1105 ADSA®-EAAP speaker exchange presentation: Effect of rumen content exchange on gene expression in rumen epithelium of lactating cows

Abstract Objectives Extensive efforts have been made to characterize the rumen microbiome under various conditions. However, few studies have addressed the long-term impacts of ruminal microbiome dysbiosis and the extent of host control over microbiome stability. These data can also inform host-microbial symbioses. The objective was to develop preliminary data to measure the changes that occur in the rumen bacterial communities following a rumen content exchange to understand the effects major perturbations may impart upon the rumen microbiome, which may be host-driven. Data description We report here an initial rumen content exchange between two SimAngus (Simmental/Angus) non-pregnant, non-lactating cows of ~ 6 years of age weighing 603.4 ± 37.5 kg. To measure bacterial community succession and acclimation following the exchange, rumen content was collected via rumen cannula at the beginning of the study immediately prior to and following the rumen content exchange, and weekly for 12 weeks. The V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was targeted for DNA sequencing and bacterial analysis. Over 12 weeks, numerous genera and diversity varied, before partial return to pre-exchange metrics. These preliminary data help support potential host control for the rumen microbiome, aiding in efforts to define bovine host-microbe relationships.

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Energy and lipid metabolism gene expression of D18 embryos in dairy cows is related to dam physiological status

Physiological Genomics ◽

10.1152/physiolgenomics.00091.2013 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 39-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

D. Valour ◽

S. A. Degrelle ◽

A. A. Ponter ◽

C. Giraud-Delville ◽

E. Campion ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Lipid Synthesis ◽

Physiological Status ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Morphological Development ◽

Continue Development ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽

Acetate Utilization

We analyzed the change in gene expression related to dam physiological status in day (D)18 embryos from growing heifers (GH), early lactating cows (ELC), and late lactating cows (LLC). Dam energy metabolism was characterized by measurement of circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-1, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea before embryo flush. The metabolic parameters were related to differential gene expression in the extraembryonic tissues by correlation analysis. Embryo development estimated by measuring the length of the conceptuses and the proportion of expected D18 gastrulating stages was not different between the three groups of females. However, embryo metabolism was greatly affected by dam physiological status when we compared GH with ELC and GH with LLC but to a lesser extent when ELC was compared with LLC. Genes involved in glucose, pyruvate, and acetate utilization were upregulated in GH vs. ELC conceptuses (e.g., SLC2A1, PC, ACSS2, ACSS3). This was also true for the pentose pathway ( PGD, TKT), which is involved in synthesis of ribose precursors of RNA and DNA. The pathways involved in lipid synthesis were also upregulated in GH vs. ELC. Despite similar morphological development, the molecular characteristics of the heifers' embryos were consistently different from those of the cows. Most of these differences were strongly related to metabolic/hormone patterns before insemination and during conceptus free-life. Many biosynthetic pathways appeared to be more active in heifer embryos than in cow embryos, and consequently they seemed to be healthier, and this may be more conducive to continue development.

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Changes in the gene expression of adiponectin and glucose transporter 12 (GLUT12) in lactating and non-lactating cows

Animal Science Journal ◽

10.1111/j.1740-0929.2006.00411.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 98-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Tokushi KOMATSU ◽

Fumiaki ITOH ◽

Ryosuke SAKUMOTO ◽

Koichi HODATE ◽

Yoshiaki OBARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Glucose Transporter ◽

Lactating Cows

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Widespread cis-regulation of RNA-editing in a large mammal

10.1101/304220 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas J Lopdell ◽

Christine Couldrey ◽

Kathryn Tiplady ◽

Stephan R Davis ◽

Russell G Snell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Rna Editing ◽

Bos Taurus ◽

Association Analyses ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Novel Transcript ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Domestic Mammal ◽

Separate Population ◽

Qtl Effects

AbstractPost-transcriptional RNA editing may regulate transcript expression and diversity in cells, with potential impacts on various aspects of physiology and environmental adaptation. A small number of recent genome-wide studies in Drosophila, mouse, and human have shown that RNA editing can be genetically modulated, highlighting loci that quantitatively impact editing of transcripts. The potential gene expression and physiological consequences of these RNA editing quantitative trait loci (edQTL), however, are almost entirely unknown. Here, we present analyses of RNA editing in a large domestic mammal (Bos taurus), where we use whole genome and high depth RNA sequencing to discover, characterise, and conduct genetic mapping studies of novel transcript edits. Using a discovery population of nine deeply-sequenced cows, we identify 2,001 edit sites in the mammary transcriptome, the majority of which are adenosine to inosine edits (97.4%). Most sites are predicted to reside in double-stranded secondary structures (85.7%), and quantification of the rates of editing in an additional 355 cows reveals editing is negatively correlated with gene expression in the majority of cases. Genetic analyses of RNA editing and gene expression highlights 67 cis-regulated edQTL, of which seven appear to co-segregate with expression QTL effects. Trait association analyses in a separate population of 9,988 lactating cows also shows nine of the cis-edQTL coincide with at least one co-segregating lactation QTL. Together, these results enhance our understanding of RNA editing dynamics in mammals, and suggest mechanistic links by which loci may impact phenotype through RNA-editing mediated processes.

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Features of the formation of the bacterial community of the rumen and the biochemical status of the cows depending on the protein source

Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production) ◽

10.33920/sel-05-2112-01 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3-22

Author(s):

N. P. Buryakov ◽

G. Yu. Laptev ◽

M. A. Buryakova ◽

L. A. Ilyina ◽

D. E. Aleshin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Protein ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Maximum Level ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Control Group ◽

Protein Concentrate ◽

Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽

Lactating Cows ◽

Biochemical Status ◽

Ayrshire Breed

The results of scientific and economic experiment on the use of protein concentrate “AgroMatic” in feeding highly productive cows of Ayrshire breed during lactation have been provided in the article. The use of protein concentrate “Agro-Matic” in the rations of dairy cattle in the amount of 1,0 and 1,5 kg/head/day has been leaded to an increase in the content of cellulolytic microflora at the end of lactation compared with the control group. At the same time, the level of microorganisms that stimulate and promote immunity (bacilli, bifid bacterium) and suppress the development of pathogenic bacteria has been observed in high amounts throughout lactation in the experimental groups whose ration was put with protein concentrate. In the rumen content of cows have been receiving 1,5 kg/head/day of protein concentrate “Agro-Matic”, the increased content of bifid bacterium by 0,03 abs.% and bacilli by 0,91 abs.% has been noted. The inclusion of the maximum level of protein concentrate was characterized by the decrease in the number of pathogenic microorganisms like pathogens of mastitis and other diseases (lactobacilli, actinomycetes and enterobacteria). The total number of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen content at the end of lactation when using 1,0 kg/head/day of protein concentrate in animals increased compared to animals that consumed the basic ration. The inclusion of protein concentrate throughout lactation contributed to the increase in the blood content of total protein and nitrogen of free amino acids. Thus, the use of protein concentrate during the feeding period increased the intensity of protein metabolism in animals. The inclusion of 1,5 kg of protein concentrate in the ration contributed to the increase in total protein in the blood by 4,6 g/l, at the level of 1,0 kg by 9,1 g/l (P > 0,95). The index of insemination when using protein concentrate in lactating cows has been decreased by 21,7 % and the duration of the period of open days by 28,2 days.

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OPTIMIZATION OF CICATRICIAL DIGESTION OF COWS WHEN USING THE "FIBRASE"

Multifunctional adaptive fodder production ◽

10.33814/mak-2020-24-72-138-144 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nikolay Buryakov ◽

Maria Buryakova ◽

Irina Hardik

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Species Composition ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Experimental Animals ◽

Lactating Cows

The species composition and number of microflora, the total amount and diet of volatile fatty acids in the rumen content of experimental animals at the beginning of lactation were studied and the feasibility of using the feed additive "FIBRASE" in feeding lactating cows was determined.

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