scholarly journals The Effects of Crude Oil Spill on Some Soil Properties of Different Sites in Duhok Governorate-Kurdistan Region of Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farhad A. Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Kurdistan Region ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
The Impact

A study was conducted to investigate the impact of oil spillage on some properties of soils collected from Kashe and Nzarke sites in Duhok governorate, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Soil samples were taken from each site after one weak and then after three months at 0-15 cm and 15-35 cm depths with control samples approximately 500 m from outside oil spill area. The soil samples were analyzed using standardsof routine laboratory methods to determine some soil properties. Based on results of the study the contaminated area has higher % TN (percentage total nitrogen) (0.34 and 0.28 %), % TOC (percentage total carbon) ( 4.84 and 5.81 %), Pb (lead) (1.59 and 2.28 mg L-1) and Fe (Iron) (3.20 and 3.13 mg L-1) for Kashe and Nzarke sites respectively than the control especially for 0-15 cm. Crude oil causes decrease in soil pH below 8.2 and also reduced the concentration of available phosphorus to a values of (18.40 and 15.20 mg L-1) for Kashe and Nzarke soils respectively than the control (20.60 and 16.20 mg L-1) for the two sites respectively. Higher values for EC (electrical conductivity), % TN, available phosphorouswere found in Kashe site while Nzarke had higher % TOC, % OM (organic matter), CEC (cation exchange capacity), THC (total hydrocarbon) and available phosphorus.

scholarly journals Effects of Campaign-Based Soil and Water Conservation Practice on Soil Properties: The Case of Workamba Watershed, Debark District, North Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-301
Author(s):  
Muluneh Bogale ◽  
◽  
Getnet Wondie ◽  
Abdrahman Shafi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Soil And Water

Land degradation is a serious environmental problem in Ethiopia. To address the problem, soil and water conservation practices were implemented through campaign. This study was conducted at Workamba watershed Debark district, North Ethiopia to assess the effect of campaign soil and water conservation (SWC) practice on selected soil properties. Composite soil samples from 1.5 meters above the soil bunds, at the center and 1.5 meters below the soil bunds between the two consecutive structures were collected. The soil samples were analyzed following standard laboratory procedures. Results showed bulk density (BD), electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca2+), and sodium (Na+) were not significantly affected by slope gradient and terrace position and their interaction. But pH was significantly influenced by the interaction effect. Cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable potassium (K+), and clay content were significantly changed with both slope gradient and terrace position. Whereas, total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (Av-P), and magnesium (Mg2+), and soil organic carbon (SOC) were significantly affected with terrace position and slope gradient, respectively. Because of the conservation barrier, most soil properties were better at the bottom terrace position and gentle slope gradient.

scholarly journals Adsorption of Copper in Soil and its Dependence on Physical and Chemical Properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Vlček ◽  
Miroslav Pohanka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Copper Adsorption ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil samples (n = 11) were collected in the chernozem areas of the Czech Republic (the Central Europe) from the topsoil and used as representative samples. All sampling areas have been used for agricultural purposes (arable soil) and they were selected as typical representatives of agricultural soil. These samples represented the soil with same genesis (to reduction differencies between soil types) but with different soil properties (physical and chemical). Complete chemical and physical analyses were made for confirmation of copper adsorption on solid phase: we analysed the particle size distribution, content of oxidizable carbon (Cox), the cation exchange capacity (CEC), supply of exchange calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus and potassium, soil reaction and the total supply of Fe, Al, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, P and N. The strongest simple correlation between analysed soil properties and copper concentration had content of available magnesium (r = 0.44) and available phosphorus (r = −0.51). In the case of multiple correlations (i. e. collective influence of multiple soil properties) had the strongest influence combination of clay, soil reaction, total content of phosphorus, available magnesium and available phosphorus. The main influence of phosphorus and magnesium is evident. We suppose that copper and phosphorus enter into specific complex. Influence of these five soil properties can explain 92.7 % (r = 0.927) changes in the content of copper changes in the experiment.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nickel Mining on Soil Properties and Growth of Two Fast-Growing Tropical Trees Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ricksy Prematuri ◽  
Maman Turjaman ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
The Impact

Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ON SOIL EROSION PROCESSES AND SOIL PROPERTIES ON HILLY LANDSCAPE IN WESTERN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gintaras JARAŠIŪNAS ◽  
Irena KINDERIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of different land use systems on soil erosion rates, surface evolution processes and physico-chemical properties on a moraine hilly topography in Lithuania. The soil of the experimental site is Bathihypogleyi – Eutric Albeluvisols (abe–gld–w) whose texture is a sandy loam. After a 27-year use of different land conservation systems, three critical slope segments (slightly eroded, active erosion and accumulation) were formed. Soil physical properties of the soil texture and particle sizes distribution were examined. Chemical properties analysed for were soil ph, available phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (N). We estimated the variation in thickness of the soil Ap horizon and soil physico-chemical properties prone to a sustained erosion process. During the study period (2010–2012) water erosion occurred under the grain– grass and grass–grain crop rotations, at rates of 1.38 and 0.11 m3 ha–1 yr–1, respectively. Soil exhumed due to erosion from elevated positions accumulated in the slope bottom. As a result, topographic transfiguration of hills and changes in soil properties occurred. However, the accumulation segments of slopes had significantly higher silt/clay ratios and SOC content. In the active erosion segments a lighter soil texture and lower soil ph were recorded. Only long-term grassland completely stopped soil erosion effects; therefore geomorphologic change and degradation of hills was estimated there as minimal.

Burning of Oil Spills

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Evans ◽  
G.W. Mulholland ◽  
J.R. Lawson ◽  
E.J. Tennyson ◽  
M.F. Fingas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Research Effort ◽  
Heat Radiation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT The Center for Fire Research (CFR) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is conducting research related to safety in offshore drilling and oil spill pollution under joint funding from Minerals Management Service (MMS), U.S. Coast Guard, and the American Petroleum Institute. Technical assistance in measurement has been donated by Environment Canada. This research has focused on examining the phenomena associated with crude oil combustion and the impact of using burning as a spill response method. The process of burning crude oil on water as a means to mitigate oil spills has been investigated with a research effort combining both small-scale experiments and calculations. As a result of these studies, there has been increased understanding of the burning process, including burning rate, heat radiation, smoke emission, smoke composition, and smoke dispersion in the atmosphere. A key to gaining acceptance of burning as a spill response technique is the demonstration that favorable results obtained at laboratory scale can be shown to continue in test burns representing the size of fires expected in actual operations. Field-scale burn tests are being planned and coordinated jointly by MMS, API, USCG, and Environment Canada to document the use of burning technology under conditions simulating actual oil spill cleanup operations. The purpose of this project is to measure the effects of oil spill burning in laboratory and field tests.

scholarly journals Environmental Education for Sustainable Human and Resource Development in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Alaba E. Dare
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Environmental Laws ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
The Impact

The natural environment of the 21st century is facing the threat of global warming and climate change due to human interaction with the environment. This paper focused on environmental challenges in the Niger Delta and the impact of oil spillage on the Biodiversity of the wetland area of the zone. Appropriate Conservation and Sustainable approach were recommended, which include: Enforcement of environmental laws, cleansing of oil spill, restricting access to environmental resources and constant surveillance of our coastal areas and oil fields.

scholarly journals Effect of sea level rise on oil spill model drift using TELEMAC-2D

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1031
Author(s):  
W. Lavine ◽  
M. H. Jamal ◽  
A. K. Abd Wahab ◽  
E. H. Kasiman
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Hydrodynamic Behaviour ◽  
Oil Spillage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Sea level rise (SLR) is a serious issue around the world that affects the hydrodynamic behaviour of river and coastal waters. This work presents the hydrodynamic pattern modelled for the region and prediction of oil spill spreading at Pulai River estuary and southwest Johor Strait before and after SLR phenomenon using TELEMAC-2D. The hydrodynamic calibration and validation were in good agreement between measured and modelled values. The mean absolute error (MAE) of water level is less than 3% and average difference in speed and direction of current is less than 10% and 30°, respectively. These values meet the impact evaluation assessment by the Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), which is less than 10% for water level and less than 30% and 45° for current speed and direction, respectively. Permanent service for mean sea level (PSMSL) analysis shows an increased water level of 0.35 m after SLR rise by year 2100. Currents also increase with the effect of SLR. At the Pulai River, the observed spill trajectory remains the same before and after SLR but in open seas, the affected oil spillage area at the anchorage zone is estimated to increase 28% after SLR compared to 2015. It is predicted that SLR increases water level, currents and oil spill spreading at open seas.

Wildfire effects on soil carbon and water repellency under eucalyptus forest in Eastern Australia

Soil Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Heath ◽  
Chris J. Chafer ◽  
Thomas F. A. Bishop ◽  
Floris F. Van Ogtrop
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Burn Severity ◽  
Eucalyptus Forest ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
The Impact

Soil properties can be considerably modified as a result of wildfire. This study examined the impact of wildfire on total carbon and water repellency at two study sites, namely Cranebrook and Wentworth Falls, located 45 and 75 km west of Sydney, Australia, respectively. Within each study site, we measured soil properties at two depth intervals from five burn severity classes along 15 transects (10 sample points per transect). Samples were taken 6, 12 and 36 months after wildfire. Soil total carbon was measured using LECO combustion analysis and potential soil water repellency was determined using water drop penetration time. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the results, with burn severity and time as factors. Burn severity had a significant effect on both soil total carbon and water repellency at both study sites, whereas time was only significant for soil carbon at Wentworth Falls. Soil total carbon and water repellency were variable through time due to local environmental variables, such as rainfall and temperature. The relationship between soil total carbon and water repellency was strong for Cranebrook in the surface soil (r = 0.62) and lower in the subsurface soil (r = 0.41), but weaker at Wentworth Falls, with values of r = 0.22 and r = 0.15 in the surface and subsurface soils respectively.

scholarly journals Woodchip biochar with or without synthetic fertilizers affects soil properties and available phosphorus in two alkaline, chernozemic soils

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Surani Chathurika ◽  
Darshani Kumaragamage ◽  
Francis Zvomuya ◽  
Olalekan O. Akinremi ◽  
Donald N. Flaten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Olsen P ◽  
Synthetic Fertilizers ◽  
Biochar Amendment

Fertility enhancement with biochar application is well documented for tropical acidic soils; however, benefits of biochar coapplied with synthetic fertilizers (SFs) on soil fertility are not well documented, particularly for alkaline chernozems. We examined the short-term interactive effects of woodchip biochar amendment with fertilizers on selected soil properties, available phosphorus (P), and P fractions of two alkaline Chernozems from Manitoba. Treatments were (1) urea and monoammonium phosphate fertilizers, (2) biochar at 10 g kg−1, (3) biochar at 20 g kg−1, (4) biochar at 10 g kg−1with fertilizers, (5) biochar at 20 g kg−1with fertilizers, and (6) a control. Treated soils were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and Olsen P concentration biweekly, and for P fractions, cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic carbon (OC), and wet aggregate stability after 70 d of incubation. Biochar amendment without fertilizers significantly increased soil pH and CEC but had no effect on EC, while coapplication with fertilizers significantly increased Olsen P and labile P concentrations. When coapplied with fertilizers, biochar did not significantly increase soil pH relative to the control. Results suggest that biochar improved soil properties and available P in alkaline Chernozems, and the beneficial effects were enhanced when coapplied with SFs.

scholarly journals Influence of organic and mineral fertilisation on organic matter fractions of a Brazilian Acrisol under maize/common bean intercrop

Soil Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. C. Leite ◽  
E. S. Mendonça ◽  
P. L. O. A. Machado
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Carbon Pools ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Organic Compost

In 1984, a field experiment was initiated in Coimbra, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil, involving the combination of 3 levels of mineral fertilisers at control (0); 10 kg N/ha, 15 kg P/ha, and 17 kg K/ha (MF1); 20 kg N/ha, 30 kg P/ha, and 34 kg K/ha (MF2); and 2 levels of organic compost at control (0) and 40 m3/ha (OC) in a maize/common bean intercrop. Soil samples were collected (0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20 m) in 2000 to evaluate the impact of mineral and organic compost on total carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) stocks and on organic carbon pools of a Ferric Acrisol (Chromosol in the Australian Soil Classification). Additional soil samples were collected from an adjacent site covered by secondary Atlantic Forest as a reference. The conversion of forest to agriculture caused a reduction in most of TOC, TN, and microbial biomass carbon, free-light fraction carbon (CLF), and non-labile carbon. The carbon pools in cultivated plot were enhanced by the addition of compost alone. At both depths, TOC and TN stocks were higher (P < 0.05) in the MF2 + OC than MF2 treatment. Compared to soils that have received mineral fertiliser alone or combined with compost, the stocks of labile organic carbon, TN, and CLF were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by the sole application of compost.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document