scholarly journals Energy and lipid metabolism gene expression of D18 embryos in dairy cows is related to dam physiological status

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Valour ◽  
S. A. Degrelle ◽  
A. A. Ponter ◽  
C. Giraud-Delville ◽  
E. Campion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽  
Acetate Utilization

We analyzed the change in gene expression related to dam physiological status in day (D)18 embryos from growing heifers (GH), early lactating cows (ELC), and late lactating cows (LLC). Dam energy metabolism was characterized by measurement of circulating concentrations of insulin, glucose, IGF-1, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, and urea before embryo flush. The metabolic parameters were related to differential gene expression in the extraembryonic tissues by correlation analysis. Embryo development estimated by measuring the length of the conceptuses and the proportion of expected D18 gastrulating stages was not different between the three groups of females. However, embryo metabolism was greatly affected by dam physiological status when we compared GH with ELC and GH with LLC but to a lesser extent when ELC was compared with LLC. Genes involved in glucose, pyruvate, and acetate utilization were upregulated in GH vs. ELC conceptuses (e.g., SLC2A1, PC, ACSS2, ACSS3). This was also true for the pentose pathway ( PGD, TKT), which is involved in synthesis of ribose precursors of RNA and DNA. The pathways involved in lipid synthesis were also upregulated in GH vs. ELC. Despite similar morphological development, the molecular characteristics of the heifers' embryos were consistently different from those of the cows. Most of these differences were strongly related to metabolic/hormone patterns before insemination and during conceptus free-life. Many biosynthetic pathways appeared to be more active in heifer embryos than in cow embryos, and consequently they seemed to be healthier, and this may be more conducive to continue development.

scholarly journals Pan-Cancer Transcriptional Models Predicting Chemosensitivity in Human Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 117693512110024
Author(s):  
Jason D Wells ◽  
Jacqueline R Griffin ◽  
Todd W Miller
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Human Tumors ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Testing Dataset ◽  
Cancer Models ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Pan Cancer

Motivation: Despite increasing understanding of the molecular characteristics of cancer, chemotherapy success rates remain low for many cancer types. Studies have attempted to identify patient and tumor characteristics that predict sensitivity or resistance to different types of conventional chemotherapies, yet a concise model that predicts chemosensitivity based on gene expression profiles across cancer types remains to be formulated. We attempted to generate pan-cancer models predictive of chemosensitivity and chemoresistance. Such models may increase the likelihood of identifying the type of chemotherapy most likely to be effective for a given patient based on the overall gene expression of their tumor. Results: Gene expression and drug sensitivity data from solid tumor cell lines were used to build predictive models for 11 individual chemotherapy drugs. Models were validated using datasets from solid tumors from patients. For all drug models, accuracy ranged from 0.81 to 0.93 when applied to all relevant cancer types in the testing dataset. When considering how well the models predicted chemosensitivity or chemoresistance within individual cancer types in the testing dataset, accuracy was as high as 0.98. Cell line–derived pan-cancer models were able to statistically significantly predict sensitivity in human tumors in some instances; for example, a pan-cancer model predicting sensitivity in patients with bladder cancer treated with cisplatin was able to significantly segregate sensitive and resistant patients based on recurrence-free survival times ( P = .048) and in patients with pancreatic cancer treated with gemcitabine ( P = .038). These models can predict chemosensitivity and chemoresistance across cancer types with clinically useful levels of accuracy.

scholarly journals Species diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors: assessing bioclimatic effect on expression plasticity of genes possessing vaccine properties isolated from wild-collected sand flies in endemic areas of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Bordbar ◽  
Parviz Parvizi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Risk Maps

Abstract Background Leishmaniasis is one of the ten most important neglected tropical diseases worldwide. Understanding the distribution of vectors of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis (VL/CL) is one of the significant strategic frameworks to control leishmaniasis. In this study, the extent of the bioclimatic variability was investigated to recognize a rigorous cartographic of the spatial distribution of VL/CL vectors as risk-maps using ArcGIS modeling system. Moreover, the effect of bioclimatic diversity on the fold change expression of genes possessing vaccine traits (SP15 and LeIF) was evaluated in each bioclimatic region using real-time PCR analysis. Methods The Inverse Distance Weighting interpolation method was used to obtain accurate geography map in closely-related distances. Bioclimatic indices were computed and vectors spatial distribution was analyzed in ArcGIS10.3.1 system. Species biodiversity was calculated based on Shannon diversity index using Rv.3.5.3. Expression fold change of SP15 and LeIF genes was evaluated using cDNA synthesis and RT-qPCR analysis. Results Frequency of Phlebotomus papatasi was predominant in plains areas of Mountainous bioclimate covering the CL hot spots. Mediterranean region was recognized as an important bioclimate harboring prevalent patterns of VL vectors. Semi-arid bioclimate was identified as a major contributing factor to up-regulate salivary-SP15 gene expression (P = 0.0050, P < 0.05). Also, Mediterranean bioclimate had considerable effect on up-regulation of Leishmania-LeIF gene in gravid and semi-gravid P. papatasi population (P = 0.0109, P < 0.05). Conclusions The diversity and spatial distribution of CL/VL vectors associated with bioclimatic regionalization obtained in our research provide epidemiological risk maps and establish more effectively control measures against leishmaniasis. Oscillations in gene expression indicate that each gene has its own features, which are profoundly affected by bioclimatic characteristics and physiological status of sand flies. Given the efficacy of species-specific antigens for vaccine production, it is essential to consider bioclimatic factors that have a fundamental role in affecting the regulatory regions of environmentally responsive loci for genes used in vaccine design.

Distinctive gene expression profiles of CD34 cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome characterized by specific chromosomal abnormalities

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (13) ◽  
pp. 4210-4218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guibin Chen ◽  
Weihua Zeng ◽  
Akira Miyazato ◽  
Eric Billings ◽  
Jaroslaw P. Maciejewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Hematopoietic Progenitor ◽  
Trisomy 8 ◽  
Monosomy 7 ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract Aneuploidy, especially monosomy 7 and trisomy 8, is a frequent cytogenetic abnormality in the myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs). Patients with monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 have distinctly different clinical courses, responses to therapy, and survival probabilities. To determine disease-specific molecular characteristics, we analyzed the gene expression pattern in purified CD34 hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained from MDS patients with monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 using Affymetrix GeneChips. Two methods were employed: standard hybridization and a small-sample RNA amplification protocol for the limited amounts of RNA available from individual cases; results were comparable between these 2 techniques. Microarray data were confirmed by gene amplification and flow cytometry using individual patient samples. Genes related to hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation and blood cell function were dysregulated in CD34 cells of both monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 MDS. In trisomy 8, up-regulated genes were primarily involved in immune and inflammatory responses, and down-regulated genes have been implicated in apoptosis inhibition. CD34 cells in monosomy 7 showed up-regulation of genes inducing leukemia transformation and tumorigenesis and apoptosis and down-regulation of genes controlling cell growth and differentiation. These results imply distinct molecular mechanisms for monosomy 7 and trisomy 8 MDS and implicate specific pathogenic pathways.

Oxygen modulates the differentiation of human fetal lung in vitro and its responsiveness to cAMP

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. L465-L474 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Acarregui ◽  
J. M. Snyder ◽  
C. R. Mendelson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Fetal Lung

Previously, it was found that lung explants from mid-trimester human abortuses differentiate spontaneously in organ culture in serum-free defined medium in an atmosphere of 95% air-5% CO2. Dibutyryl adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (DBcAMP) treatment of human fetal lung in culture increases the rate of morphological differentiation and enhances expression of the surfactant protein A (SP-A) gene. To begin to define the factors responsible for this accelerated in vitro differentiation, we analyzed the effects of atmospheric oxygen on the morphological and biochemical development of human fetal lung in culture and on responsiveness of the cultured tissue to DBcAMP. We found that when lung explants were maintained in an atmosphere containing 1% oxygen they failed to differentiate spontaneously and no induction of SP-A gene expression was apparent. Furthermore, at 1% oxygen, DBcAMP had no effect to stimulate morphological differentiation or SP-A gene expression. When lung tissues that had been maintained for 5 days in 1% oxygen were transferred to an environment containing 20% oxygen, there was rapid morphological development and induction of SP-A gene expression. The effects on morphological development were manifest within 24 h of transfer to the 20% oxygen environment; within 72 h, a marked stimulatory effect of DBcAMP on SP-A gene expression also was observed. Our findings further suggest that the effects of oxygen on the levels of SP-A and SP-A mRNA are concentration dependent. Interestingly, the inductive effects of DBcAMP on SP-A gene expression were apparent only at oxygen concentrations > or = 10%. Morphological differentiation of the cultured human fetal lung tissue also was influenced by oxygen in a concentration-dependent manner. These findings suggest that oxygen plays an important permissive role in the spontaneous differentiation of human fetal lung in vitro.

Regulation of bovine and ovine lymphocyte proliferation by progesterone: modulation by steroid receptor antagonists and physiological status

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor H Monterroso ◽  
Peter J Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Steroid Receptors ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Lactating Cows

Lectin-stimulated sheep and cow lymphocytes were used to test whether inhibitors of classical steroid receptors block suppressive effects of progesterone and whether effects of progesterone vary with physiological status. Neither RU 38486 nor RU 43044 blocked the inhibitory effects of progesterone on lymphocyte proliferation. Rather, these antagonists were themselves inhibitory. Effects of progesterone and antagonists were additive: the percentage inhibition caused by progesterone was similar whether antagonists were present or not. The degree of lymphocyte proliferation and the inhibitory effects of progesterone were of the same magnitude for pregnant/lactating cows, pregnant/non-lactating cows, postpartum/lactating cows and cyclic/non-lactating cows. In conclusion, progesterone does not appear to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation through actions that involve classical steroid receptors. There was no evidence that lymphocyte proliferation in the cow is suppressed during pregnancy or that the inhibitory effects of progesterone increase during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Modeling human prostate cancer progression in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 893-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa T Liu ◽  
Jonathan A Ewald ◽  
Emily A Ricke ◽  
Robert Bell ◽  
Colin Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Human Prostate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Prostate Cancer Progression ◽  
Altered Gene Expression ◽  
Unique Model ◽  
Altered Gene

Abstract Detailed mechanisms involved in prostate cancer (CaP) development and progression are not well understood. Current experimental models used to study CaP are not well suited to address this issue. Previously, we have described the hormonal progression of non-tumorigenic human prostate epithelial cells (BPH1) into malignant cells via tissue recombination. Here, we describe a method to derive human cell lines from distinct stages of CaP that parallel cellular, genetic and epigenetic changes found in patients with cancers. This BPH1-derived Cancer Progression (BCaP) model represents different stages of cancer. Using diverse analytical strategies, we show that the BCaP model reproduces molecular characteristics of CaP in human patients. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BCaP cells have altered gene expression of shared pathways with human and transgenic mouse CaP data, as well as, increasing genomic instability with TMPRSS2–ERG fusion in advanced tumor cells. Together, these cell lines represent a unique model of human CaP progression providing a novel tool that will allow the discovery and experimental validation of mechanisms regulating human CaP development and progression. This BPH1-derived Cancer Progression (BCaP) model represents different stages of cancer. The BCaP model reproduces molecular characteristics of prostate cancer. The cells have altered gene expression with TMPRSS2-ERG fusion representing a unique model for prostate cancer progression.

scholarly journals Molecular Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated From Chinese Children With Different Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingle Yu ◽  
Yunmei Liang ◽  
Qinghua Lu ◽  
Qing Meng ◽  
Wenjian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Virulence Gene Expression ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Streptococcus pyogenes is a bacterial pathogen that causes a wide spectrum of clinical diseases exclusively in humans. The distribution of emm type, antibiotic resistance and virulence gene expression for S. pyogenes varies temporally and geographically, resulting in distinct disease spectra. In this study, we analyzed antibiotic resistance and resistance gene expression patterns among S. pyogenes isolates from pediatric patients in China and investigated the relationship between virulence gene expression, emm type, and disease categories. Forty-two representative emm1.0 and emm12.0 strains (n = 20 and n = 22, respectively) isolated from patients with scarlet fever or obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. These strains were further analyzed for susceptibility to vancomycin. We found a high rate and degree of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline in these strains, which mainly expressed ermB and tetM. The disease category correlated with emm type but not superantigens. The distribution of vanuG and virulence genes were associated with emm type. Previously reported important prophages, such as φHKU16.vir, φHKU488.vir, Φ5005.1, Φ5005.2, and Φ5005.3 encoding streptococcal toxin, and integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) such as ICE-emm12 and ICE-HKU397 encoding macrolide and tetracycline resistance were found present amongst emm1 or emm12 clones from Shenzhen, China.

scholarly journals Determination metabolic and nutritional status in dairy cows during early and mid lactation

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojica Djokovic ◽  
Zoran Ilic ◽  
Vladimir Kurcubic ◽  
Milan Petrovic ◽  
Violeta Caro-Petrovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

The objective of the present study was to investigate nutritional and metabolic status in Simmental cows during early and mid-lactation. Fifteen early lactating cows and 15 mid lactating cows were chosen for the investigation. Blood samples were collected to measure beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), triglycerides (TG), glucose and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST). Early lactation as compared to mid lactating cows were found to have significantly higher (P<0.05) blood serum concentrations of NEFA, BHB and AST and lower blood serum concentrations of glucose (P<0.05) and TG (P>0.05). Significantly negative correlations were observed between BHB and glucose (P<0.01), BHB and TG (P<0.05), NEFA and glucose (P<0.05). Significantly positive correlations were observed between NEFA and BHB (P<0.05), NEFA and AST (P<0.05), glucose and TG (P<0.01). The results suggest that these parameters can serve as useful indicators of the nutritional and metabolic status of dairy cows during lactation.

scholarly journals Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression And Cellularity of Intramuscular Adipocytes Within The Longissimus Muscle of Angus- And Wagyu-Sired Cattle When Raised To A Similar Age or Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerad Jaborek ◽  
Francis Fluharty ◽  
Kichoon Lee ◽  
Henry Zerby ◽  
Alejandro Relling
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽  
Metabolism Gene

Abstract Background: This study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development and growth in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (DOF) endpoint or similar body weight (BW) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism gene expression. Methods: Angus-sired steers (AN, n=6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires, selected for either growth or marbling, to be compared at a similar DOF (WA-GD, n=5 and WA-MD, n=5) in experiment 1 or BW (WA-GB, n=4 and WA-MB, n=5) in experiment 2, respectively. Results: In experiment 1, WA-MD steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In experiment 2, WA-MB steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age and BW increased (P≤0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar age and BW (P≤0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction). An earlier upregulation of PPARd is believed to have then upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P=0.09; treatment×biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P≤0.04) overall mean PPARg expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P<0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. With many lipolytic genes upregulated at harvest, acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta may be inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in the LM to allow greater IM fat accumulation.Conclusions: Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a lesser maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds in lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.

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