scholarly journals Libraries of Social Organizations of Kazan within the Cultural Environment of the Region in the middle of the 19th — early 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-425
Author(s):  
Anna V. Abitova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Book Reading ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Library ◽  
Professional Literature ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Social Organizations

The range of problems related to the research of regional features of librarianship development has not lost its significance, it urgently requires further consideration. The study of libraries as an integral part of the culture of Kazan and the results of their educational activities will allow identifying and understanding the unique experience of book veneration, national library construction and the culture of book reading in the region, in order to preserve it in the memory of further generations. Identification of patterns and contradictions in the organization of book service in the specific conditions of the national Republic will allow to see the comprehensive picture of the historical-book era from perspective of “library — society”. The author underlines the necessity to streamline and structure scientific information about the libraries of Kazan in the middle of the 19th — early 20th century with a view to its further extraction and use by local historians, librarianship historians and other humanitarian broad specialists in their scientific research.The phenomenon of libraries of public and social institutions of Kazan is an important page in the regional librarianship. Available publications on the topic cover only some of its fragments. Meanwhile, this component of the regional historical and cultural stratum contains rich material that needs further study and introduction into scientific circulation. The following information, extracted from various sources and being only introduction to the topic, is evidence of this.The author studied the development of library and educational activities through the prism of libraries of public and social institutions of Kazan. The research material allows concluding that before the Russian revolution there was created a very extensive, though disordered system of libraries of public and social organizations.The research is carried out on the basis of the Collection for Library Science of the National Library of Russia (NLR), the Department of Rare Books and Manuscripts and the Department of Tatar and Local Lore Literature of the National Library of the Republic of Tatarstan. The author studied the information, reflected in the electronic catalogues of the NLR, the Russian State Library and the Mayakovsky Central City Public Library in St. Petersburg, materials of scientific and practical conferences, publications in professional literature and archival documents. This study summarizes the results of this work. Based on the studied sources, the author revealed the trends of pre-revolutionary library-enlightenment activities as national, cultural and informational heritage of the region.

scholarly journals EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF TATAR INTELLECTUALS IN KAZAKH SOCIETY IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarkulova ◽  
◽  
S. Kaldybayeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
The People ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
Periodical Publishing

At the beginning of the century, educated, open-minded and patriotic representatives of the intelligents of the Turkic people paid special attention to the spiritual heritage of the people and focused all their efforts on strengthening the sphere of education. The Tatar intelligents has a special role and place in this direction. The Tatar intelligents tried to draw public attention to the needs not only of its people, but also with other fraternal, Turkic-Muslim peoples with whom it had established close ties. These efforts are clearly reflected in the Tatar periodical publishing. The Tatar intelligents saw the periodic printing as one way to lift the spirit of the people away from colonial oppression. Indeed, the periodic seal was the last hope and support for many Turkic-Muslim peoples deprived of their land and political freedom. At the same time, it is possible to commend the educational activities of the Tatar intelligents in the formation of the Kazakh intelligents in the field of education and in the works of publishing houses.

Public art libraries and artists and designers: a symbiotic scheme for success

1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Dane
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Public Art ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Art Exhibitions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Collections ◽  
Career Opportunities

The inter-relationship between art librarians and artists/designers in the public library sector in America has been a reality since the early 20th century when libraries were organized into subject departments. This specialized clientele is eclectic and ranges from novices to the most accomplished artists and includes architects, art directors, illustrators, calligraphers, craftspeople and photographers in addition to painters, sculptors and graphic artists. Materials and services in public art libraries are highly diversified and the literature of other disciplines is also readily available. The increase in art exhibitions and special collections is noted in addition to a new focus on information for career opportunities, art law and the handicapped. Current developments set the stage for the continuing symbiotic relationship between public art librarians and artists/designers into the 21st century.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

scholarly journals The true professionals. Reminiscences of authority bibliographers

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
G. Gedrimovich
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Individual Characteristic ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Reference Library ◽  
National Library ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Group Processing ◽  
Library Studies ◽  
Characteristic Features

On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the National Library of Russia, the reminiscences by Gertruda Vasilyevna Gedrimovich, the oldest and prominent Russian bibliographer, of her first mentors in the profession. The portraits of Elena Vladimirovna Iуenish (1926–2008), Victor Isidorovich Gransky (1903–1970), and Lyudmila Veniaminovna Zilbermintz (1909–1972) – outstanding staff members of Saltykov-Shchedrin State Public Library (today – National Library of Russia), are given. Some interesting facts in their biographies are cited; their contribution to the library science and leadership are appraised. The author emphasizes their spacious intellect, principles of work and mentorship. Their work made the essence and way of their living. All of them were talented persons with their individual characteristic features. Special attention is given to their ability to achieve high goals and professional results. The author also focuses on the timeless value of the profession of bibliographer and expresses her hope that it will last and develop: today, professional and experienced bibliographers of the National Library of Russia, its general catalogs, group processing department, periodicals reading rooms, Central Reference Library, Library Studies Office, and E-library efficiently execute queries and orders.

scholarly journals The scientific library: The retrospective and modern term interpretation

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
E. Poltavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Library Science ◽  
National Library ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Science ◽  
Separate Class ◽  
Modern Term ◽  
Private Individual ◽  
Rule Out

The author investigates why the term “scientific library” may not be accepted as a separate class within the classification of libraries based on structural systematization. She also reviews the idea of the scientific library as seen by the national science in the 1930s when this phenomenon was first conceptualized. The concept by Dmitry D. Ivanov is examined; he made distinction between the two library processes: generation of library documents and their delivery to users. The author emphasizes the closeness of D. Ivanov’v ideas to her own interpretation of “the public library” concept. She concludes that the libraries of any structure (public or private individual) may support science though we may not identify a separate class of the scientific libraries within the general library classification based on structural systematization. However, the author does not rule out building an isolated classification where the concept of “the scientific library” will be divided into two types in accordance with the concept structure, namely “the public scientific library” and “private use library”. Further division would be similar to that of the general classification. The author considers the concept of “the research library” to be optional for the national library science.

scholarly journals RETI IR VERTINGI LIETUVIŠKI KONTRAFAKCINIAI LEIDINIAI (1865–1904) KAUNO APSKRITIES VIEŠOJOJE BIBLIOTEKOJE

Knygotyra ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 202-216
Author(s):  
RAMUNĖ DAMBRAUSKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Libraries ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
National Library ◽  
The Press ◽  
Virtual Libraries ◽  
Science Centre ◽  
Reading Culture

Kauno apskrities viešoji bibliotekaRadastų g. 2, LT-44164 Kaunas, LietuvaEl. paštas: [email protected] draudimo metais leisti lietuviškieji kontrafakciniai leidiniai užima svarbią vietą tarp Kauno apskrities viešojoje bibliotekoje saugomų spaudos paveldo objektų. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama šių leidinių repertuaro sudėtis, egzempliorių savybės, įrišimai, knygos ženklai, marginalijos. Dėl istoriškai susiklosčiusių kontrafakcijų gamybos bei sklaidos aplinkybių, caro valdžios vykdomo persekiojimo dauguma išlikusių leidinių yra reti. Turimi duomenys leidžia daryti išvadą, kad kontrafakcijų rinkinio knygos dėl retų egzempliorių, rankraštinių įrašų kirilika ir lotyniškais rašmenimis, marginalijų ir kitų knygos ženklų yra vertingas knygos ir kultūros istorijos tyrinėjimų šaltinis.Reikšminiai žodžiai: nacionalinė bibliografija, knygos istorija, spaudos draudimas, kontrafakcijos, spaudos paveldas, knygų įrišimai, knygos ženklai, proveniencijos, marginalijos.RARE AND VALUABLE LITHUANIAN CONTRAFACTIONS (1865–1904) OF THE KAUNAS COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARYRAMUNĖ DAMBRAUSKIENĖ   AbstractOld and Rare Books Department of the Kau­nas County Public Library (further referred to as KCPL) preserves over 200 thousand copies of books, periodicals, maps, manuscripts from the 15th–mid 20th century in Lithuanian and foreign languages. Written cultural heritage stored in the library is the only heritage of this type in Kaunas County and the largest among all County Public Libraries of Lithuania. An important part of the collection is Lithuanian contrafactions published in the press prohibiti­on period (1864–1904). The collection contains 465 publications of 218 titles, which constitu­te 26.2 percent of all published contrafactions (833). According to the presently known statis­tics, 41.7 percent of the contrafactions stored at the KCPL are rare (up to 10 remaining copies); among them, there are 2 unique publications, 12 rarities, 19 especially rare publications. The major part of the collection consists of religious publications: prayer-books, saints’ lives, ascetic literature, etc. One fifth of the collection con­sists of secular books: fiction, calendars, hou­sehold-practical books, etc. The low quality of polygraphy and artistry of their bindings are mostly due to contrafaction production and dis­tribution conditions. Books were published at a low price, paperback, small in size and volume. More impressive were only prayer-book bin­dings. In the collection, 185 books are marked with various ownership insignias. There were found 255 book insignias: 124 institutional and personal stamps, 111 manuscript inscriptions, 12 glue marks, 4 ex-librises, 4 super-ex-librises; 51 books contain marginalia, mostly those from the Samogitian Priest Seminary Library. Manu­script inscriptions written in the Cyrillic alpha­bet show the influence of the press prohibition period on the culture of Lithuanian script. Pro­venances of the KCPL contrafactions, margina­lia, book binding, etc. reflect the reading culture of the late 19th–early 20th century and are a source for the further investigation of the book and script history. The KCPL contrafactions are a significant supplement of national bibliograp­hy: 321 copies are not registered in the publica­tions of retrospective national bibliography and in the data-bank of the Bibliography and Book Science Centre of the National Library. This written heritage is valuable for the Kaunas regi­on for its amount and content, which represents the period of press prohibition. The second sta­ge of creating virtual libraries, which has started in regional libraries, will guarantee the preserva­tion and spread of this heritage.rif'; text-transform: uppercase;"> 

scholarly journals The Main Library of Ivanovo-Voznesensk: the History of Creation and Development (1865-1917)

2015 ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksei A. Soloviev
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Financial Position ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the history of creation and development of Ivanovo-Voznesensk Public Library in the second half of the 19 - early 20th century. There are analyzed the qualitative and quantitative composition of the library, the financial position of the library, the necessity for such educational institution for the city.

Literacy Training for the Lower Ranks of the Russian Army in the Second Half of the 19th – Beginning of the 20th Century (on the Materials of the Cities of Western Siberia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4 (28)) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Olga V. Gefner
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
The State ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Educational Activities ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Literacy Training ◽  
Military Units

The article analyzes the educational level of the lower ranks of the Russian army in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century on the example of military units serving in the cities of Western Siberia. The educational policy of the state in relation to the lower ranks, educational activities in the troops of the region are considered.

Lessons from exits foreclosed: An exilic interpretation of the Mexican and Russian Revolutions, 1910–1924

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-488
Author(s):  
Andrew R Smolski ◽  
Javier Sethness Castro ◽  
Alexander Reid Ross
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Formation Process ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
World System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Political Economic

We apply a typology of exile to factions involved in the Mexican and Russian Revolutions of the early 20th century. Our typology is based on Grubačić and O’Hearn’s theory of exile, which seeks to explain how alternative social institutions based on mutual aid, substantive reproduction, and egalitarian, direct democracy come into being and sustain themselves. We argue for exile as a determinant of revolutionary outcomes and the state (de)formation process and that we must understand exile-in-rupture as a moment when structures are at maximal flux due to the existence of exilic factions. By doing so, we offer a novel approach to understanding revolutions and state (de)formation based upon the alliances between exilic and incorporative factions. Through descriptions of loyalty bargains made, maintained, and broken during the Mexican and Russian Revolutions, we demonstrate how factions representing autonomy and exit are excluded from the resulting political-economic order post-Revolution, while their energy and power are leveraged during revolution itself. Based on this, we argue that exile is a key component of radical strategy, but that it is often precariously based on loyalty bargains that underpin it. Due to exile’s precarity, revolutions are foreclosed by reincorporation into the capitalist world-system as states are (re)formed by incorporative factions. Therefore, exile is both a necessary and contingent component of revolution and state (de)formation.

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