scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemicals of Cassia tora Linn. and it’s Cytotoxicity Assay using Brine Shrimp

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ansari Asba ◽  
Bhot Meeta
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Cassia Tora ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Ld50 Value

Cassia tora Linn. is a well known medicinal herb found as a rainy season weed throughout India. Various studies have been conducted in order to find out the applications of Cassia tora since many years and found various phytochemical present in the plant, contribute to the use of traditional medicine. Cytotoxicity of the plant is found due to some phytochemical present in the plant and thus this plant has found numerous applications in the medical field. Research Objective: The main aim of the research was to assess the effect of cytotoxicity of the plant extracts against Artemia salina. Brine shrimp lethality assay was used in this study to carry out the cytotoxicity assay. Thus, this research paper emphasizes on the screening of phytochemicals present in the various parts of the plant along with the cytotoxicity assay against Artemia salina. Results and Conclusion: The present study showed that the presence of phytochemicals vary with the plant parts and the effect of cytotoxicity on Brine shrimp was also observed with the LD50 value less than 100 µg/ mL which can be beneficial in the treatment of various cancers and tumors.

scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of the plant products using Brine Shrimp (Artemia salina L.) model

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mentor R. Hamidi ◽  
Blagica Jovanova ◽  
Tatjana Kadifkova Panovska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Starting Point

Many natural products could serve as the starting point in the development of modern medicines because of their numerous biological and pharmacological activities. However, some of them are known to carry toxicological properties as well. In order to achieve a safe treatment with plant products, numerous research studies have recently been focused on both pharmacology and toxicity of medicinal plants. Moreover, these studies employed efforts for alternative biological assays. Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is the most convenient system for monitoring biological activities of various plant species. This method is very useful for preliminary assessment of toxicity of the plant extracts. Rapidness, simplicity and low requirements are several advantages of this assay. However, several conditions need to be completed, especially in the means of standardized experimental conditions (temperature, pH of the medium, salinity, aeration and light). The toxicity of herbal extracts using this assay has been determined in a concentration range of 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml of the examined herbal extract. Most toxicity studies which use the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay determine the toxicity after 24 hours of exposure to the tested sample. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of the test samples is obtained by a plot of percentage of the dead shrimps against the logarithm of the sample concentration. LC50 values are estimated using a probit regression analysis and compared with either Meyer’s or Clarkson’s toxicity criteria. Furthermore, the positive correlation between Meyer’s toxicity scale for Artemia salina and Gosselin, Smith and Hodge’s toxicity scale for higher animal models confirmed that the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay is an excellent predictive tool for the toxic potential of plant extracts in humans.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Cytotoxicity, Acute Oral Toxicity, and Qualitative Phytochemical Screening of the Aqueous and Methanolic Stem-Bark Extracts of Croton megalocarpus Hutch. (Euphorbiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Kathare ◽  
◽  
James M Mbaria ◽  
Joseph M Nguta ◽  
Gervason A Moriasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Microbial Strains

Microbial infections are feared to cause over 10 million deaths by the year 2050, whereby 50% of the global burden squarely lies in less developed countries of Africa and Asian continents. The current drugs have suffered resistance by previously susceptible strains, are associated with severe side effects, among other therapeutic and economic drawbacks, hence the need for alternatives. Despite the widespread usage of medicinal plants by over 80% of the global population to treat common ailments, including microbial infections, only a few have been empirically validated. Croton megalocarpus is used to treat microbial-associated infections like pneumonia and typhoid among the Agikuyu community of Kenya. However, its healing claims and safety have not been evaluated empirically to date, hence this study. We investigated the antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, acute oral toxicity, and qualitative phytochemical composition of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of C. megalocarpus. The disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques described by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) were adopted for antimicrobial assays. The acute oral toxicity effects of the studied plant extracts were evaluated according to the Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline document number 425. The brine shrimp lethality assay technique was used to appraise the cytotoxic effects of the studied plant extracts. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed following standard procedures. The results revealed that all the studied plant extracts had varied antimicrobial effects on selected microbial strains and showed MIC values of <1000 µg/ml indicating their antimicrobial potential. Moreover, the studied plant extracts had LC50 values of >100 µg/ml and >2000 mg/Kg bw in the brine shrimp lethality and acute oral toxicity assays, respectively, demonstrating their safety. Antimicrobial- associated phytocompounds were detected in the studied plant extracts suggesting they were responsible for the reported bioactivity. Further studies to establish the specific mode(s) of antimicrobial action, toxicological, and safety should be performed. Furthermore, antimicrobial investigations of the studied plant extracts on other clinically significant microbial strains and the isolation, characterization, and optimization of antimicrobials from the studied plant extracts should be done.

Cytotoxicity Assay of Some Fungal Filtrates Using Artemia salina Leach (Brine Shrimp)

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Ali Siddiq ◽  
Amer- Zareen ◽  
S. Shahid Sha
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay

scholarly journals Brine shrimp lethality assay

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quazi Sahely Sarah ◽  
Fatema Chowdhury Anny ◽  
Mir Misbahuddin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Full Screen

<p>Brine shrimp lethality assay is an important tool for the preliminary cytotoxicity assay of plant extract and others based on the ability to kill a laboratory cultured larvae (nauplii). The nauplii were exposed to different concentrations of plant extract for 24 hours. The number of motile nauplii was calculated for the effectiveness of the extract. It is a simple, cost effective and requires small amount of test material.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay: 4 min 9 sec   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/QJY7SQogD0g">Full Screen</a>   <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QJY7SQogD0g">Alternate</a>   </p>

scholarly journals ACTIVE PHENOLIC CONSTITUENTS AND BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY ASSAY OF HYDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OF Plectranthus amboinicus

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Dayana Janakiraman ◽  
Parameswari Somasundaram
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Plectranthus Amboinicus

Objective: Plectranthus amboinicus, (PA) leaves contain pharmaceutically important phyto constituents that attribute to greater medicinal values. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the active principles present in the potent Hydroalcoholic extract of P.amboinicus and brine shrimp lethality studies to understand the toxicity profile of PA.Methods: An approach towards High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) screening of Hydroalcoholic extract of P.amboinicus and selective partitioning using various solvents such as Hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol were performed to identify the active principles present. Acute oral toxicity or brine shrimp lethality studies on Artemia salina L. using active fraction of PA were also attempted.Results: The HPLC profile of ethylacetate fraction of Hydroalcoholic extract showed flavonoids such as Rutin, quercetin, luteolin and gallic acid, which was found to be considerably different from Hydroalcoholic extract and this fraction also showed good acute oral toxicity effect and the LC50 value obtained was 198.630µg/ml.Conclusion: These results attribute to the pharmacological importance of the plant. Selective Isolation of individual phytochemical constituents and subjecting it to biological testing will definitely give promising results for medicinal field.

scholarly journals Synthesis and cytotoxicity assay using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test of Cinchonidine Isobutyrate Ester

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Mario Mario ◽  
Puspa Dewi Lotulung ◽  
Gian Primahana ◽  
Sylvia Rizky Prima ◽  
Muhammad Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxicity Assay ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Pass Through

This research was aimed to synthesize cinchonidine isobutyrate ester and conduct a preliminary assay for anticancer agent using cytotoxicity assay to Artemia salina Leach larva, or also known as brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Cinchonidine, a compound that has quinoline rings and quiniclidine ring, is a quinine analogue and stereoisomer of cinchonine. Cinchonidine is predicted to have anticancer activity. Synthesized ester was aimed to gain higher lipophilicity. Higher lipophilicity makes it easier for the compund to pass through cell membrane. The esterification process used DMAP as a catalyst, DCC as an activator, and isobutyric acid as a carboxilyc acid. Isobutyric acid is a type of short chained fatty acid that usually acts as an anticancer prodrugs. The product is identified by ESI-MS, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, dan 13C-NMR. Ester cinchonidine isobutyrate is gelatinous and colourless with yield of 21,77%. BSLT result showed that cinchonidine isobutyrate ester had LC50 value of 75.16 ppm which was more toxic than cinchonidine that had LC50 value of 99.2 ppm. It was proved that higher lipophilicity could increase pharmacology activity

scholarly journals TOKSISITAS AKUT DEKOK DAUN KERSEN (Muntingia calabura) MENGGUNAKAN METODE BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Rosa Fatimah ◽  
Bilal S A Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Muntingia Calabura

ABSTRACT Kersen (Muntingia calabura) leaf   is a kersen plant parts are usually processed by the community into traditional medicine in the form of a drink by boiling. The boiling process that is too long allows the secondary metabolite compounds contained in kersen leaf to be damaged or reduced, therefore it is necessary to do a screening test of secondary metabolites of decoction of kersen leaf, besides plants containing secondary metabolites can be toxic, so that testing needs to be done components of chemical compounds that have toxic activity. The aims of this study was to know the minimum concentration of acute toxic and component of decoction of kersen leaf. Toxicity testing was carried out using the BSLT method (Brine shrimp lethality test) with test animals using Artemia salina Leach larvae in each treatment with various concentrations of 250 mg L-1, mg L-1, 500 mg L-1, 1000 mg L-1, 1500 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 25000 mg L-1 and replication 3 times. The results of screening secondary metabolites were flavonoides, tannins, and alkaloids. The results of the acute toxicity test showed the LC50 value was 621.25 mg L-1. Key word: Kersen Leaf, decoction, toxicity, BSLT ABSTRAKDaun kersen (Muntingia calabura) merupakan bagian tanaman kersen yang biasanya diolah oleh masyarakat menjadi obat tradisional dalam bentuk minuman dengan cara direbus. Proses perebusan yang terlalu lama memungkinkan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada daun kersen menjadi rusak atau berkurang maka dari itu perlu dilakukan uji skrining senyawa metabolit sekunder pada daun rebusan daun kersen selain itu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder dapat bersifat toksik, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengujian mengenai komponen senyawa kimia yang memiliki aktivitas toksik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konsentrasi minimum dari rebusan daun kersen yang bersifat toksik. Pengujian toksisitas dilakukan menggunakan metode BSLT dengan hewan uji menggunakan larva Artemia salina Leach pada masing-masing perlakuan dengan variasi konsentrasi yaitu 250 mg L-1, mg L-1, 500 mg L-1,1000 mg L-1, 1500 mg L-1, 2000 mg L-1, 25000 mg L-1 dan dilakukan replikasi sebanyak 3 kali. Dari hasil skrining metabolit sekunder diketahui bhawa rebusan daun kersen memilki senyawa metabolit sekunder flavonid, tanin, dan alkaloid. Hasil uji toksisitas menunjukkan bahwa rebusan daun kersen dapat memberikan efek toksik akut pada hewan uji dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 621,25 mg L-1. Kata Kunci: Daun kersen, Rebusan, toksisitas, BSLT

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Activity of Parmelia perlata Extracts against Artemia Salina

2016 ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
M. Mayilsamy ◽  
K. Geetharamanan
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Antitumor Properties ◽  
Bio Assay

The brine shrimp lethality bio assay represents a rapid, inexpensive and simple bioassay for testing plant extracts bioactivity which in most cases correlates reasonably well with cytotoxic and antitumor properties. The assay is considered to be a very useful tool for preliminary assessment of toxicity. In the present study the lichen Parmelia perlata was extracted with solvents of varying polarity such as hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol and tested for hatch inhibition of cysts of Artemia salina and cytotoxic activities against Artemia salina naupilii. The highest cytotoxic potential among all the plant extracts tested was explored from the hexane extract of P. perlata which showed 100% brine shrimp mortality at 100ppm. The least activity among all the plant extracts was found in the methanol extract of  P. perlata.

scholarly journals Assessment cytotoxic assay of Rhizophora plants mangrove using brine shrimp (Artemia salina L) model

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012070
Author(s):  
I Indriaty ◽  
B Ginting ◽  
K Hasballah ◽  
Djufri
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Cytotoxic Assay ◽  
Natural Sources ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Main Family

Abstract Rhizophoraceae is the main family of mangroves as a source of bioactive compounds originating from the coast. Ethnophamacologically Rhizophoraceae has been used in various traditional medicine. Natural sources as anticancer from the Rhizophoraceae family are interesting to know. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxic bioactivity of methanolic extracts of roots, bark, leaves, and fruit/hypocotyl from five species of Rhizophoraceae (Bruguieria cylindrica, B. gymnorrhiza, Ceriops decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, and R. mucronata) from the Langsa mangrove forest, Aceh. The method used in this study was the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) bioassay using Artemia salina Leach at extract concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 500, and 1000 μg/ml. Samples were extracted using the maceration method and methanol as the solvent. The cytotoxic activity of 20 Rhizophoraceae methanol extracts showed that 12 extracts were toxic with an LC50 range of 31.5 - 934.9 μg/ml (based on LC50 ≤ 1000 μg/ml). The two extracts of which the closest to highly toxic (based on LC50 ≤ 30 μg/ml) were C. decandra bark showed LC50 of 31.5 μg/ml, and R. mucronata bark showed LC50 31.8 μg/ml. This shows that Rhizophoraceae extract has potential as a natural anticancer agent. In the five rhizophoraceae species, C. decandra was the most active compared to other species. In the four plant parts, the bark was the most toxic.

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