scholarly journals SIFAT FISIKA TANAH PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) SETELAH DIAPLIKASI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT DAN LIMBAH CAIR PABRIK KELAPA SAWIT

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Maysarah Maysarah ◽  
Nelvia Nelvia
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Soil Color ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Palm Oil Mill

The research aims to examine the effect of the application of waste processing palm oil mill (Empty Fruit Bunches and Palm Oil Mill Effluent) on soil physical properties. The research was conducted at the oil palm plantation at Pelalawan and Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Riau from March to May 2016. The study was conducted experimentally using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of 4 treatments (EFB, POME, EFB+POME and without application as control). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. EFB and POME have been applied to the land since 2001 with intervals giving every 6 months. Soil samples were applied EFB, POME, and EFB+POME taken on Blocks B3, Blocks B7 and Blocks C17. Soil samples were taken at a depth of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm for disturbed and undisturbed soil. Parameters measured were soil water content, bulk density, particle density, total pore space, permeability, and soil color. Each parameter of the observed data was statistically analyzed using analysis of variance followed by Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at 5% level,  while the soil color was descriptively analyzed. The results showed that the application of a mixture of EFB+POME increased soil moisture and bulk density decrease significantly and tended to increase the total pore space and permeability and tends to be lower particle density than controls, but it was not evident when compared EFB applications and POME alone. Applications waste processing palm oil mill affected the color of the soil where the soil is black on the application mix EFB+POME (hue: 10 YR, value/chroma: 2/1), brown on the application EFB (hue: 10 YR, value/chroma: 4/3 ), dark brown on the application of POME (hue: 10 YR, value/chroma: 3/3) and yellowish-brown in without application (hue: 10 YR, value/chroma: 5/4).

scholarly journals On soil textural classifications and soil texture-based estimations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín ◽  
Yakov A. Pachepsky ◽  
Carlos García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Texture Representation

Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet 'sand-silt-clay' is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6300 soil samples. Results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the 'sand-silt-sand' and 'very coarse+coarse + medium sand – fine +very fine sand – silt+clay', were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application- and data-specific.

scholarly journals The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Oleszczuk ◽  
Milena Truba
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
East Central ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
East Part ◽  
North East

Abstract The analysis of some physical properties of drained peat-moorsh soil layers. The paper presents the results of measurements of some physical properties for 14 drained fen peat-moorsh layers (degree of decomposition, bulk density, particle density, porosity and saturated moisture content). The soil samples were taken from north- -east, central and east part of Poland. These areas were drained in order to use as a grassland and meadows. The article presents obtained data of selected physical properties from several drained peatlands in Poland and shows the comparison of established results with relevant data published in literature.

scholarly journals Measuring and Estimating Pressure-Saturation Curves on Undisturbed Soil Samples by Using Water and NAPL

2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Makó
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Retention Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
In Series

In order to expand the experimental data set of models describing the movement of organic liquids polluting the soils, a series of experiments was set up in which the fluid retention (pressure- s aturation curves of the soils) were measured using water and NAPL (DUNASOL 180/220, a non aromatic petroleum product). Measurements were carried out on undisturbed soil samples originating from 35 different horizons of 12 characteristic Hungarian soils. The P-S curves with NAPL were determined in series, by a modified pressure cell apparatus - designed and constructed in the laboratory of our department - containing oil-resistant (silicon rubber, Teflon) components.   The applied methodology and the statistical analysis of the measured data are presented. The results show that the commonly used Leverett-type scaling of the water retention data provides inadequate estimation of the NAPL retention in some cases. This deviation may be a direct result of changes in clay volume and soil aggregation when saturation with different fluids was performed.  According to the analysis, however, with the easily measurable soil parameters (bulk density, particle size distribution and humus content) a better estimation of NAPL retention can be given. This estimation method (after extending the database) can be useful for modelling the fate and migration of NAPL or mapping the organic contaminant sensitivity of the soils. 

scholarly journals Spatial Variability Modeling of Soil Erodibility Index in Relation to Some Soil Properties at Field Scale

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gyamfi ◽  
J. M. Ndambuki ◽  
R.W. Salim
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Soil Erodibility ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Variability Modeling

<p class="1Body">Soil erosion is a major land degradation issue affecting various facets of human lives. To curtail soil erosion occurrence requires understanding of soil properties and how they influence soil erosion. To this end, the soil erodibility index which gives an indication of the susceptibility of soils to erosion was examined. In particular, we aimed to determine soil erodibility index at field scale and establish relationships that exist between selected soil properties and soil erodibility index. It was hypothesized that for soil erodibility index to vary spatially, then the existing soil properties should have varying spatial structure. Hundred disturbed and 100 undisturbed soil samples were collected from a 7.3 ha gridded area. The samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, bulk density, particle density, organic matter content and porosity. All soil analyses were conducted following standard procedures. Data were analyzed statistically and geostatistically on the basis of semivariograms. Sandy clay loam was the dominant soil texture in the studied field. Results indicate significant negative relationship between<strong> </strong>sand content, bulk density, particle density and organic matter with soil erodibility index. Silt correlated significantly with a positive relation with soil erodibility. Estimated erodibility for the sampled field ranged from 0.019 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mmto 0.055 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mm. The order of dominance of erodibility ranges were 0.038-0.042 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mm&gt; 0. 036-0.08 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mm&gt; 0.032-0.036 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mm&gt; 0.019-0.032 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mm&gt; 0.042-0.055 t.ha.hr/ha.MJ.mm. Regression analysis revealed silt to be the most significant variable that influences soil erodibility. The best regression of soil properties on soil erodibility index gave an R<sup>2 </sup>of 0.90. A comparison of the regression equation with other studies indicated good performance of the equation developed.</p>

scholarly journals Improvement of Soil Quality Parameters by Municipal Solid Waste Compost Application in Clay-Loam Soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Orhan Yüksel ◽  
Yasemin Kavdır
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost ◽  
Experimental Plots

Organic matter (OM) content of the soils should be improved for sustainable productions. Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) is an organic material used in several countries to improve soil OM contents. This study was conducted to determine potential use of MSWC as soil amendment. Field experiments were conducted for two years with single MSWC treatments. Experiments were conducted on 18 plots in randomized complete blocks design with 3 replications. Six different MSWC doses (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 t ha-1) were applied to experimental plots. Compost doses were calculated in dry weight basis, applied to 21 m2 plots and sunflower was sown as the experimental plant of the study. Following the sunflower harvest, disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from the experimental plots and soil samples were subjected to various analyses. Applied MSWC doses significantly increased soil OM contents, electrical conductivity (EC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), aggregate stability (AS) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat) and reduced soil bulk density (BD). Effects of MSWC on soil pH were not found to be significant. Effects of MSWC treatments were more remarkable with increasing doses. MSWC treatments increased soil OM contents about 3 folds and increased CEC by about 25%. MSWC treatments significantly increased salt contents of the soils. Such increases were found to be significant at 1% level in the first year and 5% level in the second year. Increasing OM contents also increase soil aggregation, thus reduced bulk density and increased hydraulic conductivity. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between OM and AS. Present findings revealed that MSWC positively influenced physical and chemical characteristics of clay-loam soils of arid and arid climates, but salt contents should carefully be monitored in repetitive uses.

scholarly journals On soil textural classifications and soil-texture-based estimations

Solid Earth ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ángel Martín ◽  
Yakov A. Pachepsky ◽  
Carlos García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Medium Sand ◽  
Texture Representation

Abstract. The soil texture representation with the standard textural fraction triplet sand–silt–clay is commonly used to estimate soil properties. The objective of this work was to test the hypothesis that other fraction sizes in the triplets may provide a better representation of soil texture for estimating some soil parameters. We estimated the cumulative particle size distribution and bulk density from an entropy-based representation of the textural triplet with experimental data for 6240 soil samples. The results supported the hypothesis. For example, simulated distributions were not significantly different from the original ones in 25 and 85 % of cases when the sand–silt–clay and very coarse+coarse + medium sand − fine + very fine sand − silt+clay were used, respectively. When the same standard and modified triplets were used to estimate the average bulk density, the coefficients of determination were 0.001 and 0.967, respectively. Overall, the textural triplet selection appears to be application and data specific.

scholarly journals DEGRADASI LAHAN PADA BERBAGAI TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA SUMATERA BARAT

Jurnal Solum ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Syafrimen Yasin ◽  
Herviyanti Herviyanti ◽  
David David
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plantation Crops

A reseach about determination land degradation on several plantation ecosystems in Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra. This research was aimed to study types of perennial crops (trees) which contributes to alleviate land degradation. The work was conducted in Sungai Rumbai Dystrict, Dharmasraya regency and in Soil Science Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty Andalas University. Soil samplings were taken at Ultisols having 0-8% slope (flate-undulating). Land use type being considered was original forest, oil palm, rubber, coffee, and cocoa plantation. Composite soil samples were taken for four replications on 1-20 cm depth. At each sampling site was accompanied by five drilling soils. Then, four undisturbed soil was also sampled at the same depth with disturbed soil samples for determining soil bulk density values. The data collected were analyzed statistically by using analyses of variance, and then continued by using Least Significant Difference (LSD) at 5% level. The result showed that rubber and cacao plantation contributed to better soil ecology value than oil palm and coffee land use. It could be proved from organic carbon (OC) and bulk density (BV) of the soils which were alsmost the same as those from forest land use. Key Words: Land degradation, plantation crops

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Pelet Pupuk Organik Berbahan Slurry Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Sebagai Pupuk Slow Release

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Reni Astuti Widyowanti
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
P Element ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Boiler Ash

The high availability of slurry from palm oil mill effluent, solid, and boiler ash with their nutrient contents make those three materials are potential to be processed become organic fertilizer in the form of pellet so it tends to has slow release characteristic. This research aims to analyize characteristic of organic fertilizer pellet from slurry of palm oil mill effluent as slow release fertilizer by analyzing its physical characteristics, NPK content, and NPK releasing rate in soil.Slurry was processed become solid fertilizer in the form of pellet using pellet mill with tapioca adhesive 5%. Pellet was made from slurry, solid, and boiler ash which were mixed with ratio 1:1:1, 1:2:2, 2:1:1, 2:2:1, 2:1:2, 1:0:0 (only slurry). This research ware analysis of physical characteristis (length, diameter, and density) and analysis of NPK content. N content was analyzed using Kjeldahl method, P content using spectrophotometer, and K content using Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometer (AAS). Then it was continued with analysis of NPK releasing content in latosol soil.The average length of pellets was 31–48 mm, diameter was 5,42 – 6,28 mm, water content was 0,426 – 0,976%, particle density was 1,04 – 1,34 g/cm3, and bulk density 0,49–0,63 g/cm3. Organic fertilizer pellet in six formulas contained N+P2O5+K2O about 5,93–8,08%. The highest content (8,08%) was produced from 1:0:0 pellet, followed by 2:1:2 formula (7,53%), and 1:2:2 formula (7,25%). Until the 10th days, the releasing of N element was about 1,99 – 3,18%, P element was 0,063– 0,075%, and K element was 43,54 – 62,26%.

scholarly journals Ameliorating Plant Available Water by Addition of Treated Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Sludge on Entisols

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Mohd Nizar Khairuddin ◽  
Isharudin Md Isa ◽  
Abd Jamil Zakaria ◽  
Syahrizan Syahlan
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Open Treatment ◽  
Plant Available Water ◽  
Palm Oil Mill ◽  
Polluted Wastewater

Palm oil mill contributed a significant benefit to agro-based industry and social-economic for Malaysia. The treated POME sludge was produced from the open treatment ponds and palm oil mill effluent (POME) without any treatment is considered as a polluted wastewater. This study is to determine the effect of POME sludge on Entisols for plant available water (PAW). The data obtained from this study were selected to measure physicochemical parameters (bulk density, porosity, compaction, organic matter), hydraulic parameter (hydraulic conductivity, hydraulic capacity and water retention) to determine the PAW. The POME sludge from different treatment ponds (control, mixing pond, anaerobic pond, facultative pond, algae pond and dumping pond) was applied to the Zea mays (Hibrimas) as a test crops. The results showed that maize treated with POME sludge from the dumping pond indicated significant difference on soil organic matter, bulk density, porosity, soil compaction and plant available water compared to mixing and anaerobic ponds. As a conclusion, POME sludge from the dumping might improve soil physical properties of Entisols. The dumping pond sludge has significant potential to be used as an organic amendment for plant growth in the future.

Degree of compactness, soil physical properties and yield of soybean in six soils under no-tillage

Soil Research ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. A. S. Suzuki ◽  
J. M. Reichert ◽  
D. J. Reinert
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Uniaxial Compression ◽  
Compression Test ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Uniaxial Compression Test ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Undisturbed Soil

The ‘degree of compactness’ is a useful parameter to study soil compaction and represents the current bulk density in relation to the bulk density of the same soil in a reference state. The objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the best compression stress to establish the reference bulk density in the uniaxial compression test using undisturbed samples; (ii) quantify the effect of texture on degree of compactness, and (iii) evaluate the influence of degree of compactness on selected soil physical properties and crop yield. Six soils under no-tillage from southern Brazil were used and the reference bulk density was evaluated on soil samples equilibrated to the matric suction of 33 kPa and subjected to uniaxial compression test. Soil macroporosity, mechanical penetration resistance, root growth, and yield of soybean were also evaluated. For undisturbed soil samples, stresses ≥800 kPa (particularly the stress of 1600 kPa) are appropriate to determine the reference bulk density. Degree of compactness is independent of clay content and is associated with changes in soil physical properties. A degree of compactness ~100% restricted root growth of soybean, whereas the highest soybean yield was obtained with a DC of 82% for Alfisols and Ultisol, and 85% for Oxisols.

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