scholarly journals Development of a WC-based cemented carbide using stainless steel as binder and titanium carbide

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Fidelis Silva ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo ◽  
Bárbara Ferreira de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma

Cemented carbides belong to the most common and most important cutting tool materials, representing about half of the global market. To date, cemented carbides of the WC-Co system are preferred because they have an excellent combination of hardness, wear resistance and fracture toughness. However, substitutes for cobalt have been researched due to its toxicity, shortage and high cost. Promising results have shown that it is possible to achieve properties like the cemented carbides of the WC-Co system using stainless steels. In view of this, in this work a cemented carbides will be produced using WC, stainless steel, TiC and C. The addition of TiC is intended to inhibit the growth of grains at high temperatures, while C will be added to suppress the lack of carbon it takes to the formation of phases η. Samples will be manufactured using the spark plasma pulsed sintering process at different temperatures. From Archimedes' principle, the density of the samples and the densification promoted by each sintering temperature will be determined. Vickers microhardness and hardness tests will be carried out. Through indentation of the Vickers hardness test, the lengths of the cracks formed will be measured to determine the fracture toughness. It is expected, from this combination of components of the system, to produce a cemented carbides with high hardness, toughness and densification. The results of this work will be compared with data found in the literature to verify the feasibility of its use.

scholarly journals Spark plasma sintering of cemented carbide WC-10% wt. AISI 304L cemented carbides using nanopowders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ítalo Trindade Rosário Pessanha ◽  
Sara Fidelis Silva ◽  
Vithoria Réggia Gomes Pessanha ◽  
Michel Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Márcia Giardinieri de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Aisi 304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

Tungsten carbide (WC) cemented carbides with alternative binders to cobalt have been researched due to the low availability, high cost and toxicity of this element. Promising results have been found for the use of austenitic stainless steel microparticles of AISI 304L as binders in cemented carbides, since they have good wettability with WC and produce materials with mechanical properties and corrosion resistance comparable to cemented from the WC-Co system. In this context, this work aims to produce cemented carbides using a combination of WC nanoparticles and 10% AISI 304L stainless steel. The production of these composites will be carried out via sintering by spark plasma sintering at different temperatures. Density, densification, microstructure, hardness and fracture toughness of the samples will be analysed. It is expected to show the benefits of using nanoparticles to produce carbide, in addition to the effects of temperature in the sintering process. Finally, a comparison will be made with data found in the literature on cemented carbides from the WC-Co system that will indicate the possibility of replacing AISI 304L as a binder of these materials.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Dental Feldsphatic Porcelains for Metal and Zirconia Core

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1104-1107
Author(s):  
Antonio Alves de Almeida-Junior ◽  
Gelson Luis Adabo ◽  
Beatriz Regalado Galvão ◽  
Diogo Longhini ◽  
Claudinei dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Dental Prostheses ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fixed Dental Prostheses ◽  
Intermediate Value

Studies has been reported a significant incidence of chipping of the feldspathic porcelain veneer in zirconia-based restorations. The purpose of this study was to compare the three-point flexural strength (MPa), Weibull parameters, Vickers hardness (VHN) and Vickers indentation fracture toughness (MPa/mm1/2) in feldspatic porcelains for metal and for zirconia frameworks. Bar specimens were made with the porcelains e.MaxCeram (EM) and VitaVM9 (V9) for zirconia core, and Duceragold (DG) and VitaVMK95 (VK) for metal core (n= 15). Kruskal-Wallis and Dun test were used for statistical analysis. There was no significant difference (p=0.31) among the porcelains in the flexural strength (Median= 73.2; 74.6; 74.5; 74.4). Weibull calculation presented highest reliability for VK (10.8) followed by EM (7.1), V9 (5.7) and DG (5.6). Vickers hardness test showed that EM (536.3), V9 (579.9) and VK (522.1) had no difference and DG (489.6) had the lowest value (p.001). The highest fracture toughness was to VK (1.77), DG (1.58) had an intermediate value while V9 (1.33) and EM (1.18) had the lowest values (p.001). Despite of the suitable flexural strength, reliability and high hardness, the porcelains used to zirconia-based fixed dental prostheses showed lower fracture toughness values.

Corrosion-Resistance of Ni3Al Intermetallic Compounds Containing Cr Synthesized via Spark Plasma Sintering Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 1006-1009
Author(s):  
Nian Liu ◽  
Guo Dong Zhang ◽  
Jin Lu Wu ◽  
Fu Ju Zhang ◽  
Jian Qiang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Anode Polarization ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Spark Plasma

Ni3Al intermetallic compounds containing Cr was synthesized via Spark Plasma Sintering process. These Ni3Al intermetallic compounds containing Cr have a nearly full density after sintered at 1100 °C for 5 min under the pressure of 40MPa. Microstructure and hardness of these intermetallic compounds was studied through metallograph observation and micro hardness tests. Their formation and strengthening mechanisms were analyzed and discussed in detail. The influence of the chromium content on corrosion resistance of these intermetallic compounds was analyzed by anode polarization curves. Results show that the corrosion resistance of Ni3Al intermetallic compounds is upgraded significantly with increasing chromium content.

scholarly journals Influence of MXene (Ti3C2) Phase Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Nitride Ceramics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5221
Author(s):  
Jaroslaw Wozniak ◽  
Mateusz Petrus ◽  
Tomasz Cygan ◽  
Artur Lachowski ◽  
Bogusława Adamczyk-Cieślak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Spark Plasma

This paper discusses the influence of Ti3C2 (MXene) addition on silicon nitride and its impact on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the latter. Composites were prepared through powder processing and sintered using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technic. Relative density, hardness and fracture toughness, were analyzed. The highest fracture toughness at 5.3 MPa·m1/2 and the highest hardness at HV5 2217 were achieved for 0.7 and 2 wt.% Ti3C2, respectively. Moreover, the formation of the Si2N2O phase was observed as a result of both the MXene addition and the preservation of the α-Si3N4→β-Si3N4 phase transformation during the sintering process.

Preparation of Titanium/Strontia Composite by Powder Metallurgy for Biomedical Application

2012 ◽  
Vol 520 ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Cui'e Wen ◽  
Peter D. Hodgson ◽  
Yun Cang Li
Keyword(s):  
Powder Metallurgy ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Vacuum Sintering ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Spark Plasma

In this study, a Titanium (Ti) / Strontia (SrO) composite was prepared using powder metallurgy, with the aim of obtaining advanced Ti-based composites for use as bone implant materials. Ti/SrO composites with 3 wt% SrO were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and vacuum sintering (VS) processes. The particle morphology of ball-milled powders and the microstructure of the Ti/SrO composites were analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-spectroscope (EDX). The mechanical properties of the Ti/SrO composite were investigated using nanoindentation and hardness tests. The results showed that the Vickers hardness and nanohardness of the Ti/SrO composites fabricated by both processes were significantly higher than those of pure Ti. The Vickers hardness and nanohardness of Ti/SrO composites fabricated by the SPS process were higher than those prepared using the vacuum sintering process. The elastic modulus of Ti/SrO composites fabricated by the SPS process was higher than those samples fabricated by the vacuum sintering process which was similar to that of pure Ti.

Characterization of Titanium Powders Processed at Different Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 512-517
Author(s):  
A.A. Ribeiro ◽  
R.M. Balestra ◽  
T.S. Barros ◽  
S.S. Carvalho ◽  
L.R. Guzela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Titanium ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Processing Route ◽  
Hardness Tests ◽  
Bone Powder ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Titanium Powders ◽  
Good Biocompatibility

Titanium is the most adequate metallic material for orthopedic or dental implants fabrication, due to a very favorable combination of properties, when compared with other metals, such as good corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, relatively low density, elasticity modulus close to that of bone and good biocompatibility, which assures good adhesion/integration to bone. Powder metallurgy has been used for titanium based implants fabrication due to advantages such as the production of more complex shapes and reduction of machining operation. In this work, compacted pure titanium powders, consolidated by rolling at different temperatures, were characterized by means of optical microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) with Electron Back Scattering Diffraction (EBSD) analysis, automatic image analysis and hardness tests. The hardness of rolled samples increased from 200 to 400oC , which indicated that 300 to 400°C is the most adequate temperature range for this processing route, since it allowed obtaining low porosity with satisfactory and relatively high hardness.

scholarly journals Silicon carbide nanocomposites reinforced with disordered graphitic carbon formed in situ through oxidation of Ti3C2 MXene during sintering

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Petrus ◽  
J. Woźniak ◽  
T. Cygan ◽  
A. Lachowski ◽  
A. Rozmysłowska-Wojciechowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Powder Metallurgy Technique ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Sintering Method

AbstractThis article describes the manufacturing of silicon carbide composites with the addition of quasi-two-dimensional titanium carbide Ti3C2, known as MXene. The composites were obtained by the powder metallurgy technique, consolidated with the use of the Spark Plasma Sintering method at 1900 °C and dwelled for 30 min. The influence of the Ti3C2 MXene addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. The structure of the MXene phase after the sintering process was also analyzed. The results showed a significant increase (almost 50%) of fracture toughness for composites with the addition of 0.2 wt% Ti3C2 MXene. In turn, the highest hardness, 23.2 GPa, was noted for the composite with the addition of the 1.5 wt% Ti3C2 MXene phase. This was an increase of over 10% in comparison to the reference sample. The analysis of chemical composition and observations using a transmission electron microscope showed that the Ti3C2 MXene phase oxidizes during sintering, resulting in the formation of crystalline, highly defected, disordered graphite structures. The presence of these structures in the microstructure, similarly to graphene, significantly affects the hardness and fracture toughness of silicon carbide.

scholarly journals Rheological Behavior of Zirconia Added Alumina Mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.26) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Siti Norazlini Abd Aziz ◽  
Wan Saiful Sarhan Wan Saidi ◽  
Mimi Azlina Abu Bakar ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Injection Molding ◽  
Heating Rate ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Ceramic Injection Molding ◽  
Thermal Debinding ◽  
Zirconia Toughened Alumina

Zirconia and alumina are one of the materials that is widely used in medical industry. Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) have great    properties to be apply in the ceramic injection molding such as have high hardness and high strength. The powder used in this research are alumina and zirconia while the binder to be used in this research is using 100% single based binder of palm stearin (PS). Behavior of zirconia blended alumina was investigated by rheological testing at temperature 55°C. Two formulations were used which is 60% (alumina/zirconia) plus 40% PS and 64% (alumina/zirconia) plus 36% PS. The ratio of alumina and zirconia used in this research is fixed at (85:15) for both samples. Four basic process involved which is mixing process, injection molding, thermal debinding and sintering     process has been implemented to complete ceramic injection molding (CIM). Sample were performed the thermal debinding at a heating rate 0.5°C/min up to 700°C and sintering at heating rate 3°C/min for temperature 1400°C and 1600°C. The hardness was tested using Rockwell hardness test for both AZ60 and AZ64 sample. Highest hardness was obtained from the sample AZ64 at the temperature 1600 °C which is 109HRR compare to the 1400°C that achieved 95.3HRR.  

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