scholarly journals Nāgārjuna and his “Mūlamadhyamakakārikā” in light of Je Tsongkhapa “Great Commentary” to this text

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Irina Safronovna Urbanaeva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Buddhist Philosophy ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Dependent Origination ◽  
Middle Way ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Buddha ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this article is meaning of the work “Ocean of Reasoning : a Great Commentary on the Nāgārjuna's Mūlamadhyamakakārikā” by Je Tsongkhapa for understanding the phenomenon of Nāgārjuna, his contribution to the development of the history of Buddhism overall and Buddhist philosophy in particular, essence of the explained by hum system of Madhyamaka – middle way, free from the extremes of reification and nihilism. The author establishes that false interpretations of Mūlamadhyamakakārikā as just logical-epistemological text and a guide for polemicizing, as well as such an improper understanding of the ontology of Nāgārjuna, when the doctrine of dependent origination is proclaimed higher teaching of the Buddha, can be overcome through the commentary of Je Tsongkhapa. The novelty of this study is defined by the fact that it involves original text of Tsongkhapa, which is translated into the Russian language for the first time, as well as introduced into the discourse on national Buddhology. Due the commentary of Tsongkhapa, it is established that the doctrine of emptiness is the “heart of teaching of the Buddha”, and the argument on the dependent origination is “superior to all arguments”, as it helps to cognize emptiness as the “dependently emerging suchness”. The doctrine of dependent origination and the view of emptiness comprise a semantic unity, although they are not identical. Therefore, translation from the Tibetan language and examination of the writings of Je Tsongkhapa, namely “A Great Commentary”, are relevant and essential for reconstruction of the authentic teaching of Nāgārjuna, as well as overall comprehension of Buddhist philosophy.

scholarly journals On the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
Viсtoriya Sergeevna Shatokhina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Scientific Heritage ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Western European ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is the African paremiology. The object is the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language. The author examines the chronology of studying this field of linguistics by Western European and African scholars, cites their major works, and describes the peculiarities of their scientific views. Special attention is given to the works of the founders of African paremiology, as well as the perspective of modern scholars of Tanzania and Kenya upon the scientific heritage of proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article employs the theoretical research methods, namely the comparison of theoretical works in the Swahili and English languages. The analysis of a wide range of works in the Swahili language alongside the works of certain European authors, allows reconstructing the chronology of the process of studying Swahili paroemias, as well as highlighting most prominent African and European scholars in this field of linguistics. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that this topic is viewed in the domestic African Studies for the first time; foreign linguists also did not pay deliberate attention to this question. The author’s special contribution consists in translation of the previously inaccessible materials of the African and Western European into the Russian language, which helps the linguists-Africanists in their further research.

scholarly journals Language of Russian Charity: Verbs

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4 (202)) ◽  
pp. 293-310
Author(s):  
Valeria S. Kuchko ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

This article studies Russian verbs which name the action of gratuitous material assistance to those in need, i.e. благотворить, благотворительствовать, благодетельствовать, меценатствовать, жертвовать, спонсировать, and their few derivatives. The author focuses on the history of their origin and use in the Russian language, the development of their meanings, semantic features, and functioning in the text. The analysis of these characteristics of the life of the word in the language allows the author to identify and formulate some norms of the use of these verbs in modern charity discourse for those who speak and write about charity. The study is based on historical and modern lexicographic sources, such as explanatory dictionaries of the Old Slavic Language, Old Russian Language, Russian language of different time periods, as well as examples of word usage, retrieved from The National Corpus of the Russian Language. In spite of the fact that the verbs studied realise the predicate of a situation of charity and designate the subject’s action of providing a poor or deprived object with material support, they considerably differ in terms of time of their appearance in the language, periods of usage, and semantic capacity. The analysis demonstrates that there is no verb that could claim the status of a nuclear verbal lexeme of the semantic field of charity: the word with the widest neutral semantics благотворить has almost fallen out of use, the verbs благодетельствовать and меценатствовать have a narrower application, while жертвовать imposes semantic restrictions on the choice of words for the positions of the object and the instrument of charity, and in the case of the verb спонсировать a specific context of “market” charity is important, in which the subject receives a certain benefit from their contribution.

scholarly journals Features of artistic translations of the Saami poets into the Russian language

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-623
Author(s):  
V. B. Bakula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Cultural Meanings ◽  
Culturally Adapted ◽  
The Subject ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

Introduction: the article is devoted to the topical issue of cross-cultural relations of Kola Saami literature. The subject of the analysis is the interlinear translations of the Saami poets’ works into the Russian language. Objective: to identify the equivalence of translations of the Saami authors into the Russian language in the transmission of cultural meanings, values, and ethnic psychology. Research materials: the poetic works of the Saami authors and variants of their translations. Results and novelty of the research: the article analyzes Russian-Saami literary contacts for the first time. The focus of the work is on the accuracy and peculiarities of translations of the Saami poets into the Russian language. The analysis of the material allowed us to conclude that poetic translations of the Saami authors into the Russian language do not always accurately recreate the meanings and images of the interlinear translations, which is due to the complexity of the task in translating national literature. The Russian translators saturate the text with poetic liberties; adorn it with visual and expressive means that reflect the Russian national color; include Russian proverbs, sayings and stable phrases, religious and Christian notions; use translations as an excuse to create their own poem, which, in turn, distorts the general meaning of the original, deprives it of ethnicity, and makes poetic translations of Saami interlinear translations culturally adapted, authorized, and ethnocentric.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of using games as a means of improving effectiveness of the Russian language class and experiment with the use of games in teaching Russian language at Hanoi National University of Education

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Th'ju Lyong Kao Thi
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Pedagogical Practice ◽  
Game Based Learning ◽  
Language Class ◽  
Structural Peculiarities ◽  
Different Types ◽  
National University ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of different types of translation activity in the process of teaching students of non-philological specialties at Hanoi National University of Education. Being the direct participant of bilingual communication, the student applies the following behavioral vectors: reproduction of the semantic-structural peculiarities of the original text and adaptation of the translation text to a new linguocultural perception. This is namely the key to success in the bilingual communication, since the translator fulfills the communicative, ideological, cumulative (culturological) and even a correctional functions attempting to create the original text without flaws and shortcomings of the original text due incompetence of its author. Fulfilling any of these functions, the translator must desubjectivize the original text (extract the subjective meaning) and the translation text (taking into account the characteristics of the addressee) for the purpose of adequate objectification of the translation text in accordance with the situation. In this regard, the modern methods and techniques implemented in the pedagogical practice of Hanoi National University of Education are particularly relevant. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the attempt to determine the peculiarities of using games as a means of improving effectiveness of the Russian language class and implementation of game-based learning at Hanoi National University of Education.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Intertexts in Newspaper Headlines (Based on the Material of the Russian and British Discourses of Sanctions Policy Towards Russia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Anastasia S. Podolko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Mass Culture ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

The article presents a comparative analysis of intertexts in the headlines of British and Russian articles, the subject of which is the sanctions imposed by Western countries on Russia. The source of the material was the authoritative publications of Russia and Great Britain (Kommersant and The Economist). The chronological scope of the study lies within 2014 – current days. As a result of the analysis of the headlines (60 in Russian, 60 in English) containing intertexts, the author identified 5 source domains, common for British and Russian discourses, and one source domain, specific for one discourse (Russian or British): “Set expressions”, “Proverbs and sayings”, “Mass culture”, “Literature”, “Proper names”, “Situations” (for British articles), “Names of organizations / projects” (for Russian articles). The study showed that the source domain “Set expressions” turned out to be the most widely represented, and the share of intertexts from the source domain in the Russian-language headlines is more than twice bigger than their share in the British headlines. The group of intertexts from the source domain “Proverbs and sayings” turned out to be the second most represented. The most common way to include an intertextual element in a headline is lexical transformation, when a word or several words are replaced with others corresponding to the content of the article. As for the effect of including an intertextual element in the headline it can be different: comic, if the author chooses a lexical transformation that contradicts the meaning of the original text; creating a negative / positive (usually negative) image of a person or situation; forming the reader’s opinion, similar to the opinion of the author / edition.

scholarly journals PROBLEM OF LANGUAGE REDUNDANCY ON THE EXAMPLE OF A SCIENTIFIC TEXT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Natalia V Alontseva ◽  
Yury A Ermoshin
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Scientific Texts ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Scientific Text ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

Language redundancy is an actual problem for native Russian speakers. In this article, the authors consider the issue of linguistic redundancy in written communication, and describe some of its aspects using examples derived from various scientific and popular-scientific articles in the field of humanities (psychology, linguistics, literary criticism) selected from public Internet sources. The article describes the history of the scientific study of the problem of linguistic redundancy in texts of various styles, presents a typology of examples of linguistic redundancy primarily at the level of a combination of lexical units and at the level of text construction. The research also gives arguments on the reasons for linguistic redundancy emergence and possible steps to overcome it. The object of the study is a popular-scientific and scientific text, the subject of the study are stylistic errors and elements of language redundancy. The material of the analysis is represented in the texts obtained by the method of continuous sampling from collections of scientific articles in the Russian language, posted on the Internet. In each specific example, the authors propose their own way of expressing content without unnecessary lexical units, omitting or replacing them with synonyms and synonymous expressions. The stylistic error causing the problem of linguistic redundancy is a violation of the formal connection of sentences in the text, in which the reference words or link words are repeated. The article provides their typology and examples of errors of this type. The scientific novelty of the research is primarily related to the lack of research on linguistic redundancy on the material of scientific texts In Russian. The authors of the article see the practical value and possible implementation of the results in the drawing attention of the authors of scientific texts to their works in terms of their compliance with the norm in this aspect.

scholarly journals Linguistic and Extralinguistic Aspects of Study of Modern Russian Rap Texts

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-97
Author(s):  
E. V. Grudeva ◽  
A. A. Diveeva
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Hip Hop Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
The Status ◽  
Gender Characteristics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

An overview of modern domestic and foreign linguistic studies of rap texts is presented. The features of rap as part of the global hip-hop culture are considered. The proof is given that rap text as a component of rap culture is the dominant of the subculture, and domestic rap is an authentic phenomenon. It is shown that over the past twenty years, the subject of research in the field of studying Russian-language rap texts has become more diverse. The main linguistic aspects of the study of rap texts (lexicon of rappers, slangisms, intertextual inclusions, gender characteristics, paronymic attraction) are revealed. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the status of rap text as an object of linguistic research has been clarified, and guidelines have been created for further practical analysis of this type of text. For the first time, a number of works by foreign scientists that have not previously been presented in the domestic scientific space and which define new perspectives in the study of the Russian-language rap text are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to debatable issues about the status of rap text, its genre features. The authors of the article argue that the leading mechanism of text generation in Russian-language rap is paronymic attraction, which gives reason to consider rap text as a literary text. 

scholarly journals The word pearl in Russian poetry and its Chinese roots

Neophilology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 536-544
Author(s):  
Jiatong Weng
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Chinese Word ◽  
Russian People ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Russian Poetry ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

The object of the analysis is the word pearl in the Russian language. The subject of the study is to consider the functioning of this lexeme in Russian poetry. The analysis uses descriptive, comparative, and stylistic methods. The word pearl was borrowed by the Russian language from Chinese through the Turkic mediation in the 12th century. The Chinese word 珍珠 [zhēnzhū] con-sists of two syllable morphemes 珍 ‘rare, expensive, valuable’ and 珠 ‘glob, bead’. We examine the appearance history of this lexeme in the Russian language, reveal the original and figurative meanings of the word and its word-forming and combinative activity. Lexeme pearl is entered the active vocabulary of the Russian language, became widely used in the speech of Russian people, acquired a large number of derivatives and stable phrases with them. We analyze the functioning of the word pearl, the lexemes formed from it, and the stable phrases containing these units in Russian poetry. Pearls have become a favorite means of expressing ideas about beauty, value, love, and emotions among Russian poets. The word pearl, its derivatives and phrases with it are found in the works of most Russian poets, they are noted in the poems of A.S. Pushkin, M.Y. Lermontov, M.I. Tsvetaeva, V.Y. Bryusov, K.D. Balmont and many others. We found that in the works of poets of the 18–19th centuries, the word pearl is regularly found in the singular with an oxytonic accent, and in the twentieth century, the accentuation becomes penultimative, transferred one syllable forward. The perspective of this research is to study the use of the pearl token in translations into Russian of works by foreign authors, including Chinese ones.

The transformation of folklore tripling method in translation of Chinese tales about animals

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Galina Vorontsova
Keyword(s):  
Text Structure ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Folk Tale ◽  
Textual Structure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Aesthetic Ideal ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Functioning Mechanism

The goal of this research is the description of transformation in translation of tripling in a Chinese tale about animals. The subject of this research is structure of the tale “Tiger and Buffalo” in the original and in translation, as well as implementation of the principle of triples in translating this folk art. The tale “Tiger and Buffalo” was selected as an example, since it most fully reflects the functioning mechanism of tripling method of an action, although such mechanisms of transformation of text structure in translation into the Russian language are also present in others Chinese tales about animals. It is demonstrated how the classical folklore tripling method of an action functions in a Chinese tale, and which modifications experiences the structure of a tale in translation into the Russian language. A metaphrastic triple repeat in a Chinese tale in translation into Russian transforms into three different forms of expression. In translation, it does not retain its syntactic parallelism from the Chinese original, and expressions change its structure. The author establishes that the main fabric of narration in the tale “Tiger and Buffalo” is comprised by three key semantic groups of tripling of action; and two brief mirror dialogues are located in between them. The last line of each third level of tripling action contains the transformation of pattern established in the process of reiteration; this results in a significant narrative arc  and change of the formed pattern reflected lexically and syntactically. The scientific novelty consists in discussion of the question on transformation experienced by tripling in translation into a language with other typology. The translator’s need for active use of the means of synonymy instead of tripled metaphrastic reiteration presented in the original text, as well as the need for transformation of textual structure of a Chinese tale into the Russian language, emerge due to diverse way of thinking of a Russian contemporary translator and creators of a folk tale who lived in a different historical era. The conclusion is made on a prevalent influence of aesthetic ideal of a separate language and culture upon textual structure of a folk tale.

scholarly journals Author`s paroimia “If you like printing, you should like to be prisoned” in the Russian language of the 1905–1907

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
A. V. Zagrebel’ny
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Semantic Transformation ◽  
System Prototype ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the analysis of the author’s paroimia “If you like printing, you should like to be prisoned”. In the course of working with the sources of the period of the first Russian revolution, the only case of using this paroimia in the rubric “New Proverbs” of the socio-political satirical magazine “Zarnitsy” was revealed. The scientific novelty of the study is that for the first time the author’s paroimia “If you like printing, you should like to be prisoned” is analyzed, which has not previously attracted the attention of researchers. The methods of component, contextual, logical and semiotic analysis, as well as analysis of vocabulary definitions were used in the work. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: 1) a source paroimia was established; 2) a structural and semantic transformation of the source paroimia was characterized; 3) recognition of the author’s paroimia was scientifically grounded in its system prototype; 4) an analysis of the events of Russian history of the period of the first Russian revolution, which led to the emergence of a new paroimia, was done, 5) the author’s paroimia judgment was formulated, its type was defined. The final part of the article outlines the prospects for further research.

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