scholarly journals Marxism-Leninism and Christianity: dictatorship of the “proletariat” and terror

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
Nikolai Nikolaevich Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Apparent Similarity ◽  
First Time

This article carries out a historical-theological analysis of compatibility of the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism with Christianity. The relevance of this topic is substantiate by the ongoing polemic, which is directly pertains to the social structure. The author reviews the historical-theological aspects of this question based on the critical study of historical-philosophical research, as well as historical documents on the matter. In order to conduct comprehensive analysis on this topic, the article explores the dictatorship of the “proletariat” and terror views of opposing sides, as well as describes contrary opinions, texts of Holy Scripture, and views of the Orthodox Church Fathers. The novelty of this research lies in introduction of certain documents in the context of articulated problem for the first time. The author gives a detailed historical-theological overview on the comparison of Marxism-Leninism with Orthodox Christianity. The goal of this work lies in examination of the historical documents and historical-theological writings on the topic at hand. The conclusion is made that despite apparent similarity of certain provisions, Marxism-Leninism and Christianity are by no means compatible. In theoretical terms, socialism could exist in symbiosis with Christianity if the existing contradictions are eliminated. However, such socialism would be no longer based on Marxism-Leninism.

scholarly journals Marxism-Leninism and Christianity: communalization of property, ethics, and justice

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Nikolai Nikolaevich Barinov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
The Subject

This article conducts a historical-theological analysis of compatibility of the theory and practice of Marxism-Leninism with Christianity. The relevance of this question is substantiated by the ongoing polemics on the subject matter, which is directly related to the social structure. The historical-theological aspects are examined on the basis of critical study of the historical-philosophical works and historical documents on the topic. An attempt is made of systemic analysis of the subject under review. Three questions are examined: communalization of property, ethics, and justice. For comprehensive examination of this topic, the author provides the views of the opposing sides, texts of the Holy Scripture, and opinions of the Fathers of Orthodox Church. The novelty is defined by the fact that this article is first to examine certain documents the context of the indicated problem. The author also presents a more in-depth historical-theological analysis of the comparison of Marxism-Leninism and Orthodox Christianity, of compared to other existing research. The goal consists in consideration of the historical documents and historical-theological works on the topic. The conclusion is made that despite seeming similarity of certain provisions, Marxism-Leninism is incompatible with Christianity. From the theoretical perspective, socialism, in case of eliminating all contradictions, could have exist in symbiosis with Christianity. However, by no means such socialism would be founded on Marxism-Leninism.

scholarly journals Podstawy społecznej koncepcji Rosyjskiego Kościoła Prawosławnego: problemy bioetyki i ekologii

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Artur Aleksiejuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Social Concept ◽  
Official Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The foundations of the social concept are one of the most important normative acts issued by the Russian Orthodox Church. The unanimous adoption of this document by the Holy Council of Bishops of the Russian Church, which took place on August 13-16, 2000 in Moscow, was not only a local event, but a significant fact on the scale of the entire Orthodox Church worldwide. For the first time in history, one of the autocephalous Orthodox Churches decided to formulate an official position on current social, economic, economic and cultural issues, as well as define the Church-state relationship in the conditions of historical reality in which it found itself at the threshold of the third millennium. The promulgation of the Foundations of the Social Concept has become a powerful impulse for the renewal of spiritual life, greater involvement of the Orthodox clergy in social life, the development of institutional and non-institutional forms of mission and evangelization, and the multidimensional dialogue of Orthodoxy with the world of science, politics and economy. The aim of this publication is to familiarize the Polish reader with the content of chapters twelve and thirteen of the document, which relate to bioethical and ecological issues. It is worth noting that this is their first translation into Polish. The translator hopes that they will contribute to a better understanding of the Orthodox Church’s position on issues that are currently among the most discussed social topics.

Men, Masculinities, Managements and Organisational Culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Hearn ◽  
David L. Collinson
Keyword(s):  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Men And Masculinities ◽  
Future Theory ◽  
Organisational Cultures

The social position of men, the critical study of management, and the theoretical and practical significance of organisational culture have all been the subject of extensive debates in recent years. In this article we review four main conceptual and theoretical ways of linking 'men' and 'masculinities' to debates on 'managerial and organisational culture'. These approaches are not mutually exclusive; rather they are ways of building up a more complex understanding of that relationship. Each is a commentary on both particular types of managerial and organisational cultures and particular analyses of managerial and organisational culture. The four approaches are as follows: taken-for-granted men's cultures; men's explicit domination of organisational cultures; men's domination of subtexts of organisational cultures; and the deconstruction of 'men and organisational culture'. The second of these approaches is focussed on in more detail drawing on empirical ethnographic research on personnel selection processes in UK private sector organisations. The article concludes with a brief discussion of the implications of this approach for future theory and practice.

The Beginning of the Orthodox Church in Japan: The Long-Lasting Legacy of Saint Nicholai

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christianity ◽  
Church Fathers ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Church Father ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Church

Japanese Orthodox Christians faithfully preserve the legacy of St Nicholai as a great help in living the Orthodoxy Christian life today. Especially regarding evangelisation in Japan, St Nicholai's thoughts and missionary activities are studied and referred to just as the Church Fathers are referenced to find answers for theological questions. In this sense, he is considered to be a modern Church Father by Japanese Orthodox Christians. Although detailed study of his thoughts and activities is still in progress, research findings will benefit both clergy and the faithful in any church when they encounter modern day problems as Christians. The secret of his success is found in the fact that he always remembered to bring Orthodox Christianity within the context of everyday life and culture.

scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL DIALECTICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ERSON LIFE-CREATION’S THEORY AND PRACTICE IN NATIONAL EDUCATION IN THE 16TH AND EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Vitalii Mavrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
National Education ◽  
Personal Liberty ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Concept ◽  
Pedagogical Analysis ◽  
The Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practice Development

The article analyzes socio-political, cultural and educational prerequisites for the development of life-creation pedagogy at the Cossack times and during the times when Ukrainian lands were under the Russian and Austrian empires. It was found out in the study that the development of life-creation pedagogy at the Cossack times was facilitated by the following factors: personal liberty and dignity as social practice, emergence of a new educational phenomenon of Cossack pedagogy, which envisaged the development of a person as a creator of own life. During the period, when Ukrainian lands were ruled by the Russian and Austrian empires the development of life-creation pedagogy was complicated by enslavement and constant pressure on national culture for the purpose of its destruction. The study defined the contribution of such Ukrainian teachers as Hryhoriy Skovoroda, Pamfil Yurkevych, Mykola Korf, Ivan Franko, Borys Grinchenko to the development of conceptual framework of life-creation pedagogy. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is the following: for the first time a holistic historical and pedagogical analysis of the Ukrainian life-creation pedagogy theory and practice was conducted; the socio-political, cultural and educational prerequisites for the development of Ukrainian life-creation pedagogy from the Cossack times were comprehensively reviewed. The research specifies the following: the content of the life-creation concept, taking into account the procedural and practical, creative and acmeological, life-creation phenomenon evaluative and semantic aspects; the scientific argumentation concerning the theoretical structuring of life-creation pedagogy as an educational concept; the methodological approaches and principles for the correct interpretation of life-creation pedagogy conceptual ideas in historical and pedagogical context; the social, methodological and pedagogical criteria for the Ukrainian life-creation pedagogy theory and practice development periodization.

Cinematic Search for Identity in the Shade of Turkey’s 1960 Coup: The Social Realism Debate and The Hope

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Celal Hayir ◽  
Ayman Kole
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
Social Realism ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turkish Cinema ◽  
To Come ◽  
First Time ◽  
Democratic Constitution ◽  
Realism Debate

When the Turkish army seized power on May 27th, 1960, a new democratic constitution was carried into effect. The positive atmosphere created by the 1961 constitution quickly showed its effects on political balances in the parliament and it became difficult for one single party to come into power, which strengthened the multi-party-system. The freedom initiative created by 1961’s constitution had a direct effect on the rise of public opposition. Filmmakers, who generally steered clear from the discussion of social problems and conflicts until 1960, started to produce movies questioning conflicts in political, social and cultural life for the first time and discussions about the “Social Realism” movement in the ensuing films arose in cinematic circles in Turkey. At the same time, the “regional managers” emerged, and movies in line with demands of this system started to be produced. The Hope (Umut), produced by Yılmaz Güney in 1970, rang in a new era in Turkish cinema, because it differed from other movies previously made in its cinematic language, expression, and use of actors and settings. The aim of this study is to mention the reality discussions in Turkish cinema and outline the political facts which initiated this expression leading up to the film Umut (The Hope, directed by Yılmaz Güney), which has been accepted as the most distinctive social realist movie in Turkey. 

Founding Gods, Inventing Nations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. McCants
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Cultural Orientation ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Empire ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vast Range

From the dawn of writing in Sumer to the sunset of the Islamic empire, this book traces four thousand years of speculation on the origins of civilization. Investigating a vast range of primary sources, some of which are translated here for the first time, and focusing on the dynamic influence of the Greek, Roman, and Arab conquests of the Near East, the book looks at the ways the conquerors and those they conquered reshaped their myths of civilization's origins in response to the social and political consequences of empire. The Greek and Roman conquests brought with them a learned culture that competed with that of native elites. The conquering Arabs, in contrast, had no learned culture, which led to three hundred years of Muslim competition over the cultural orientation of Islam, a contest reflected in the culture myths of that time. What we know today as Islamic culture is the product of this contest, whose protagonists drew heavily on the lore of non-Arab and pagan antiquity. The book argues that authors in all three periods did not write about civilization's origins solely out of pure antiquarian interest—they also sought to address the social and political tensions of the day. The strategies they employed and the postcolonial dilemmas they confronted provide invaluable context for understanding how authors today use myth and history to locate themselves in the confusing aftermath of empire.

Synergetic Theory of Document in Evolution of Document Science

2018 ◽  
pp. 1060-1068
Author(s):  
Galina A. Dvoenosova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Universal Theory ◽  
Social Self ◽  
Social Goal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Synergetic Theory ◽  
First Time

The article assesses synergetic theory of document as a new development in document science. In information society the social role of document grows, as information involves all members of society in the process of documentation. The transformation of document under the influence of modern information technologies increases its interest to representatives of different sciences. Interdisciplinary nature of document as an object of research leads to an ambiguous interpretation of its nature and social role. The article expresses and contends the author's views on this issue. In her opinion, social role of document is incidental to its being a main social tool regulating the life of civilized society. Thus, the study aims to create a scientific theory of document, explaining its nature and social role as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. Substantiation of this idea is based on application of synergetics (i.e., universal theory of self-organization) to scientific study of document. In the synergetic paradigm, social and historical development is seen as the change of phases of chaos and order, and document is considered a main tool that regulates social relations. Unlike other theories of document, synergetic theory studies document not as a carrier and means of information transfer, but as a unique social phenomenon and universal social tool. For the first time, the study of document steps out of traditional frameworks of office, archive, and library. The document is placed on the scales with society as a global social system with its functional subsystems of politics, economy, culture, and personality. For the first time, the methods of social sciences and modern sociological theories are applied to scientific study of document. This methodology provided a basis for theoretical vindication of nature and social role of document as a tool of social (goal-oriented) action and social self-organization. The study frames a synergetic theory of document with methodological foundations and basic concepts, synergetic model of document, laws of development and effectiveness of document in the social continuum. At the present stage of development of science, it can be considered the highest form of theoretical knowledge of document and its scientific explanatory theory.

СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ КОНФЛИКТОЛОГИЯ: ТЕОРЕТИКО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
А. Н. Сухов
Keyword(s):  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Social Conflicts ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Structure Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time

This given article reveals the topicality not only of destructive, but also of constructive, as well as hybrid conflicts. Practically it has been done for the first time. It also describes the history of the formation of both foreign and domestic social conflictology. At the same time, the chronology of the development of the latter is restored and presented objectively, in full, taking into account the contribution of those researchers who actually stood at its origins. The article deals with the essence of the socio-psychological approach to understanding conflicts. The subject of social conflictology includes the regularities of their occurrence and manifestation at various levels, spheres and conditions, including normal, complicated and extreme ones. Social conflictology includes the theory and practice of diagnosing, resolving, and resolving social conflicts. It analyzes the difficulties that occur in defining the concept, structure, dynamics, and classification of social conflicts. Therefore, it is no accident that the most important task is to create a full-fledged theory of social conflicts. Without this, it is impossible to talk about effective settlement and resolution of social conflicts. Social conflictology is an integral part of conflictology. There is still a lot of work to be done, both in theory and in application, for its complete design. At present, there is an urgent need to develop conflict-related competence not only of professionals, but also for various groups of the population.

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