Migration potential of the post-soviet space as a resource of the Russian rural labor market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Ivanovna Semenova ◽  
Vladimir Gennadievich Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Migration Potential

Human resources are the most important factor in the socio-economic development of the econo-my, including the economy of the agricultural sphere (meaning the organic unity of agricultural production and rural areas). In this regard, the authors of the study pay special attention to the analysis of the situation of its staffing, primarily in terms of studying the processes occurring in the human resources potential of mass professions, specialists and managers of agricultural organ-izations in Russia. The analysis was carried out according to the departmental reports of the Min-istry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation. The article shows the dependence of the agricultur-al labor market, characterized by a shortage of personnel, both mass professions and specialists, on the internal factor (training of personnel) and external (attraction of migrants), examines the modern agricultural labor market, describes the multidirectional trends in the supply of labor both at the expense of migrants and at the expense of the domestic system of professionalization of personnel. It is determined that the outfl ow of rural population within and between the regions of Russia is more extensive than the inflow due to migration exchange with foreign countries, this disparity increases during the pandemic caused by COVID-19 and related social distancing measures. At the same time, despite the constantly observed decline in the number of workers in mass professions in the agro-industrial complex, the availability of jobs is almost at the same lev-el of 93–95 %. It is shown that the income of migrants and the transfer of part of the funds to the countries of emigration have a positive effect on GDP growth and poverty reduction in these countries, and the quality of exported labor also improves. The relationship between rural migration and agricultural production is revealed. As a result of the study, the authors come to the conclu-sion that the state migration policy should stimulate the consolidation of the rural population and the return migration of the urban population to the rural area, and increase the attractiveness of rural areas for resettlement through the formation of unified rural-urban labor markets and agglomerations.

Socio-Economic Aspects of Integration of Disabled People in the Agricultural Labor Market

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
M.M. Skalnaya ◽  
◽  
Е.А. Gridasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Labor Participation ◽  
Integrated Development

The article presents an analysis of the state of the inclusive labor market in agriculture, reveals potential opportunities for expanding the labor participation of disabled people in the rural economy, and substantiates proposals for creating organizational and economic mechanisms to increase their employment, which is consistent with The State Program for integrated development of rural territories for the period up to 2025. Based on the analysis of the state of the inclusive labor market in the rural economy, the potential opportunities for expanding the labor participation of disabled people in rural areas in order to increase employment and maintain the population in rural areas are revealed. Proposals to improve the efficiency of the inclusive labor market in agriculture and increase the income of the rural population are proposed and justified.

scholarly journals Trends of Economic Activity of the Population in Rural Areas of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
Larysa Boyko ◽  
◽  
Vira Chevhanova ◽  
Svitlana Kulakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises

Annotation. Introduction. The implementation of measures to reform the economy as a whole, agrarian reform and, in particular, land relations in agriculture, was one of the factors influencing the change in the structure of the resident population in terms of economic activity and changes in the agricultural labor market. Analysis of the distribution of the population of Ukraine by economic activity indicates a decrease by almost one third of the number of the economically active population in 2019 compared to 2000. There is also a trend towards a decrease in the number of those employed in economic activity. Purpose. The aim of the article is exploration of employment indicators (formal and informal) and unemployment of the rural population in Ukraine and identification of the main trends. Results. It has been established that the employed rural population is less educated and, accordingly, they perform mostly unattractive types of work that do not require high qualifications. It was revealed that workers in rural settlements have fewer job opportunities at their place of residence. In villages, the number of people who are employers is almost half. The biggest problem in rural areas is self-employment or predominantly employment in private households. A sharp increase in the share of unemployed youth who cannot find a job after graduating from educational institutions has been established. The situation with regard to youth employment in the villages of Ukraine is especially difficult. It turned out that 2/3 of workers in rural areas are employed in the informal sector. Moreover, two urban residents of this sector prefer hired labor, in agriculture, on the contrary, self-employed make up 74.0%, that is, they work in a peasant farm for agricultural products. In half of the cases, informal employment is carried out in agriculture. Conclusions. The unemployed urban dweller is more educated and therefore has more advantages over the rural dweller in terms of employment. Unemployed people in cities have more opportunities to choose a job, therefore they are more active when they leave their jobs of their own accord and depend on the seasonality of their work. For 1990-2019 the average number of full-time agricultural enterprises decreased 12.2 times due to the liquidation of agricultural enterprises. One of the reasons was the denationalization and privatization of enterprises in Ukraine, especially in rural areas, which were not supplemented by effective mechanisms for the employment of people, including by promoting the development of entrepreneurial activity. Keywords: labor market, employment, informal employment, unemployment, economically inactive population.

Socio-engineering arrangement of the village — the basis of rural development

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-21
Author(s):  
Kh. B. Dusaev ◽  
A. Kh. Dusaeva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
Dynamic Development ◽  
The Village ◽  
Monetary Income

The article analyzes the number, employment and dynamics of monetary income of the population of the Orenburg region for a long-term period. The production of social and engineering arrangement of rural territories of the region for a number of years is analyzed in detail. Negative destructive changes and trends in employment and social development of rural areas are revealed. The directions of improvement and dynamic development of agricultural production, rural areas, and employment of the rural population are proposed.

scholarly journals Justification of necessity and analysis of state support of agroindustrial complex in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-596
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Karavdin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Support ◽  
State Program ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Agroindustrial Complex

Issues related to state support of the agro-industrial complex are relevant for all countries of the world, including the Russian Federation. The article deals with the key problems of the agro-industrial complex, which are mainly caused by the features of agriculture. The necessity of state support for the agro-industrial complex of Russia on the basis of the identified problems is substantiated. The article analyzes the directions and measures of state support in Russia, the differences between the stated goals in the state program for the development of the agro-industrial complex and the results in practice. The lack of a comprehensive approach to solving existing problems and proper control over the implementation of the state program, ill-considered and insufficient funding of individual programs, lobbying by large agricultural holdings of their interests and the monopolization of agricultural production do not allow to rely on the development of small agribusiness and rural areas.

scholarly journals Improving the structure of the labor market of agricultural territories by developing agricultural green tourism enterprises

2018 ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Larysa Marmul’ ◽  
Iryna Romaniuk
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Tourism Enterprises ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

The subject of the research is the structure of the labor market of rural areas through the development of enterprises of rural green tourism. The purpose of the work is to identify problems and trends of employment of rural population and to substantiate the organization of alternative types of employment in rural areas through the development of rural green tourism enterprises. Methodological basis of the article became general scientific methods of cognition, generalization, method of comparative analysis, statistical and other methods of research. Results of work The labor market in the countryside is characterized by the curtailment of job offers through the holding of agrarian production, its modernization. There is an increase in labor productivity, the release of large masses of the rural population, a decrease in the levels of its income and life. This leads to the search for and justification of alternative types of employment in the countryside. One of them is the definition of rural green tourism and its enterprises. Moreover, the organization of small tourist enterprises and agro-villages in the village does not require significant investments and special professional training of workers. They are based on the use of material resources of farmers, personal peasant and households, as well as the traditions of hospitality and the rural way of life of Ukrainians. The field of application of results. The results of the study can be used by the state executive authorities in improving the structure of the labor market of rural areas. Conclusions With the purpose of developing the rural economy and expanding the labor market for rural residents, we proposed the development of rural green tourism enterprises. The organization of new types of economic activity in rural areas is intended to increase the incomes of rural population. With the active development of unique and competitive destinations for rural green tourism, for which rural areas are used as an advantage, rather than treated as a disadvantage, it is possible to reach a sufficiently high level of profitability. This will give impetus to the further development of the countryside and the emergence of adjacent or serving businesses.

POVERTY REDUCTION IN CHINA AND INDIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 95-115
Author(s):  
TONGJIN ZHANG ◽  
YUAN ZHANG ◽  
GUANGHUA WAN ◽  
HAITAO WU
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
China And India ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Better Than

This paper attempts to explain why China performed better than India in reducing poverty. As two of the most populous countries in the world, China and India have both experienced fast economic growth and high inequality in the past four decades. Conversely, China adopted a more export-oriented development strategy, resulting in faster industrialization or urbanization and deeper globalization, than India. Consequently, to conduct the comparative study, we first decompose poverty changes into a growth and an inequality components, assessing the relative importance of growth versus distributional changes on poverty in China and India. Then, Chinese data are used to estimate the impacts of industrialization, urbanization and globalization on poverty reduction in rural China. The major conclusion of this comparative study is that developing countries must prioritize employment generation in secondary and tertiary industries through industrialization and globalization in order to absorb surplus agricultural labor, helping reduce poverty in the rural areas.

scholarly journals Improving the Quality of Training of Engineering Personnel for the Agro-Industrial Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00130
Author(s):  
Farida Nezhmetdinova ◽  
Ayrat Valiev ◽  
Guzel Fassakhova ◽  
Bulat Ziganshin ◽  
Andrey Dmitriev
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Engineering Personnel

The article notes the need to improve the quality of engineering personnel training for the agricultural economy. This is due to the fact that the development of modern agricultural production and the sharply accelerated processes of developing and implementing innovative technologies in production against the background of increasing attention to digital technologies in agriculture require a radical modernization of the technical base of the agricultural sector of the economy. The article presents the concept of agricultural classes for young people in rural areas. This concept represents a positive experience of early involvement of young people in agricultural specialties and especially engineering personnel. A special feature of this approach is the involvement of specific agricultural producers, who are anchor employers in these territories, in the early career guidance of young people. The importance of agricultural classes is that already at school, the student can form his attitude to agriculture and by the time of graduation decided what profession and specialty he wants to master. The connection between school and university formed with the help of agricultural classes helps today's students to make a choice that will determine their future life. And its correctness depends not only on the future of one person, but also on the agriculture of the country as a whole. The article presents the experience of creating and operating agricultural classes created in the Republic of Tatarstan (Russia) by Kazan State Agrarian University, which can be replicated for other countries and will help reduce the negative trends of the shortage of qualified engineering personnel for agricultural production.

scholarly journals Implementation of government support measures for reclamation as an incentive for the development of the agricultural industry: Experience of the Republic of Tatarstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00080
Author(s):  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Farit Mukhametgaliev ◽  
Nail Asadullin ◽  
Fayaz Avkhadiev ◽  
Mars Khismatullin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Food Markets ◽  
The Republic

The article discusses the issue of government support for reclamation activities in the context of new challenges of the economic environment. The relevance of the issue is due to the need for intensive development of the agricultural sector caused by globalization processes, which have created fierce competition, both in the international and domestic food markets. Sustainable production of agricultural products on irrigated lands is one of the main indicators of the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex in areas of risky agriculture, including the Republic of Tatarstan. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of irrigated agriculture whose development depends on the stability of agricultural production and food security. The study aims to identify trends in the development of land reclamation at the regional level and substantiate measures aimed to improve the economic efficiency. The paper presents results of the analysis of development of land reclamation in the Republic of Tatarstan, identifies directions of its development, provides recommendations for ensuring sustainable growth in the volume of reclaimed land and agricultural products, income from the sale of products obtained through irrigation. The research results can be used to develop programs aimed at the development of federal and regional food markets, organizational, economic, technological measures to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, rural areas and the provision of high-quality food supply to the population.

STRATEGIC SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT IN THE SPHERE OF REGIONAL AGROINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX

1970 ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
А. G. Semkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Management System ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Spatial Development ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
State Management

Improving the management system based on the strategic directions of the regional agricultural sector spatial development in the production distribution area plays a huge role in the management and agricultural production modernization. In the proposed methodological and practical approaches specific recommendations are given on the implementation of program activities for the development of the digital economy and perspective areas based on sound methods and forms that contribute to the spatial development of production and the economy in the sub-industry and rural areas. One of the ways to improve the management system of regional agriculture in the production field should be a strategic approach associated with the transformation of the economic relations of regional authorities and local self-governments with the agricultural business subjects on the basis of information and electronic relationships, where digital technologies the using becomes the main factor of growth of agricultural production competitiveness development. The digitalization development should occur in state authorities, it is necessary to build effective management structures for regional agro-industrial complex in the information space. The effectiveness of management systems when locating production in the agro-industrial complex, as in any other industry, depends on the level of digital technologies mastering and the share of expenditures on the country's digital economy in GDP. The managing processes of the spatial development of the location of the regional agricultural production should be built on the basis of creating new strategy forms: vertically-oriented ways and methods of interaction between the government and the agrarian business. But at the same time one of the main directions of development of these relations should be the effective interaction of municipalities and economic management representatives with the use of the advantages of territorial and sectoral division. The application of the digital economy elements in the regional agro-industrial complex based on the priority of management in locating agricultural production and building interdependent relations of economic and state management will contribute to economic growth and social development of agricultural producers and rural areas directly interacting with them.

scholarly journals NEW TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND PRIORITIES OF AGRICULTURAL POLICY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
A.V. PETRIKOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Agricultural Employment ◽  
Agrarian Policy

The article analyzes the role of agriculture in the Russian economy, the main trends and problems of its development for 2014-2020. There is a decrease in the average annual indices of agricultural production for 2018-2020 compared to 2015-2017, an increase in anthropogenic pressure on the natural environment, an imbalance between the reduction of agricultural employment and the creation of alternative jobs in rural areas, uneven technological development of various categories of farms. The article substantiates the main measures of agrarian policy that ensure economic growth in agriculture, solving environmental and social problems in rural areas: improving state support for agriculture, priority development of small and medium-sized businesses, creating a modern innovation system in the agro-industrial complex.

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