scholarly journals Prostate-Specific antigen value and micro RNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Aydemir Asdemir ◽  
Sevgi Durna Dastan ◽  
Esat Korgali ◽  
Tugba Yildiz Asdemir ◽  
Huseyin Saygin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Micro Rnas

Objective: It is necessary to provide PSA alternatives or methods that can be used in conjunction with PSA to regress complications rising from negative biopsies and to increase diagnostic value. Patients and Methods: The study is consisting of 59 men as the sample group. Blood samples from the individuals are grouped as prostate cancer and BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) groups. 27 prostate cancer patients whom some of them also operated are assembled in the patients group and the other 32 individuals are grouped as BPH group. Micro RNA expression levels evaluated by RT-PCR. Results: Prostate cancer group when compared with the control group, it is observed that expression levels of miRNA-221 and miRNA-432 increased while expression levels of miRNA-17-5p, miRNA-30c, miRNA-107, miRNA-141, miRNA-145, miRNA-181a-2, miRNA-331-3p, miRNA-574-3p decreased and expression levels of miRNA-21 and miRNA-375 are quite similar between the groups. Conclusion: The prospect of strong and sensitive serum miRNA expression levels in prostate cancer cases which are easily detectable by non-invasive methods as biomarkers is a promising field of study. Nevertheless, it is currently necessary to work in conjunction with both tissue and serum to enhance both sensitivity and specificity of miRNAs as biomarkers. As such, expression levels of the same miRNAs in tissue and serum provide different expression values which in turn make it difficult to indicate a common biomarker.

scholarly journals Tumor-Derived Exosomal Long Noncoding RNAs as Promising Diagnostic Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 532-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Hui Wang ◽  
Jia Ji ◽  
Bi-Cheng Wang ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
Zhong-Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Invasion ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Background/Aims: Exosomal circulating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in blood are emerging as clinically useful and non-invasive biomarkers for tumor diagnosis. However, normal cells can also secrete exosomes, so it is a prerequisite to obtain tumor-derived exosomes for better understanding of their diagnostic impacts in cancer. In this study, a dual-antibody-functionalized immunoaffinity system was established to isolate exosomes and investigate their lncRNAs expression pattern and clinical significance in prostate cancer (PCa). Methods: A commercially available kit was used to isolate total exosomes, which were then purified by a dual-antibody-functionalized immunoaffinity system. RT-qPCR was performed to detect the expression of exosomal lncRNAs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic value. Results: Expression levels of two lncRNAs in tumor-derived exosomes were significantly higher than those in total exosomes. The levels of SAP30L-AS1 were upregulated in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and SChLAP1 levels were significantly higher in PCa than in BPH and healthy individuals. The area under the ROC curve indicated that SAP30L-AS1 and SChLAP1 had adequate diagnostic value to distinguish PCa from controls. Two lncRNAs separately combined with prostate specific antigen (PSA) possessed a moderate ability for discrimination. SAP30L-AS1 expression level was related to PSA values and tumor invasion. SChLAP1 expression was significantly higher in patients with higher Gleason scores, and was also effective in differentiating between BPH and PCa when the concentration of PSA was in the gray zone. Conclusion: The isolation of tumor-derived exosomes by dual-antibody-functionalized immunoaffinity systems and detection of their lncRNAs in plasma may lead to the identification of suitable biomarkers, with potential diagnostic utility.

scholarly journals Evaluation of micro-RNA in extracellular vesicles from blood of patients with prostate cancer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0262017
Author(s):  
Jiyoon Kim ◽  
Siwoo Cho ◽  
Yonghyun Park ◽  
Jiyoul Lee ◽  
Jaesung Park
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Better Than

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain various types of molecules including micro-RNAs, so isolating EVs can be an effective way to analyze and diagnose diseases. A lot of micro-RNAs have been known in relation to prostate cancer (PCa), and we evaluate miR-21, miR-141, and miR-221 in EVs and compare them with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). EVs were isolated from plasma of 38 patients with prostate cancer and 8 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), using a method that showed the highest recovery of RNA. Isolation of EVs concentrated micro-RNAs, reducing the cycle threshold (Ct) value of RT-qPCR amplification of micro-RNA such as miR-16 by 5.12 and miR-191 by 4.65, compared to the values before EV isolation. Normalization of target micro-RNAs was done using miR-191. For miR-221, the mean expression level of patients with localized PCa was significantly higher than that of the control group, having 33.45 times higher expression than the control group (p < 0.01). Area under curve (AUC) between BPH and PCa for miR-221 was 0.98 (p < 0.0001), which was better than AUC for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in serum for the same patients. The levels of miR-21 and miR-141 in EVs did not show significant changes in patients with PCa compared to the control group in this study. This study suggests isolating EVs can be a helpful approach in analyzing micro-RNAs with regard to disease.

scholarly journals The Effect of Micro RNA-34a and carboplatin combination on the inducing apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cell line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajjad Eslamkhah ◽  
Nazila Alizadeh ◽  
Sahar Safaei ◽  
Mohammad Amini ◽  
ahad Mokhtarzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Micro Rnas

Abstract Aim: Breast cancer (BC) has been classified among the main causes of death owing to females' cancer. Carboplatin is a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug that is an important treatment option for BC. But high and frequent doses of carboplatin usually reducing the reaction of cancer cells to medication. There is an immediate need to establish methods for increasing the carboplatin susceptibility to BC cells. For instance, micro RNAs (miRNAs) such as MiR34a demonstrate significant potential. Considering that, this research was planned to explore the better clinical effect and underlying mechanism of miR-34a as a possible tumor inhibitor and drug resistance regulator in compound with carboplatin chemotherapy drug in the cell lines of BC in humans. Methods: MCF-7 cell line was transfected with miR-34a to perform functional analyses. Subsequently, the MTT assay was applied to assess cell viability. Cell viability and cell death associated gene expression amounts including Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, MDR1, P53, and mir34-a, were examined through real-time quantitative PCR. Results: Findings showed that miR-34a upregulation significantly decreased MCF7 cell viability in comparison with control group. Furthermore, separate treatment of cells with miR-34a mimics and carboplatin could significantly increase Bax, Caspase-3, P53, and decrease in Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels evaluated to the non-treated group. Moreover, by reduction in expression levels of the MDR1 gene, BC cells' reaction to carboplatin has increased via miR-34a. Conclusion: In line with the findings, it could be inferred that miR-34a may improve the responsiveness of breast cancer cells to carboplatin chemotherapy with downregulation of MDR1.

scholarly journals Voided urine test to diagnose prostate cancer: Preliminary report

CytoJournal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
R.B. Nerli ◽  
Shridhar C. Ghagane ◽  
Saziya R. Bidi ◽  
Madhukar L. Thakur ◽  
Leonard Gomella
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Elderly Male ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Receptor

Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy affecting elderly male. At present, PCa is estimated using serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Prostate biopsy remains the gold standard to confirm the diagnosis of PCa. In this preliminary study, we have assessed the feasibility of detecting PCa using voided urine by targeting the genomic vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VPAC) expressed on malignant PCa cells. Material and Methods: Patients ≥40 years old, with no lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and serum PSA levels of <1.6 ng/mL formed the control group and patients ≥40 years old, with LUTS and serum PSA >2.6 ng/ mL formed the study group. Patients were advised to give the first 50 mL of voided urine sample for the detection of malignant markers by targeting the VPAC. The results of histopathological studies were then compared to the results of urine biomarker. Results: The study revealed absence of malignant markers in 75 patients (control group). In the study group, all the 33 patients with adenocarcinoma were positive for malignant markers in the biomarker study and absence of malignant markers in the 32 patients with benign histology. The results of the biomarker studies and histopathology were consistent with each other. Conclusion: This preliminary study validates our belief that patients with PCa do shed malignant cells in the urine which can be identified by targeting the VPAC. The investigation is easy and our data appear to be highly encouraging and further serve as a simple, reliable, and a non-invasive tool in the detection of PCa.

scholarly journals Identification of plasma lipid species as promising diagnostic markers for prostate cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (S9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Chen ◽  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Mayumi Jijiwa ◽  
Masaki Nasu ◽  
Junmei Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Kegg Pathway Database ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Abstract Background Prostate cancer is a very common and highly fatal in men. Current non-invasive detection methods like serum biomarker are unsatisfactory. Biomarkers with high accuracy for diagnostic of prostate cancer are urgently needed. Many lipid species have been found related to various cancers. The purpose of our study is to explore the diagnostic value of lipids for prostate cancer. Results Using triple quadruple liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we performed lipidomics profiling of 367 lipids on a total 114 plasma samples from 30 patients with prostate cancer, 38 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 46 male healthy controls to evaluate the lipids as potential biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway database was used to construct the potential mechanism pathway. After statistical analysis, five lipids were identified as a panel of potential biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer between prostate cancer group and the BPH group; the sensitivity, specificity, and area under curve (AUC) of the combination of these five lipids were 73.3, 81.6%, and 0.800, respectively. We also identified another panel of five lipids in distinguishing between prostate cancer group and the control group with predictive values of sensitivity at 76.7%, specificity at 80.4%, and AUC at 0.836, respectively. The glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway of the selected lipids was considered as the target pathway. Conclusions Our study indicated that the identified plasma lipid biomarkers have potential in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

scholarly journals POS0191 THE VALUE OF MIR-20B, MIR-22, MIR-26A, MIR-125B AND MIR-221 IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 309.1-310
Author(s):  
M. Ciesla ◽  
B. Kolarz ◽  
M. Majdan ◽  
M. Dryglewska
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Clinical Variable ◽  
Tender Joint Count ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Das 28 ◽  
Micro Rnas

Background:Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are an endogenous small, single-stranded, non-coding RNAs with a 18-25 nucleotide long and have been reported as a potential extracellular biomarkers of various diseases. They mainly decrease the gene expression by inhibiting the translation or cause mRNA destabilization.Objectives:The aim of the study was to identify miRNAs whose plasma expression level is associated with RA prevalence and/or activity.Methods:A total of 74 unrelated individuals, 50 with RA and 24 in a control group were enrolled to the study. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate the plasma expression levels of 5 miRNAs: miR-20b, miR-22 miR-26a, miR-125b, miR-221.Results:We found the differences in four out of five evaluated miRs between RA and HC group – miR-26a, p<0.0001; miR-125b, p <0.0001; miR-20b p<0.0001; miR-22, p=0.005. Graphical presentation of the results is shown in Figure 1. The logistic regression results showed that miR-22 (p=0.0003) and miR-26a (p=0.049) are the most important molecules distinguishing RA patients and healthy controls in the study. MiR-22 was positively correlated with ESR (rs=0.41), CRP (rs=0.49) and DAS28 (rs=0.33) and miR-26a was positively correlated with ESR (rs=0.49), CRP (rs=0.41), number of swelling joints (rs=0.43), number of painful joints (rs=0.74) and DAS28 (rs=0.63). Moreover, miR-22 expression was different between rheumatoid factor (RF) positive and RF negative patients (p=0.04).Conclusion:The results showed that miR-22 (p=0.0003) and miR-26a (p=0.049) may be the most useful in evaluated panel of miRs distinguishing RA patients and HCs. In this study we demonstrated for the first time that plasma concentration of miR-22 may be considered as a potential molecular marker of RA exacerbation.References:[1]Ouboussad, L., Hunt, L., Hensor, E.M.A. et al. Profiling microRNAs in individuals at risk of progression to rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017 19, 288.[2]Churov AV, Oleinik EK, Knip M. MicroRNAs in rheumatoid arthritis: altered expression and diagnostic potential. Autoimmun Rev. 2015 14(11):1029-37.Figure 1.Diagrams from A to D show the expression levels of miR-22, miR-26a, miR-125b and miR-20b, respectively. The median values of expression have been connected by a line.Table 1.Spearman’s rank correlation between micro-RNA-22 and micro-RNA-26 and the clinical variables.miRs \ clinical variableAgeDisease durationESRCRPSJCTJCDAS-28ACPARFmiR-220.09-0.270.410.490.260.210.330.240.16miR-26a0.20.140.490.410.430.740.630.260.16The significant correlations were bolded and indicated by red. Abbreviations: ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies; CRP, C-reactive protein; SJC, swollen joint count; TJC, tender joint count; DAS-28, disease activity score 28; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; RF, rheumatoid factor.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Exosomes as A Next-Generation Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tool in Prostate Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10131
Author(s):  
Simita Gaglani ◽  
Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova ◽  
Dara J. Lundon ◽  
Ashutosh K. Tewari ◽  
Navneet Dogra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Therapeutic Value

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have brought great momentum to the non-invasive liquid biopsy procedure for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of cancer. Despite the common use of PSA (prostate-specific antigen) as a biomarker for prostate cancer, there is an unmet need for a more specific diagnostic tool to detect tumor progression and recurrence. Exosomes, which are EVs that are released from all cells, play a large role in physiology and pathology, including cancer. They are involved in intercellular communication, immune function, and they are present in every bodily fluid studied—making them an excellent window into how cells are operating. With liquid biopsy, EVs can be isolated and analyzed, enabling an insight into a potential therapeutic value, serving as a vehicle for drugs or nucleic acids that have anti-neoplastic effects. The current application of advanced technology also points to higher-sensitivity detection methods that are minimally invasive. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the significance of exosomes in prostate cancer and the potential diagnostic value of these EVs in disease progression.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE PLASMA MICRO RNA EXPRESSION LEVELS IN SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e2013066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bay ◽  
Enes Coskun ◽  
Serdar Oztuzcu ◽  
Sercan Ergun ◽  
Fatih Yilmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Micro Rna ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Micro Rnas

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life threatening hyper inflammatory disease. Micro RNAs (miRNA) are about 22 nucleotide-long, small RNAs encoded with genes, and they have regulatory functions in immune response. Objective: To determine the miRNA expression levels of 11 secondary HLH patients, we evaluated the associations of miRNA levels with pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and prognosis of the disease. Patients and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with secondary HLH from January 2011 to December 2012 were included in this study. We profiled the expressions of 379 miRNAs in plasma of both HLH patients and healthy controls. Patients were evaluated regarding with age, clinical findings, miRNA expresions, laboratory data, treatment, and prognosis, by using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 11 secondary HLH patients and 11 healthy children were included in this study. miR-205-5p was expressed in all case and controls and expression level of miR-205-5p was found 6.21 fold higher than control group (p=0.01). We detected the second highest expression percent in miR-194-5p with 81% of cases and controls. Expression level of miR-194-5p was found to have 163 fold higher than controls (p= 0.009). miR-30c-5p showed 77% expression percent in cases and controls together. The expression level of this miRNA was detected 9 fold decreased in HLH patients compared to healthy children (p= 0.031). Conclusion: We showed that miR-205-5p, miR-194-5p and miR-30c-5p could be useful plasma biomarkers for HLH. Further research is needed in larger and homogenous study groups, especially for these miRNAs as biomarkers for HLH.

scholarly journals Non-invasive Prostate Cancer Detection by Measuring Expression Level of miR-21 and miR-214 in Urine

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Emamvirdizadeh ◽  
Faranak Jamshidian ◽  
Maliheh Entezari ◽  
Saghi Nooraei ◽  
Mehrdad Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

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