Actual Field Data Show that Production Costs of Polymer Flooding Can Be Lower than Water Flooding

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang Demin ◽  
Zhao Lanshui ◽  
Cheng Jiecheng ◽  
Wu Junzheng
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Actual Field

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of power-operated reapers for harvesting rice at farmers’ field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-150
Author(s):  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
Anwar Hossen ◽  
AKM Saiful Islam ◽  
Monjurul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Wage ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
User Friendly

Harvesting is one of the major labor intensive works in rice cultivation. Appropriate harvesting machinery is urgently needed to reduce labor and production costs. Production cost of rice becomes high due to labor shortage and high wage rate during harvesting time. Techno-economic performance of Korean self-propelled reaper (KR), China self-propelled reaper (CR) and BRRI reaper (BR) were evaluated in order to identify the field constrains and problems of the reapers at Mithapukur of Rangpur, Bangladesh during Aman season of 2013. The actual field capacities of the KR, CR and BR were found 0.18, 0.17 and 0.15 ha h–1with the corresponding field efficiency of 55, 68 and 56%, respectively. The variation of field capacity among the models was due to turning time losses, weight of the reaper and operator’s skill. The fuel consumption of the reapers was 4.11, 2.61 and 8.39 l ha–1 for KR, CR and BR, respectively. The shattering loss of paddy harvesting was 1.66, 1.50 and 1.45% for KR, CR and BR, respectively. The break-even area of the reapers was 9.15, 7.82 and 8.43 ha yr-1 for KR, CR and BR, respectively. It is evident that the reaper could be used successfully as labor saving and user friendly technology to eliminate post-harvest problems in Bangladesh.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 144-150, April 2018

An Easy Calculation Method on Sweep Efficiency of Chemical Flooding

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 496-501
Author(s):  
Fu Qing Yuan ◽  
Zhen Quan Li
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Solution Viscosity ◽  
Chemical Flooding ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Sweep Efficiency ◽  
Easy Calculation ◽  
Polymer Compound

According to the geological parameters of Shengli Oilfield, sweep efficiency of chemical flooding was analyzed according to injection volume, injection-production parameters of polymer flooding or surfactant-polymer compound flooding. The orthogonal design method was employed to select the important factors influencing on expanding sweep efficiency by chemical flooding. Numerical simulation method was utilized to analyze oil recovery and sweep efficiency of different flooding methods, such as water flooding, polymer flooding and surfactant-polymer compound flooding. Finally, two easy calculation models were established to calculate the expanding degree of sweep efficiency by polymer flooding or SP compound flooding than water flooding. The models were presented as the relationships between geological parameters, such as effective thickness, oil viscosity, porosity and permeability, and fluid parameters, such as polymer-solution viscosity and oil-water interfacial tension. The precision of the two models was high enough to predict sweep efficiency of polymer flooding or SP compound flooding.

scholarly journals Food waste volume and composition in households in Greece

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Food Item ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Urban Households ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Capita Food ◽  
Per Capita

<p>The purpose of this paper is the presentation of the results compiled from self weighing of household food waste and self filling of waste collection diaries that took place in Greece. A diary was compiled and given to 101 urban households in various areas of the country. The participants were asked to weigh and write down in the diary every food item wasted in their households for two full weeks (i.e., 14 days). The total per capita food waste generation in Greece is estimated to be 76.1 (±68.3) kg/inh.y. This figure is divided into the avoided food waste fraction which equals to 25.9 (±34.9) kg/inh.y, and the unavoidable fraction which is estimated to be 50.2 (±47.1) kg/inh.y. The use of diaries for recording food that is thrown away from households is a methodology that underestimates the food wasted in households because households tend to be cautious when they know that they have to weigh and report the amount of food that they throw away. The current research is the first of its kind, presenting actual field data for food waste generation by households in Greece.</p>

scholarly journals SURFACTANT-POLYMER FLOODING PERFORMANCE IN HETEROGENEOUS TWO-LAYERED POROUS MEDIA

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Taufiq Fathaddin ◽  
Asri Nugrahanti ◽  
Putri Nurizatulshira Buang ◽  
Khaled Abdalla Elraies
Keyword(s):  
Porous Media ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Residual Oil ◽  
Oil Saturation ◽  
Reservoir Heterogeneity ◽  
Residual Oil Saturation ◽  
Layered Porous Media ◽  
Multiple Porosity

In this paper, simulation study was conducted to investigate the effect of spatial heterogeneity of multiple porosity fields on oil recovery, residual oil and microemulsion saturation. The generated porosity fields were applied into UTCHEM for simulating surfactant-polymer flooding in heterogeneous two-layered porous media. From the analysis, surfactant-polymer flooding was more sensitive than water flooding to the spatial distribution of multiple porosity fields. Residual oil saturation in upper and lower layers after water and polymer flooding was about the same with the reservoir heterogeneity. On the other hand, residual oil saturation in the two layers after surfactant-polymer flooding became more unequal as surfactant concentration increased. Surfactant-polymer flooding had higher oil recovery than water and polymer flooding within the range studied. The variation of oil recovery due to the reservoir heterogeneity was under 9.2%.

Supporting New Insight in Pipeline Hydrodynamics Using Stochastic Approaches on External Corrosion Damage

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahiraniza Mustaffa ◽  
Pieter van Gelder
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Corrosion Damage ◽  
Circular Cylinders ◽  
Fluid Structure Interactions ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Subsea Pipeline ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
External Flows ◽  
External Corrosion

Several recent discoveries in the fluid-structure interactions between the external flows and circular cylinders placed close to the wall have added new values to the hydrodynamics of unburied marine pipelines on a seabed. The hydrodynamics of waves and/or currents introduced vortex flows surrounding the pipeline. External corrosions formed in marine pipelines were assumed to be partly contributed by such fluid-structure interactions. The spatial consequences of such interactions were of interest of this study. This paper summarized some experimental and numerical works carried out by previous researchers on these new discoveries. Actual field data were utilized in this study to support this hypothesis. The characteristics of corrosion orientations in the pipelines were studied comprehensively using stochastic approaches and results were discussed. Results adopted from the field data acknowledged well to the hypothesis from the reported literature. The updated knowledge from this fluid-structure interaction is hoped to be given more attention by the industry and perhaps to be incorporated into the current subsea pipeline designs.

scholarly journals Hybrid Engineered Water–Polymer Flooding in Carbonates: A Review of Mechanisms and Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 6087
Author(s):  
Mariam Shakeel ◽  
Peyman Pourafshary ◽  
Muhammad Rehan Hashmet
Keyword(s):  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polymer Flooding ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Water Flooding ◽  
Wettability Alteration ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
High Salinity Water

The fast depletion of oil reserves has steered the petroleum industry towards developing novel and cost-effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in order to get the most out of reservoirs. Engineered water–polymer flooding (EWPF) is an emerging hybrid EOR technology that uses the synergetic effects of engineered water (EW) and polymers to enhance both the microscopic and macroscopic sweep efficiencies, which mainly results from: (1) the low-salinity effect and the presence of active ions in EW, which help in detachment of carboxylic oil material from the rock surface, wettability alteration, and reduction in the residual oil saturation; (2) the favorable mobility ratio resulting from the use of a polymer; and (3) the improved thermal and salinity resistance of polymers in EW. Various underlying mechanisms have been proposed in the literature for EW EOR effects in carbonates, but the main driving factors still need to be understood properly. Both polymer flooding (PF) and EW have associated merits and demerits. However, the demerits of each can be overcome by combining the two methods, known as hybrid EWPF. This hybrid technique has been experimentally investigated for both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs by various researchers. Most of the studies have shown the synergistic benefits of the hybrid method in terms of two- to four-fold decreases in the polymer adsorption, leading to 30–50% reductions in polymer consumption, making the project economically viable for carbonates. EWPF has resulted in 20–30% extra oil recovery in various carbonate coreflood experiments compared to high-salinity water flooding. This review presents insights into the use of hybrid EWPF for carbonates, the main recovery driving factors in the hybrid process, the advantages and limitations of this method, and some areas requiring further work.

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