A Comparison between Personality Traits and Defense Styles in Teenagers with Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder and Normal Individuals

Objective: The current study aims to compare the defense mechanisms and personality traits among teenagers with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) and normal individuals. Materials and Methods: Incurrent casual-comparative study, 220 teenagers with an average age of 16.74±6.08 and age range of 13-17 were randomly selected from among high school students, who were diagnosed with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in fall 2014 and 220 other peers with matching demographic characteristics were selected as the control group. Both groups were asked to fill Eysenckpersonality questionnaire and Andrews’ Defense Style Questionnaire. Data was analyzed via multivariate analysis of variance. Results: The average scores of teenagers with ARFID was higher than the control group regarding immature and neurotic defense style, neuroticism and extraversion; with respect to mature defense style variable average scores of teenagers with ARFID was lower comparing to control group. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference between personality traits and defence styles of teenagers with ARFID and normal teenagers.

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Personality, Defense Mechanisms and Psychological Distress in Women with Fibromyalgia

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs12010010 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 10

Author(s):

Annunziata Romeo ◽

Agata Benfante ◽

Giuliano Carlo Geminiani ◽

Lorys Castelli

Keyword(s):

Psychological Distress ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Harm Avoidance ◽

Control Group ◽

Defense Style ◽

Defense Styles ◽

Character Inventory ◽

Psychopathological Disorders

Background: Previous studies have shown that many personality traits are associated with fibromyalgia (FM), worsening both the quality of life and psychological distress of patients. Despite the high comorbidity of psychopathological disorders in this syndrome and their association with immature defense styles, few studies have examined the defense mechanisms used by FM patients. The main aim of our study was to investigate personality traits and defense mechanisms in FM patients compared to in a healthy control group (HC). Moreover, we investigated the effect of personality traits and defense mechanisms on psychological distress in both FM and HC groups. Methods: A total of 54 women with FM and 54 healthy women completed the (1) Temperament and Character Inventory—Revised; (2) the Toronto Alexithymia Scale; (3) the Defense Style Questionnaire; and (4) the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: The results indicated that FM patients display higher alexithymia, higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness, lower persistence, and the higher use of a maladaptive defense style compared to HC. We found that alexithymia, harm avoidance, and maladaptive defense style are significant predictors of patients’ psychological distress. Moreover, harm avoidance and adaptive defense style significantly predicted psychological distress in the HC group. Conclusion: The present study is the first to explore the contribution of both defense mechanisms and personality characteristics on the psychological distress of FM patients. Our findings have important clinical implications and may help diagnose and treat FM patients more in depth.

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A comparison of the effectiveness of group reality therapy and positive psychotherapy on irrational beliefs and psychological hardiness in brilliant talent students

Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.34172/jsums.2019.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38

Author(s):

Safar Abdi ◽

Tayebeh Sharifi ◽

Ahmad Qazanfari ◽

Kamal Solati

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Irrational Beliefs ◽

Reality Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Positive Psychotherapy ◽

Psychological Hardiness ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Hoc

Background and aims: Irrational beliefs in brilliant talent students can influence their psychological hardiness and lead to adverse social and academic outcomes. The present study mainly aimed to compare the effectiveness of group reality therapy and positive psychotherapy in improving the irrational beliefs and psychological hardiness of male brilliant talent high school students in Shahrekord during 2017. Methods: The present experimental research, used pretest and posttest design including intervention and control groups. The study population included all the male gifted students in Shahrekord (N=276) who were first screened and then, 60 individuals were selected by convenience random sampling. Next, the individuals were assigned a number and then divided into two experimental groups (each containing 20 students) and one control group (including 20 students) using a random number table. Afterward, group reality therapy and positive psychotherapy interventions were performed within eight and ten weeks for the experimental groups, respectively. In addition, Jones Irrational Beliefs Test (IBT) and Kobasa’s Psychological Hardiness Scale were employed to data collection. Six months after post-test implementation, the students were followed up. Finally, the data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: The findings revealed that group reality therapy and positive psychotherapy led to a decrease in irrational beliefs while such therapies improved psychological hardiness in brilliant talent students (P<0.001). Conversely, the results of the post-hoc test indicated no significant difference between the effects of group reality therapy and positive psychotherapy on irrational beliefs and psychological hardiness in brilliant talent students (P>0.05). Conclusion: In general, group reality therapy and positive psychotherapy reduced irrational beliefs whereas they improved psychological hardiness of the brilliant talent students and therefore, these therapies can be used as effective interventions for the intended population.

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Comparative Study on Teaching Reading Using Know, Want, Learnt (KWL) and Direct Instruction Method (DIM)

English Education ◽

10.20961/eed.v6i2.35944 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 169

Author(s):

Gabriela Puspita Nagri ◽

Ngadiso Ngadiso ◽

Teguh Sarosa

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Reading Skill ◽

Reading Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Teaching Reading ◽

School Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Experimental Group

The aims of this research are to find out: (1) whether there is a significant difference in reading skill between the students taught by using KWL method and those taught by using DIM; and (2) whether KWL method is more effective than DIM to teach reading. This experimental study used 22 students for the experimental group and 22 students for the control group. The data were collected by using reading test and then analyzed by using t-test formula. The computation of the data shows that the t-observation (to) is 1.988, which is higher than the t-table (42, 0.05): 1.960. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in reading skill between the students taught by using KWL method and those taught by using DIM. The mean of the group of students taught by using KWL method is 75.14, while the mean of the group of students taught by using DIM is 69.13. Therefore, it can be concluded that KWL method is more effective to teach reading than DIM for junior high school students.

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Effectiveness of Al-Thariqah Al-Intiqaiyyah in Improving Arabic Learning Outcomes for Islamic Senior High School Students

IZDIHAR ◽

10.22219/jiz.v2i3.10108 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 201

Author(s):

Miftachul Janah ◽

Afif Kholisun Nashoih

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Learning Outcomes ◽

Test Score ◽

Senior High School ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Science Major

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning Arabic in improving learning outcomes by using Al-Thariqah Al-Intiqaiyyah in tenth class of science major at Islamic Senior High School 3 Jombang. This study used a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group pre-test post-test design. The population in this study were all tenth classes of science major at Islamic Senior High School 3 Jombang while the sample was tenth class of science major 8 as a control class and tenth class of science major 6 as an experimental class. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. From the test data, it can be seen that the average outcomes of the experimental class and the control class has increased. The average pre-test score of the control class was 55.25 and the average post-test score was 79.25 while the average pre-test score of the experimental class was 55.25 and the average post-test score was 87. Based on the results of the SPSS 16.0 analysis, sig values were obtained. (2-tailed) of the experimental class and the control class post-test was 0.00 which means less than 0.05. So it can be concluded that H1 is accepted then there is a significant difference between the experimental class post-test and the control class post-test. H1 acceptance proves that Al-Thariqah Al-Intiqaiyyah was effective in improving Arabic learning outcomes in tenth class of science major at Islamic Senior High School 3 Jombang.

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Stimulating Students’ Argumentation using Drawing – based Modeling on The Concept of Ecosystem

International Journal of Science and Applied Science Conference Series ◽

10.20961/ijsascs.v2i1.16688 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

E N Sumarni ◽

A Widodo ◽

R Solihat

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Group Data ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Post Test ◽

Quasi Experimental ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Level 2

Drawing – based modeling as learning approach, it allows students to create models based on drawing which help them to run a simulation. Students can use drawing–based modeling to learn a pair of interacting population known as predato–prey system while they usually conducted practicum using diagram of organisms. This study was to explore students’ argumentation and students’ understanding on the concept of the ecosystem. The study was conducted quasi – experimental using the matching – only post-test – only control group design. The participants consist of 60 grade 10 senior high school students in Subang, West Java. They are placed into two groups, 30 students in the experimental group and 30 students in the control group. Data was collected through argumentation test and selected response test for assessing students’ understanding. Students’ argumentation were analyzed using Toulmin’s argumentation pattern and statistical analysis. The result showed there is no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group for students’ argumentation. Most of the students are predominantly at level 2. But the coherency of arguments of the experimental group is more coherent than the control group. It means that the students in experimental group can make logical claim and supported by the correct and relevant grounds (data, warrant, and backing). The result of students’ understanding showed there is a significant mean score between the experimental group and the control group whether 72.33 for the experimental group and 62.13 for the control group

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The Implementation of Tactical Approach in Developing Football Games Performance and Understanding of Junior High School Students

JURNAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA ◽

10.17509/jpjo.v5i1.23393 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

S Sucipto

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Junior High School Students ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference

The purpose of this study was to implement the tactical approach in developing junior high school students’ understanding and games performance in football. The method used in this research was experimental method with pre-test post-test control group design. The research involved two groups, including experimental group with tactical approach intervention and a group with technical approach intervention for developing understanding and skills in playing football of junior high school students. Two instruments were used in this study, namely (1) cognition instrument, multiple choice type, with C1 to C3 difficulty levels to measure students’ understanding in football games learning and (2) Game Performance Assessment Instrumen (GPAI) for measuring football games performance. The reseach involved junior high school students in Bandung. The data collected were analysed by using one-way MANOVA to see the relationship between the groups related to the development of uderstanding and enjoyment. The result of the analysis showed that the t value of understanding variable was -1.64 and significant at the level 0,05 (0,05≤ 0,05) with mean differences -1.32. It showed that there was a significant difference between the tactical and technical group in understanding aspect. Meanwhile, in football games performancevariable, the t value was -5.71 and significant at the level 0,00 (0,00 ≤ 0,05) with mean difference -3.97. It showed that there was a significant difference between the tactical and technical group in football playing skills. According to the result of analysis, it concludes that (1) The implementation of the tactical approach had an effect on students’ understanding in football games learning, (2) The implementation of tactical approach had an effect on games performance of the students in football games learning. AbstrakTujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengimplementasikan pendekatan taktis terhadap pengembangan pemahaman dan keterampilan bermain sepak bola siswa SMP. Metode yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan pretest posttest control group design. Melibatkan dua kelompok, yaitu satu kelompok eksperimen dengan intervensi pendekatan taktis dan satu kelompok dengan intervensi pendekatan teknis (tradisional) terhadap pengembangan pemahaman dan keterampilan bermain sepakbola siswa SMP. Terdapat dua instrument yang akan digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) instrument kognisi jenis multiple choise pada tingkat kesukaran C1 sampai dengan C3 yang akan digunakan untuk mengukur pemahaman siswa dalam permbelajaran bermain sepak bola, (2) instrument tes keterampilan bermain sepakbola dengan menggunakan Game Permomance Assessment Instrumen (GPAI). Penelitian akan dilakukan pada siswa-siswi SMP dilingkungan kota Bandung. Semua data yang diperoleh akan analisis dengan menggunakan teknik manova satu jalur yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antar kelompok baik pada pengembangan pemahaman dan kesenangan secara bersama-sama maupun masing-masing variabel. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pada variable pemahaman diperoleh nilai t sebesar -1.64 dan signifikan pada 0,05 (0,05 ≤ 0,05) dengan mean difference sebesar -1.32. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok taktis dan teknis terhadap pemahaman Sedangkan pada variable keterampilan bermain sepak bola diperoleh nilai t sebesar -5.71 dan signifikan pada 0,00 (0,00 ≤ 0,05) dengan mean difference sebesar -3.97. Hal tersebut menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok taktis dan teknis terhadap keterampilan bermain sepak bola. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa (1) Implementasi pendekatan taktis memberikan pengaruh terhadap pemahaman siswa dalam pembalajaran sepak bola, (2) Implementasi pendekatan taktis memberikan pengaruh terhadap keterampilan dasar bermain sepak bola siswa dalam pembalajaran sepak bola.

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EFFECT OF EXERCISE ON THE FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

SPORT I ZDRAVLJE ◽

10.7251/sizen0119023g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bojan Guzina ◽

Miroslav Markovic

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Physical Education ◽

Secondary Students ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Control Group ◽

Full Time ◽

Functional Abilities ◽

School Students ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Margaria Test

The aim of the research is to study the effects that exercise models have on the functional abilities of secondary students. The sample consisted of high school students in Krusevac, ages 15 and 16, enrolled in full-time physical education and the training process in additional physical education classes. A total of 112 subjects was divided into two sub-samples: The first sub-sample of 56 subjects comprised the experimental group. Here, students are enrolled in regular physical education classes and training three times a week to realize a model of motor exercises (flexibility) in the process of conditioning in additional physical education classes.The second sub-sample of 56 subjects, included in regular physical education classes only, constitutes the control group of respondents. The sample of variables consisted of: a vital lung capacity, pulse rate after load, Margaria test of anaerobic capacity.We analyzed the results of the T-test of functional ability between initial and final measurement of subjects. After analysis of the obtained results, it is concluded that there is a statistically significant difference in the pulse rate after loading (FPPOP .000) and Margaria test (FMARG .000).

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Pengaruh Field Trip terhadap Kemampuan Literasi Sains dan Sikap terhadap Sains Siswa SMA pada Materi Ekosistem

Assimilation: Indonesian Journal of Biology Education ◽

10.17509/aijbe.v1i1.11449 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Anita Nurlela Dinata ◽

Yusuf Hilmi Adisendjaja ◽

Amprasto Amprasto

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Scientific Literacy ◽

Field Trip ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Quasi Experimental

The aim of this research is to know the influence of field trip on scientific literacy and attitude towards science of senior high school students before and after the field trip implemetation in ecosystem learning. The research was conducted in SMAN I Pangalengan. The method which was used in this research is Quasi Experimental with Nonequivalent Control Group Design as the design. The result shows that there are significant difference in scientific literacy between the control class where discussion was applied and the experimental class where field trip was applied, with t = 0.003 and α = 0.05. The result also shows that there is a significant attitude between the control and experimental class, with t = 0.003 and α = 0.05. Those results show that field trip gives significant effect on high school student's scientific literacy and attitude towards science in ecosystem concept.

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Nutrition education programme changes food intake and baseball performance in high-school students

Health Education Journal ◽

10.1177/0017896920974061 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 001789692097406

Author(s):

Yukiko Ueda ◽

Mayuri Sawamoto ◽

Tomomi Kobayashi ◽

Chiho Myojin ◽

Chikae Sakamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

High Schools ◽

Food Intake ◽

Nutrition Education ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Education Programme ◽

Dietary Behaviour ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nutrition education programme using the Convenient, Attractive, Normative (CAN) framework to facilitate changes in mindset, attitudes and behaviours towards food among high-school male baseball players. Design: Quasi-experimental design. Setting: Two public high schools in Osaka, Japan. Methods: Students in two high schools (mean age ± SD, 16.6 ± .5 years) participated in the study. One school served as an intervention group ( n = 28) and received the CAN nutrition education programme. The other school served as a control group ( n = 22), and students within it did not receive the intervention. Students in the intervention group received three nutrition lecture sessions and face-to-face individual nutritional guidance over a 4 month intervention period. Before and after the intervention, all students were asked to record their food and beverage intake by taking food pictures, recording portion weights and sending these to the project dietitian. They were also asked to develop a dietary behaviour plan for meeting their goals. At the end of the intervention, they were asked about their experiences. Results: Students in the intervention improved their food intake, dietary balance and athletic performance. Bat swing speed was significantly faster following the intervention. Body weight increased without changing lean body mass in both groups. Conclusion: Results suggest that a CAN nutrition education programme may be effective in increasing motivation and promote dietary behaviour change among male adolescent athletes. Future interventions should examine these motivational processes and investigate the factors contributing to well-balanced meals.

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MODEL QUANTUM WRITING BERBASIS KECERDASAN INTERPERSONAL DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS ARTIKEL (EKSPERIMEN KUASI PADA SISWA SMA TALENTA BANDUNG)

Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang ◽

10.36989/didaktik.v7i01.176 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

Rendy Triandy ◽

Aries Setia Nugraha ◽

Adi Rustandi

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Learning Process ◽

Hypothesis Test ◽

T Test ◽

Control Group ◽

School Students ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Model Based ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this research was to determine the profile of learning, the learning process and the effectiveness of the application of quantum writing model based of interpersonal intelligence in teaching high school students write articles on subjects Talenta Bandung High School. The reseach design used is Nonequivalen (pretest-posttest) Control Group Design, which is a quasi-experimental research using all subjects in the study group (intac group) for treatment, instead of using subjects drawn randomly. Data collection instruments used were a matter of a test to measure the ability to write articles and guides observation and interviews. Analysis data technique used was Statistic Descrivtif, t test (paired-sample t-test) and independent sample t-test using SPSS version 22. The results showed that the learning profile is still using the curriculum KTSP, while directing students to the learning process easier to develop ideas into writing through the application of quantum writing model based of interpersonal intelligence. Hypothesis test results mean gain score on the test t-table is 0, 001 is smaller than the real level of testing (α) of 0.05, which means that Ho refused and Ha is received, there is a significant difference between the results of the experimental class learning with learning outcomes in control class. This shows that the quantum writing model of based interpersonal intelligence can improve students' ability to write articles in Indonesian subjects in Talenta Bandung high school.

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