scholarly journals Impact of state support on the development of agriculture and rural areas in the European North of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Rational Distribution

The article analyzes the development dependence of agriculture and rural areas of the European North on the current state programs. The downward trend in the living standards of the rural population developed in the 90s and continues to the present. Using the example of the Northwestern Federal District, the author analyzed the main stages of state regulation of agriculture. At the “free market” stage, an orientation towards the import of all food products prevailed, which led not only to a reduction in agricultural production, but also to deterioration in the diet of northerners. Subsidies to the agro-industrial complex do not take into account regional specifics: they are aimed at stimulating megaprojects that are not competitive in the climatic conditions of the North of Russia. For the rational distribution of production, it is necessary to attract investments in medium and small farms, but they are not among the priority projects. These farms maintain profitability even with minimal subsidies and create jobs for the rural population. The programs of integrated rural development for 2020-2025 adopted in the subjects of the Russian Federation cannot solve the set of tasks due to insufficient amount of allocated funds.

scholarly journals Analysis of the efficiency of agricultural production

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
A. A. Akbasheva ◽  
I. S. Dzakhmisheva ◽  
Y. V. Masalova
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
The North ◽  
Berry Crops

The scientific article presents the results of the analysis of the state of functioning of agricultural enterprises. The natural and economic situation in the region makes it possible to intensively develop the production of marketable products in all sectors of the agro-industrial complex, including fruit and vegetable growing in terms of profitability. Fruit and vegetable products are one of the most important types that are in high demand among the population and consumers outside the region. The Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is the largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the North Caucasus Federal District. Studies have shown that the main factors determining the growth of the gross production of vegetables and berries is the expansion of areas for fruit and berry crops by half by 2010. Based on the research carried out, it is confirmed that the use of intensive technologies in the production of fruits and berries provides a fairly high increase in yield. Due to the fact that fruit and berry crops are perishable food products, it is necessary to bring them to the end consumer in a presentable form as soon as possible. One of the problems often encountered for the further development of fruit and berry production is the incompletely established links between producers and various services that perform the functions of storage, transportation, processing and delivery of products to end consumers. Therefore, farms of all categories should take into account first and foremost when developing policies for managing production activities and forecasting. Increasing the efficiency of production of fruit and berry products and continuous saturation of the consumer market with high-quality fruit and berry products is possible in the context of the introduction of the introduction of intensive methods of agricultural technology, strengthening of state support measures in the context of the application of the results of analysis of the effectiveness of the activities of farms of all categories. An increase in the gross yield of fruits and berries can be achieved as a result of planting orchards using adapted varieties that are resistant to current climatic conditions.

scholarly journals (M.A. thesis) Migration schedules by age and characterization of migrants in the micro-regions of Goiás and the Federal District, 1975–1979 and 1986–1990

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Federal District ◽  
The State ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
The North ◽  
High Level

Title in Portuguese: Funções de migração por idade e caracterização de migrantes das microrregiões de Goiás e Distrito Federal, 1975-1979 e 1986-1990(Dissertação de Mestrado)(M.A. Thesis)Since the 70’s, the Brazilian Middle-West Region has experienced an important modernization process in agricultural and industrial activities, which has led to an employment retraction and migration flows, especially from rural areas to the major metropolitan cities of the region. In this research the focus of analysis are the State of Goiás and the Federal District, which encompasses Brasília, the capital of Brazil. In order to understand the new population configuration, the region was divided into four sub-areas (micro-region of Goiânia, micro-region of Entorno de Brasília, the Federal District, and a group of 16 micro-regions of Goiás) and the patterns of migration, by age and sex, were estimated for the periods 1975-1979 and 1986-1991. In addition, differences between native and migrant population of each sub-area, according to the participation in the labor force, income, education and type of migration were investigated. The analysis was performed on the basis of the 1980 and 1991 Brazilian Census data.In the intra-state migration, the fluxes between the micro-region of Goiânia and the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás, and between the Federal District and the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília were the most important. In the inter-state migration, the flux from the states of Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and the North region to the 16 micro-regions of Goiás, as well as the flux from Northeast, Southeast and South to the Federal District were significant. But there was a decline in the migration to the Federal District, between 1975-1979 and 1986-1991, while, in the same period, the migration to the Entorno of Brasília increased.The chance of the migrant population in the micro-region of Goiânia and in the Federal District to have worked in the last 12 months prior to census interview was lower than that of the native population. However, those who migrated from the Federal District to the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília had higher chance to have worked in the formal sector than those who did not migrate. Migrants who moved from the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília and the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás to the micro-region of Goiânia had lower wages than the non-migrant population. The lowest level of wages was recorded for the migrants to the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás. Migrants living in the Federal District had high level of education, while those migrants living in the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília had low level of education.In 1986-1990, the micro-regions of Goiânia and Entorno de Brasília, as well as the 16 other micro-regions of Goiás, presented a high percentage of returned migrants. In the same period, a major proportion of migrants to the micro-region of Entorno de Brasília had first moved from Southeast or from the Federal District to others regions. In addition, there was a considerable proportion of migrants with low income who had moved from Northeast to the Federal District and then to the micro-region of the Entorno de Brasília.Future research could focus other areas or regions of Brazil, and could also explore the same kind of analysis, on the basis of the incoming 2000 Brazilian Census, which requires the development of new techniques, as it did not collect information on the city of previous residence, but only on the state of residence.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF FORMATION OF REGIONAL INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-946
Author(s):  
V.Ya. Akhmetov ◽  
R.N. Galikeev
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Regional Innovation ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

According to the results of 2020, in the rating of the subjects of the Russian Federation for the production of gross agricultural output, the Republic of Bashkortostan came in 6th place and 2nd in the Volga Federal District. The long-term leadership of the republic in terms of the development of the agro-industrial complex is largely explained by the presence of large areas of agricultural land (more than 7.2 million hectares), sufficient labor resources and relatively favorable soil and climatic conditions for the development of many branches of agriculture. However, in the XXI century, without the introduction of agro-innovations and the development of high-tech agriculture, processing industry, an effective system for the sale of manufactured products, it is becoming increasingly problematic to ensure the long-term competitiveness of the agro-industrial complex of the region both at the All-Russian and global levels. Current trends in the development of agribusiness in the world and in our country clearly show the priority of using the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress and significant investments in new agricultural technologies at the regional level in order to ensure high quality products and compete with domestic and foreign companies. Within the framework of this study, the need to improve the interaction of agribusiness with the scientific and educational sphere and the formation of the regional innovation infrastructure of the agro-industrial complex in the Republic of Bashkortostan with the coordinating role of the Ufa Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan is actualized. The authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the key problems in the creation of a regional agro-industrial scientific and production cluster in the Republic of Bashkortostan and outlined priorities in its development.

scholarly journals Assessment of the food security level in the regions of the European North of Russia based on benchmarking methodology

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
O. G. Moronova ◽  
O. B. Kirik ◽  
N. A. Kremlyova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Security Level ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
European North ◽  
Starting Conditions ◽  
Leading Position

This paper justifies the need to use benchmarking tools when assessing food security in the regions of the European North of Russia. The authors reveal the essence and advantages of this approach, define the criteria that characterize the agrarian potential of the regions. On the basis of the author’s methodology, the study develops an algorithm for the benchmarking procedure and tests it on the subjects of the North-West Federal District. Based on the indicators of the formation and use of the agrarian potential and the applied ranking methodology, the paper reveals the similarity of five regions of the European North of Russia, substantiates the leading position of the agricultural sector of the Vologda region. As a result of the study, the authors make a conclusion that the level of food security in the region depends on the starting conditions of the region, relies on state and regional needs, takes into account the regulatory framework. This circumstance makes it necessary to constantly assess the level of food security in order to make appropriate decisions about the necessary management impacts.

scholarly journals Changes in Lifestyles and living Conditions of the Rural Population of the Russian Central Federal District as a Factor in the Dynamics of Human Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-280
Author(s):  
Valentina Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Central Federal District ◽  
High Level

The article raises the issue of the dynamics of human capital of rural Russia of the Central Federal District with the example of the Yaroslavl area in conditions of depopulation and growth of return migration. On the basis of the results of the empirical research, using the methods of in-depth interviews and the search survey according to the structured questionnaire, the author examines the way of life and living conditions of the rural population from the perspective of the past, present and future. The article identifies key problems that are acutely felt and reflected by the inhabitants of the village: lack of jobs, opportunities for decent work in the countryside, poor roads and medical services, a low level of amenities and recreational activities. Also, based on the reasoning of the respondents, the author points out some positive aspects of life in rural areas: good ecology, availability and operation of kindergartens and schools, a relatively high level of development of digital technologies, a moderate, peaceful life. In conclusion, the author highlights the key factors influencing the lifestyle and quality of life of rural residents and concludes that, in the light of this situation, without State policy intervention in the development and preservation of human capital, Depopulation and atrophy of rural areas will continue.

scholarly journals AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AS BASIS FOR LIVING STANDARD IMPROVEMENT IN SINGLEINDUSTRY TOWNS

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
М. Оборин ◽  
M. Oborin ◽  
И. Кожушкина ◽  
I. Kozhushkina
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Single Industry

The article is devoted to the problem of living standard improvement in single-industry towns on the basis of regional specialization. In modern conditions, much attention is paid to the complex of factors and conditions for the formation of certain areas of economic activity. The North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD) has significant potential for agricultural development, which can contribute to solving the problems of single-industry towns with industrial specialization. These statistics indicate several positive trends in the socio-economic situation in the region: an increase in the number of inhabitants of the rural population, a steady increase in the share of food products and agricultural raw materials in the total volume of Russian imported goods. The main importance of rural areas in the reproductive concept of the North Caucasus regions is determined by the functions of the social-territorial system of communities: industrial, demographic, socio-cultural, nature protection, recreational. Research methods: systematic, formal-logical, analysis and modeling of socioeconomic processes. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach is a comprehensive assessment of agriculture in the region as the main factor in improving the socio-economic situation of single-industry towns. As a result, the research has revealed the positive impact of the industry on the living standards in the single-industry towns of the North Caucasus Federal District (NCFD).

STRATEGIC GROUNDS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMING IN THE NORTHWEST

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1190-1204
Author(s):  
E.A. Shepeleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Federal State ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Peasant Farm ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government

The need to formulate a strategy for the development of farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation is confirmed by the fact of their significant contribution to maintaining rural areas and ensuring food security in the region. The article proposes recommendations for creating strategic foundations for the development of peasant farm enterprises in the North-West of the Russian Federation, which can be used by the authorities when developing such a strategy. The study is based on the works of both domestic and foreign scientists-economists dealing with the issues of strategic planning considering farms and identifies various nuances of this issue. According to the foreign researchers, it is important for a farmer to find his competitive advantage, and this must be done taking into account the assessment of internal and external opportunities and threats. The analysis used the data of the Federal State Statistics Service for the municipal districts of the Northwestern Federal District, as well as methods of socio-economic analysis, economic and statistical (groupings), SWOT analysis, the problem tree method, the method of typing the municipal districts by A.I. Kostyaev. The study made it possible to propose recommendations for the formation of a strategic framework for developing farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation. Main scenarios for the development of this category of farms in accordance with the determined types of municipal districts and the classification of alternative farming strategies existing in modern science were identified, and SWOT was carried out, i.e., the analysis of the peasant farm enterprise development from the point of view of the farmer and the state. Also a problem tree for developing these farms was built, taking into account the specifics of the Northwestern Federal District, which made it possible to identify the difficulties that hinder the successful functioning of farms. In order to improve the functioning of peasant farm enterprises in the region, measures are recommended that should become the basis for the development strategy of these farms in the North-West of the Russian Federation, including: increasing state support, improving the legal framework, expanding educational programs and consulting activities, supporting the sales market by the government authorities.

Migration potential of the post-soviet space as a resource of the Russian rural labor market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanovna Semenova ◽  
Vladimir Gennadievich Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Migration Potential

Human resources are the most important factor in the socio-economic development of the econo-my, including the economy of the agricultural sphere (meaning the organic unity of agricultural production and rural areas). In this regard, the authors of the study pay special attention to the analysis of the situation of its staffing, primarily in terms of studying the processes occurring in the human resources potential of mass professions, specialists and managers of agricultural organ-izations in Russia. The analysis was carried out according to the departmental reports of the Min-istry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The article shows the dependence of the agricultur-al labor market, characterized by a shortage of personnel, both mass professions and specialists, on the internal factor (training of personnel) and external (attraction of migrants), examines the modern agricultural labor market, describes the multidirectional trends in the supply of labor both at the expense of migrants and at the expense of the domestic system of professionalization of personnel. It is determined that the outfl ow of rural population within and between the regions of Russia is more extensive than the inflow due to migration exchange with foreign countries, this disparity increases during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and related social distancing measures. At the same time, despite the constantly observed decline in the number of workers in mass professions in the agro-industrial complex, the availability of jobs is almost at the same lev-el of 93–95 %. It is shown that the income of migrants and the transfer of part of the funds to the countries of emigration have a positive effect on GDP growth and poverty reduction in these countries, and the quality of exported labor also improves. The relationship between rural migration and agricultural production is revealed. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclu-sion that the state migration policy should stimulate the consolidation of the rural population and the return migration of the urban population to the rural area, and increase the attractiveness of rural areas for resettlement through the formation of unified rural-urban labor markets and agglomerations.

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