scholarly journals Voided urine test to diagnose prostate cancer: Preliminary report

CytoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
R.B. Nerli ◽  
Shridhar C. Ghagane ◽  
Saziya R. Bidi ◽  
Madhukar L. Thakur ◽  
Leonard Gomella
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor

Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy affecting elderly male. At present, PCa is estimated using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Prostate biopsy remains the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of PCa. In this preliminary study, we have assessed the feasibility of detecting PCa using voided urine by targeting the genomic vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC) expressed on malignant PCa cells. Material and Methods: Patients ≥40 years old, with no lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and serum PSA levels of <1.6 ng/mL formed the control group and patients ≥40 years old, with LUTS and serum PSA >2.6 ng/ mL formed the study group. Patients were advised to give the first 50 mL of voided urine sample for the detection of malignant markers by targeting the VPAC. The results of histopathological studies were then compared to the results of urine biomarker. Results: The study revealed absence of malignant markers in 75 patients (control group). In the study group, all the 33 patients with adenocarcinoma were positive for malignant markers in the biomarker study and absence of malignant markers in the 32 patients with benign histology. The results of the biomarker studies and histopathology were consistent with each other. Conclusion: This preliminary study validates our belief that patients with PCa do shed malignant cells in the urine which can be identified by targeting the VPAC. The investigation is easy and our data appear to be highly encouraging and further serve as a simple, reliable, and a non-invasive tool in the detection of PCa.

scholarly journals Detection of TMPRSS2-ERG Fusion Transcript in Biopsy Specimen of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Single Centre Experience

PRILOZI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Trifunovski ◽  
Aleksandar Dimovski ◽  
Sasho Dohcev ◽  
Sotir Stavridis ◽  
Oliver Stankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Carcinoma ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Fusion Transcript ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractIntroduction: Prostate carcinoma is the most frequent malign neoplasm among men with an ever-growing incidence rate. TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript leads to the androgen induction of ERG proto-oncogenes expression, representing a high presence of oncogenes alteration among prostate tumour cells.Aim: The aim of this research was to detect and evaluate theTMPRSS2-ERG fuse transcript in the tissues of patients with prostate cancer, and establish a base of material of these samples for further genetic examination.Materials and methods: The research was a prospective clinical study that involved and focused on random sampling of 101 patients (62 with prostate cancer-study group and 39 with benign changes in the prostate-control group). Real time PCR analysis for detection of the TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript in prostate tissue was performed and also data from the histopathology results of tissues were used, as well as data for the level of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) in blood.Results: TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript was detected in 20 out of 62 (32.2%) patients with prostate carcinoma and among no patients with benign changes whatsoever. There were no significant differences between patients with/without detected TMPRSS2-ERG fusion related to Gleason score. Among 50%, in the study group this score was greater than 7 per/for Median IQR=7 (6-8). Significant difference was recognized, related to the average value of PSA in favour of significantly higher value of PSA in the study group with prostate cancer, but there was also no significant difference between samples with prostate cancer who were with/without detected TMPRSS2-ERG fusion transcript related to PSA level.Discussion: The results from this research are in accordance with the values and results from analyses done in several research centres and oncological institutes.Conclusion: The positive findings in small scale studies encourage the implementation of larger scale studies that will be enriched with results of genetic transcript in blood and urine and will define the positive diagnostic meaning of the TMPRSS-ERG fusion transcript.

scholarly journals Prostate-Specific antigen value and micro RNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Aydemir Asdemir ◽  
Sevgi Durna Dastan ◽  
Esat Korgali ◽  
Tugba Yildiz Asdemir ◽  
Huseyin Saygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Micro Rnas

Objective: It is necessary to provide PSA alternatives or methods that can be used in conjunction with PSA to regress complications rising from negative biopsies and to increase diagnostic value. Patients and Methods: The study is consisting of 59 men as the sample group. Blood samples from the individuals are grouped as prostate cancer and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) groups. 27 prostate cancer patients whom some of them also operated are assembled in the patients group and the other 32 individuals are grouped as BPH group. Micro RNA expression levels evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: Prostate cancer group when compared with the control group, it is observed that expression levels of miRNA-221 and miRNA-432 increased while expression levels of miRNA-17-5p, miRNA-30c, miRNA-107, miRNA-141, miRNA-145, miRNA-181a-2, miRNA-331-3p, miRNA-574-3p decreased and expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-375 are quite similar between the groups. Conclusion: The prospect of strong and sensitive serum miRNA expression levels in prostate cancer cases which are easily detectable by non-invasive methods as biomarkers is a promising field of study. Nevertheless, it is currently necessary to work in conjunction with both tissue and serum to enhance both sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs as biomarkers. As such, expression levels of the same miRNAs in tissue and serum provide different expression values which in turn make it difficult to indicate a common biomarker.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Prostate Cancer Detection by Measuring Expression Level of miR-21 and miR-214 in Urine

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Maliheh Entezari ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

scholarly journals Integrin Alpha V in Urine: A Novel Noninvasive Marker for Prostate Cancer Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Y. Zemskova ◽  
Maria V. Marinets ◽  
Andrey V. Sivkov ◽  
Julia V. Pavlova ◽  
Andrey N. Shibaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Urine Analysis ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prostate Hyperplasia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarker ◽  
Benign Prostate

Prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis based on patient urine analysis provides non-invasive and promising method as compared to biopsy and a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. This study was conceived to investigate whether Integrin alpha V (ITGAV) protein is present in urine and assess the urinary ITGAV diagnostic potential for PCa. Materials and Methods: Urinary ITGAV expression was determined by Western blot analysis and quantified by ELISA in urine from men with PCa (n = 47), benign prostate hyperplasia (n = 42) and age-matched controls (n = 22). Results: The level of ITGAV protein was significantly lower in PCa urine samples as compared to those in the control group (p &lt; 0.00001). The decrease of ITGAV in urine was highly predictive of PCa with 91.5% sensitivity, 91.4% specificity, 0.93 area under the ROC curve, and its specificity was better than that of serum PSA. Conclusion: Urinary ITGAV provides a novel noninvasive biomarker with high specificity.

scholarly journals Non‑invasive prostate cancer detection by measuring expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in urine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Maliheh Entezari
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Detect Prostate Cancer ◽  
Group A

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done using aggressive methods, such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs, a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA is small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21-23 nucleotides. The present study was undertaken to investigate changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine to detect prostate cancer. Methods: Testing was done on 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy individuals with negative biopsy reports as the control group. Changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were investigated by using qRT-PCR. Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (p = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (p = 0.000) over the results of the control group. The specificity, sensitivity and AUC for combined panels of both microRNAs were 100%, 72.14% and 0.721 and for PSA were 63.33%, 61.43% and 0.620, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that miR-21 and miR-214 show significant changes in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group. A combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

scholarly journals Effect of abiraterone combined with prednisone on serum CgA and NSE in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Ke Yang ◽  
Tieqiu Li ◽  
Zhiyong Gao ◽  
Weiwei Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Psa Progression

Purpose: To investigate the influence of a combination of abiraterone and prednisone on serum chromogranin A (CgA) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in patients with metastatic castrationresistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) without previous chemotherapy, so as to provide reference data for drug therapy of prostate cancer. Methods: A total of 103 mCRPC patients without chemotherapy from January 2013 to March 2017 were included in this retrospective study. Seventy-one (71) patients received prednisone combined with abiraterone (study group), while 32 patients accepted prednisone (control group). The CgA, NSE and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the two groups were monitored, while PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), radiographic PFS (rPFS), and overall survival (OS) were determined during follow-up. Results: PSA-PFS, rPFS and OS in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The increased proportion of CgA or NSE in the study group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 6 months of treatment (p < 0.05). The occurrences of NED before treatment and 6 months after treatment were both independent predictors of PSA and radiographic progression in the study group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of prednisone and abiraterone is helpful for prognosis in mCRPC patients that are not on chemotherapy. The occurrence of NED predicts mostly poor prognosis of mCRPC patients on a combination of abiraterone and prednisone

scholarly journals Prostate Cancer Liquid Biopsy Biomarkers’ Clinical Utility in Diagnosis and Prognosis

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3373
Author(s):  
Milena Matuszczak ◽  
Jack A. Schalken ◽  
Maciej Salagierski
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men worldwide. The current gold standard for diagnosing PCa relies on a transrectal ultrasound-guided systematic core needle biopsy indicated after detection changes in a digital rectal examination (DRE) and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood serum. PSA is a marker produced by prostate cells, not just cancer cells. Therefore, an elevated PSA level may be associated with other symptoms such as benign prostatic hyperplasia or inflammation of the prostate gland. Due to this marker’s low specificity, a common problem is overdiagnosis, which leads to unnecessary biopsies and overtreatment. This is associated with various treatment complications (such as bleeding or infection) and generates unnecessary costs. Therefore, there is no doubt that the improvement of the current procedure by applying effective, sensitive and specific markers is an urgent need. Several non-invasive, cost-effective, high-accuracy liquid biopsy diagnostic biomarkers such as Progensa PCA3, MyProstateScore ExoDx, SelectMDx, PHI, 4K, Stockholm3 and ConfirmMDx have been developed in recent years. This article compares current knowledge about them and their potential application in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Biofluid quantification of TWEAK/Fn14 axis in combination with a selected biomarker panel improves assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Ruiz-Plazas ◽  
Esther Rodríguez-Gallego ◽  
Marta Alves ◽  
Antonio Altuna-Coy ◽  
Javier Lozano-Bartolomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Clinical Biochemistry ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Biomarker Panel ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Cancer Aggressiveness ◽  
Aggressive Tumors

Abstract Background Conventional clinical biomarkers cannot accurately differentiate indolent from aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). We investigated the usefulness of a biomarker panel measured exclusively in biofluids for assessment of PCa aggressiveness. Methods We collected biofluid samples (plasma/serum/semen/post-prostatic massage urine) from 98 patients that had undergone radical prostatectomy. Clinical biochemistry was performed and several cytokines/chemokines including soluble(s) TWEAK, sFn14, sCD163, sCXCL5 and sCCL7 were quantified by ELISA in selected biofluids. Also, the expression of KLK2, KLK3, Fn14, CD163, CXCR2 and CCR3 was quantified by real-time PCR in semen cell sediment. Univariate, logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to assess the predictive ability of the selected biomarker panel in conjunction with clinical and metabolic variables for the evaluation of PCa aggressiveness. Results Total serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), semen levels of sTWEAK, fasting glycemia and mRNA levels of Fn14, KLK2, CXCR2 and CCR3 in semen cell sediment constituted a panel of markers that was significantly different between patients with less aggressive tumors [International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade I and II] and those with more aggressive tumors (ISUP grade III, IV and V). ROC curve analysis showed that this panel could be used to correctly classify tumor aggressiveness in 90.9% of patients. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis revealed that this combination was more accurate [AUC = 0.913 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.782–1] than a classical non-invasive selected clinical panel comprising age, tumor clinical stage (T-classification) and total serum PSA (AUC = 0.721 95% CI 0.613–0.830). Conclusions TWEAK/Fn14 axis in combination with a selected non-invasive biomarker panel, including conventional clinical biochemistry, can improve the predictive power of serum PSA levels and could be used to classify PCa aggressiveness.

scholarly journals Development of Sensitive Immunoassays for Free and Total Human Glandular Kallikrein 2

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1607-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ville Väisänen ◽  
Susann Eriksson ◽  
Kaisa K Ivaska ◽  
Hans Lilja ◽  
Martti Nurmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Detection Limit ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Human Kallikrein 2 ◽  
Kallikrein 2 ◽  
Capture Antibody ◽  
Total Psa

Abstract Background: Free and total human kallikrein 2 (hK2) might improve the discrimination between prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Concentrations of hK2 are 100-fold lower than concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA); therefore, an hK2 assay must have a low detection limit and good specificity. Methods: PSA- and hK2-specific monoclonal antibodies were used in solid-phase, two-site immunofluorometric assays to detect free and total hK2. The total hK2 assay used PSA-specific antibodies to block nonspecific signal. The capture antibody of the free hK2 assay did not cross-react with PSA. To determine the hK2 concentrations in the male bloodstream, total hK2 was measured in a control group consisting of 426 noncharacterized serum samples. Free and total hK2 were measured in plasma from 103 patients with confirmed prostate cancer. Results: All 426 males in the control group had a total hK2 concentration above the detection limit of 0.0008 μg/L. The median total hK2 concentration was 0.022 μg/L (range, 0.0015–0.37 μg/L). hK2 concentrations were 0.1–58% of total PSA (median, 3.6%). hK2 concentrations were similar in men 41–50 and 51–60 years of age. The ratio of hK2 to PSA steadily decreased from 5–30% at PSA &lt;1 μg/L to 1–2% at higher PSA concentrations. In 103 patients with prostate cancer, the median hK2 concentration in plasma was 0.079 μg/L (range, 0.0015–16.2 μg/L). The median free hK2 concentration was 0.070 (range, 0.005–12.2) μg/L. The proportion of free to total hK2 varied from 17% to 131% (mean, 85%). Conclusions: The wide variation in the free-to-total hK2 ratio suggests that hK2 in blood plasma is not consistently in the free, noncomplexed form in patients with prostate cancer. The new assay is sufficiently sensitive to be used to study the diagnostic accuracies of free and total hK2 for prostate cancer.

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