Life support for inner and outer space vehicles - Similarities and differences

1967 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. BOLLES ◽  
H. WALLMAN
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Some Issues of Repairing Manned Space Vehicles in Outer Space Using Electron Beam Welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
Leonid M. Lobanov ◽  
E.A. Asnis ◽  
Ye.G. Ternovy ◽  
Yu.V. Zubchenko ◽  
I.I. Statkevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Automatic Mode ◽  
Manned Space ◽  
Robotic Devices ◽  
New Generation

A new generation of electron beam tool for welding during assembly and repair-restoration works on board of manned space vehicles in open space was demonstrated. The tool includes a small-sized electron beam gun (EBG) with an electron beam power of up to 2.5 kW and a high-voltage power source with a voltage of 10 kV. The design of the electron-optical system of EBG allows using it in both manual as well as in automatic mode applying robotic devices. Applying the manufactured EBG and manipulator, in vacuum chamber the works on simulating the repair of a spacecraft’s section of aluminum 2219 alloy were carried out. The obtained results of studying the structure and mechanical characteristics and also sealing of welds confirmed the high quality of welded joints and a reliability of the technology for repairing a damaged fragment of a spacecraft's body using electron beam welding.

scholarly journals Living with a chronic disease: A quantitative study of the views of patients with a chronic disease on the change in their life situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212091035
Author(s):  
Inger Benkel ◽  
Maria Arnby ◽  
Ulla Molander
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Interpersonal Support ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
New Situation ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Negative Outcome

Objectives: Chronic diseases have an impact on and change patient’s lives which means that they need to find ways to cope with the new situation. The aim was to describe how the chronic disease has influenced patients’ views of their life situation. Methods: The study was quantitative in design with data collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to compare similarities and differences between patients with asthma-allergy, diabetes mellitus, cancer and inflammatory rheumatoid arthritis. Results: Changes in their life were experienced as a negative outcome for the majority of participants. Support can be in the form of interpersonal support from various persons, but also from activities and beliefs/religion. Family and friends as well as healthcare professionals were identified as being most supportive. Sadness and worry were the most common emotions among the participants and their surrounding networks. Conclusion: People with a chronic disease have to live with the consequences the disease has for their life situation. They need to find strategies to cope with the negative outcome in their new life. Support from their own network and healthcare professionals can be helpful in the new life situation.

Studies of Carbon Nanotube Based Composites for Aerospace Applications

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bellucci ◽  
F. Micciulla ◽  
C. Balasubramanian ◽  
A. Grilli ◽  
G. Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ideal Composition ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Properties Of Composites ◽  
The Ideal

Carbon nanotubes are being widely studied for various applications ranging from medical to electronics and also optical devices. They are also being studied for the suitability and applications in aerospace and aeronautical field. A useful application in aerospace that we are studying is the improvement of electrical properties of composites made from carbon nanotubes and epoxy resin. Towards this end, we have studied the resistivity of composite materials with varying percentages of carbon nanotubes (CNT) added to the epoxy resin. Carbon nanotubes were synthesized by thermal arc plasma process after optimization of the synthesis parameters. These samples were then analysed by electron microscopes like scanning electron and transmission electron microscopes (SEM and TEM), in order to establish the morphology of the nanostructures. Composites of epoxy resin with curing agent as well as a mixture of graphite and carbon nanotubes were prepared with varying proportions of the mixture. The electrical resistivity of the material was studied under varying pressure and voltage conditions. The result of these studies yields interesting features which are useful in choosing the ideal composition and ratio of the composite material for use in shielding of electrical circuits of space vehicles from radiations of the outer space.

scholarly journals Space environment: radiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSE GAITE
Keyword(s):  
Outer Space ◽  
Space Environment ◽  
Space Vehicles

Brief description of the space environment and, in particular, radiation in outer space to Earth. We study radiation (solar and cosmic), its interaction with matter, and the possible effects of that radiation on space vehicles. Written in Spanish.

scholarly journals Long-Term Space Nutrition: A Scoping Review

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Hong Tang ◽  
Hope Hui Rising ◽  
Manoranjan Majji ◽  
Robert D. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Essential Components

This scoping review aimed to identify current evidence and gaps in the field of long-term space nutrition. Specifically, the review targeted critical nutritional needs during long-term manned missions in outer space in addition to the essential components of a sustainable space nutrition system for meeting these needs. The search phrase “space food and the survival of astronauts in long-term missions” was used to collect the initial 5432 articles from seven Chinese and seven English databases. From these articles, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify 218 articles for full-text reviews based on three themes and 18 keyword combinations as eligibility criteria. The results suggest that it is possible to address short-term adverse environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies by adopting effective dietary measures, selecting the right types of foods and supplements, and engaging in specific sustainable food production and eating practices. However, to support self-sufficiency during long-term space exploration, the most optimal and sustainable space nutrition systems are likely to be supported primarily by fresh food production, natural unprocessed foods as diets, nutrient recycling of food scraps and cultivation systems, and the establishment of closed-loop biospheres or landscape-based space habitats as long-term life support systems.

Prospects for using space greenhouses as a part of a suite of crew life support systems of a lunar orbital station, a lunar base and interplanetary transfer vehicles

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Yuliy A. Berkovich ◽  
Svetlana O. Smolyanina ◽  
Aleksandr G. Zheleznyakov ◽  
Arkadiy S. Guzenberg
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Continuous Production ◽  
Scale Space ◽  
Space Vehicles ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
Life Support Systems ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Under Construction

It is planned to include greenhouses in the suite of regenerative life support systems for crews of manned long-duration space vehicles to improve their habitability. Space greenhouses will provide crew members with green vegetables containing digestible vitamins and dietary fibers, as well as psychophysiological support during long space missions. The paper presents an analytical review of designs of a number of greenhouses in our country and abroad, both existing and under construction that are capable of operating in spaceflight environment. It describes their key design and operational properties, analyses problems standing in the way of developing more productive space greenhouses. It explains the advantages of our country’s conveyor-type space greenhouse with cylindrical planting surface for continuous production of vitamin-rich greens and other vegetables onboard a manned spacecraft. It points out the need to construct our country’s ground prototype for a full-scale space greenhouse to develop the process for growing plants in orbital station, transportation vehicles, in lunar and Martian outposts. Key words: regenerative life support systems, habitat, space greenhouse, cylindrical planting surface.

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