scholarly journals A Study of The Design Method and Similitude for A Small-Scale Test Drilling Rig (Part 1): An Application of The Geometrically Distorted Scaled Modeling Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Mejbahul Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Dynamic Testing ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Drilling Rig ◽  
Bond Graph Modeling ◽  
Analytical Tools

Drillstrings often vibrate severely and tend to twist off during hard rock drilling. Therefore, dynamic testing is crucial in the design of drilling systems. Designers tend to employ the most powerful analytical tools, using the most elaborate electronic computers, however, actual testing is required to the designed system function optimally. In cases of enormous drilling systems, complex dynamic tests are often performed on a smaller-scale replica of the system, referred to as the model, which is more convenient, cost-effective, and time-effective. This study, therefore, describes the establishment of similar conditions among structural systems, with the main objective of studying the similitude theory’s applicability in establishing the necessary similar conditions for designing scaled-down models to predict the drillstring’s vibration behavior. The scaling laws for all the relevant parameters regarding the scaled drillstring model, as well as the full-size drillstring system, were derived from the respective equations of motion. The scaling factors for all relevant parameters are determined using the theory of dimensional analysis. In addition, the geometry distorted similitude theory is revisited and employed to overcome the physical limitation and develop the necessary similar conditions for dynamic testing of the scaled drillstring. Meanwhile, the similitude relationship between the prototype and the model was validated with a case study using lumped segments bond graph modeling and simulation software.

Urban pollution control strategy: SBR technology to treat agricultural waste from pig farm in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Lindawati Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pig Farm ◽  
Number Of Customers

Reduction of food rations and shortages is one of the impacts of the increasing human population. Food sector industries then try to cope with the fast growing number of customers. Agribusiness sector gains its popularity in these recent years, including pig farm. The increase trend of animal farming industry is likely to bring increasing pollution problem unless effective treatment methods are used. The main problems related to the pig farm include odor nuisance and pig manure disposal. The existing land application of piggery wastewater is the traditional way to discharge the wastewater. This may yield in land and water contamination, due to the accumulation of unused nutrients by crop plant. A case study of a large commercial pig farm from Australia is proposed to apply in smaller scale in Indonesia. Operational strategies for the small-scale SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) treating piggery effluent were developed based on lab-scale experiments. Due to SBR characteristics, which are money-saving and space-saving, it is very suitable to be applied in urban area. An economic evaluation was made of various process options. The cost estimation showed that SBR is a cost effective process, allowing operational batches to be adjusted to reduce unnecessary aeration cost. A reduction in the aeration cost was achieved by shortening the batch time from 24-h to 8-h. A comparison of three different SBR options showed that smaller size reactors could be more flexible and cost effective when compared with the larger ones.

scholarly journals Fully Automated Cultivation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the StemCellDiscovery—A Robotic Laboratory for Small-Scale, High-Throughput Cell Production Including Deep Learning-Based Confluence Estimation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 575
Author(s):  
Jelena Ochs ◽  
Ferdinand Biermann ◽  
Tobias Piotrowski ◽  
Frederik Erkens ◽  
Bastian Nießing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Production Environment

Laboratory automation is a key driver in biotechnology and an enabler for powerful new technologies and applications. In particular, in the field of personalized therapies, automation in research and production is a prerequisite for achieving cost efficiency and broad availability of tailored treatments. For this reason, we present the StemCellDiscovery, a fully automated robotic laboratory for the cultivation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in small scale and in parallel. While the system can handle different kinds of adherent cells, here, we focus on the cultivation of adipose-derived hMSCs. The StemCellDiscovery provides an in-line visual quality control for automated confluence estimation, which is realized by combining high-speed microscopy with deep learning-based image processing. We demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm to detect hMSCs in culture at different densities and calculate confluences based on the resulting image. Furthermore, we show that the StemCellDiscovery is capable of expanding adipose-derived hMSCs in a fully automated manner using the confluence estimation algorithm. In order to estimate the system capacity under high-throughput conditions, we modeled the production environment in a simulation software. The simulations of the production process indicate that the robotic laboratory is capable of handling more than 95 cell culture plates per day.

scholarly journals Diversity minimization through part combination – a Portuguese railway infrastructure case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Diogo Rechena ◽  
Luís Sousa ◽  
Virgínia Infante ◽  
Elsa Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Product Family ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Sustainable Services ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
Design Diversity ◽  
Requirement Changes

Abstract With increasing market needs for product and service variety, companies struggle to provide diversity in cost-effective ways. Through standardization of components with a low perceived added value, companies can take advantage of economies of scale while maintaining product diversity. Railway infrastructure managers face similar challenges of providing economically sustainable services while dealing with the costs of maintaining the system diversity. Typically, unintended design diversity stems from design practices in which existing solutions are not reused for new problems and new solutions are rarely planned considering the dynamics of requirement changes. In this paper we provide a methodology to assess how to standardize different designs to minimize design diversity and to assess design divergence in a product family. The developed methodology is able to take into account any set of standardization compatibility constraints that the user can define. The methodology was applied in the context of a small-scale railway infrastructure manager using a dataset of 223 unique designs of functionally similar components from its electrification system. Depending on the activated compatibility constraints, results indicate that over 60% of components can be reduced to a set of 86 unique designs.

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Water Mist Fire Suppression for Cooking Fog Discharge Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Zheng Wen Xie
Keyword(s):  
Design Method ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Water Mist ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Droplet Radius ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Injection Angle ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Flow Quantity

FDS simulation software was used to establish the full size lampblack physics model of single wind pipe, using the orthogonal design method design of analog calculation conditions, research in the nozzle pressure, the droplet radius, nozzle, flow quantity and injection angle parameters under different conditions of water mist fire extinguishing effect. Based on a full-scale combustion and water mist fire extinguishing experiment, the water mist fire suppression was observed and test analysis etc, to better understand the flue water mist fire extinguishing feasibility, provides the theory basis for the design of efficient, reliable flue fire extinguishing system.

scholarly journals Co-Design of CVT-Based Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Caiyang Wei ◽  
Theo Hofman ◽  
Esin Ilhan Caarls
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Design Freedom

For an electric vehicle (EV) with a continuously variable transmission (CVT), a novel convex programming (CP)-based co-design method is proposed to minimize the total-cost-of-ownership (TCO). The integration of the electric machine (EM) and the CVT is the primary focus. The optimized system with co-design reduces the TCO by around 5.9% compared to a non-optimized CVT-based EV (based on off-the-shelf components) and by around 2% compared to the EV equipped with a single-speed transmission (SST). By taking advantage of the control and design freedom provided by the CVT, the optimal CVT, EM and battery sizes are found to reduce the system cost. It simultaneously finds the optimal CVT speed ratio and air-flow rate of the cooling system reducing the energy consumption. The strength of co-design is highlighted by comparing to a sequential design, and insights into the design of a low-power EV that is energy-efficient and cost-effective for urban driving are provided. A highly integrated EM-CVT system, which is efficient, low-cost and lightweight, can be expected for future EV applications.

scholarly journals Parametric vibrations of graphene sheets based on the double mode model and the nonlocal elasticity theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Awrejcewicz ◽  
Grzegorz Kudra ◽  
Olga Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Elasticity Theory ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity ◽  
Nonlinear Oscillations ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Nonlocal Elasticity Theory ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Largest Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Graphene Sheets ◽  
Parametric Vibrations

AbstractParametric vibrations of the single-layered graphene sheet (SLGS) are studied in the presented work. The equations of motion govern geometrically nonlinear oscillations. The appearance of small effects is analysed due to the application of the nonlocal elasticity theory. The approach is developed for rectangular simply supported small-scale plate and it employs the Bubnov–Galerkin method with a double mode model, which reduces the problem to investigation of the system of the second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The dynamic behaviour of the micro/nanoplate with varying excitation parameter is analysed to determine the chaotic regimes. As well the influence of small-scale effects to change the nature of vibrations is studied. The bifurcation diagrams, phase plots, Poincaré sections and the largest Lyapunov exponent are constructed and analysed. It is established that the use of nonlocal equations in the dynamic analysis of graphene sheets leads to a significant alteration in the character of oscillations, including the appearance of chaotic attractors.

Preliminary Evaluation of the 24 Ft. Diameter Fan Performance In the MinWaterCSP Large Cooling Systems Test Facility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. van der Spuy ◽  
D. N. J. Els ◽  
L. Tieghi ◽  
G. Delibra ◽  
A. Corsini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Setting Angle

Abstract The MinWaterCSP project was defined with the aim of reducing the cooling system water consumption and auxiliary power consumption of concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. A full-scale, 24 ft (7.315 m) diameter model of the M-fan was subsequently installed in the Min WaterCSP cooling system test facility, located at Stellenbosch University. The test facility was equipped with an in-line torque arm and speed transducer to measure the power transferred to the fan rotor, as well as a set of rotating vane anemometers upstream of the fan rotor to measure the air volume flow rate passing through the fan. The measured results were compared to those obtained on the 1.542 m diameter ISO 5801 test facility using the fan scaling laws. The comparison showed that the fan power values correlated within +/− 7% to those of the small-scale fan, but at a 1° higher blade setting angle for the full-scale fan. To correlate the expected fan static pressure rise, a CFD analysis of the 24 ft (7.315 m) diameter fan installation was performed. The predicted fan static pressure rise values from the CFD analysis were compared to those measured on the 1.542 m ISO test facility, for the same fan. The simulation made use of an actuator disc model to represent the effect of the fan. The results showed that the predicted results for fan static pressure rise of the installed 24 ft (7.315 m) diameter fan correlated closely (smaller than 1% difference) to those of the 1.542 m diameter fan at its design flowrate but, once again, at approximately 1° higher blade setting angle.

scholarly journals Non-Local Buckling Analysis of Functionally Graded Nanoporous Metal Foam Nanoplates

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Zhiyuan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Foam ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Constitutive Relations ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Local Buckling ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Refined Plate Theory ◽  
Nanoporous Metal ◽  
Non Local

In this study, the buckling of functionally graded (FG) nanoporous metal foam nanoplates is investigated by combining the refined plate theory with the non-local elasticity theory. The refined plate theory takes into account transverse shear strains which vary quadratically through the thickness without considering the shear correction factor. Based on Eringen’s non-local differential constitutive relations, the equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s principle. The analytical solutions for the buckling of FG nanoporous metal foam nanoplates are obtained via Navier’s method. Moreover, the effects of porosity distributions, porosity coefficient, small scale parameter, axial compression ratio, mode number, aspect ratio and length-to-thickness ratio on the buckling loads are discussed. In order to verify the validity of present analysis, the analytical results have been compared with other previous studies.

A Study on Small Scale Associated Gas FLNG Utilizing Small Scale LNG Carriers to Near-By Onshore LNG Plant

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. C. Nguyen ◽  
Komla Miheaye ◽  
Mun-gyu Kim ◽  
Howard Newman ◽  
Dong-hoon Yoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
Small Capacity ◽  
Stranded Gas

This study describes a FLNG specifically designed to monetize Associated Gas (AG) of producing oil fields located within convenient distance of an existing LNG Plant or Port with LNG storage facility. Limited production capacity combined with short range small capacity shuttles and limited LNG storage capacity, provide a cost effective means for LNG production. This FLNG is designed to service an existing industry and does not require development of stranded gas discoveries.

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