmental sustainability, but also supports the other two pillars of sustainable development, i.e. economic and social. This paper discusses the application of the concept of "green" logistics and "green" technologies in transport in the transportation process. The modern requirements for transport in the field of environmental safety and compliance with environmental requirements both on the part of customers and on the part of states are considered.

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