Varieties and hybrids of red cabbage for re-culture in Uzbekistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
М.М. Адилов ◽  
Б.А. Рустамов ◽  
А.С. Рустамов ◽  
М.Э. Аманова

Проведение исследований по подбору сортов краснокочанной капусты – актуальная научная и практическая проблема для сельского хозяйства Узбекистана. Цель исследований: подбор сортов и гибридов краснокочанной капусты при возделывании ее в качестве повторной культуры в летне-осенний период. Исследования проводили на кафедре овощеводства, бахчеводства и картофелеводства Ташкентского государственного аграрного университета. Полевые опыты закладывали на экспериментальной базе НИИ генетических ресурсов растений, расположенной в Кибрайском районе Ташкентской области. Почвы – типичные сероземы давнего орошения с мощностью гумусового горизонта 0,6–1,0 м. В 2015–2019 годах была изучена коллекция из 24 различных сортообразцов краснокочанной капусты, стандант – гибрид F1Primero. Выделены следующие сортообразцы: F1 Red Dynasty, F1Super red, б/н из Китая, F1 Romanov, F1 Royal. Вместе со стандартом и гибридом F1 Omero, популярным на семенном рынке Узбекистана, они были включены в предварительное сортоиспытание. Было выявлено, что все испытанные сортообразцы по продолжительности вегетационного периода относятся к группе ранних (от посадки до первого сбора 84–92 дня). В конкурсное сортоиспытание были включены вместе со стандартом 4 сортообразца: три наиболее урожайных (б/н из Китая, F1 Ranchero, F1Red Dynasty) и гибрид F1 Omero, отличавшийся высокой завязываемостью и товарностью кочанов. Установлено, что наибольшей облиственностью отличались сортообразцы: F1 Ranchero, б/н из Китая и F1 Red Dynasty, наименьшей – F1 Omero. Лучшей завязываемостью кочанов отличались сортообразцы б/н из Китая и F1Omero, худшей – F1 Red Dynasty. Наиболее крупные кочаны в питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания сформировали F1 Ranchero (1,13 кг) и б/н из Китая (1,12 кг), наиболее мелкие – F1Omero (0,98 кг). В питомнике конкурсного сортоиспытания стандарт по общей и товарной урожайности превзошли сортообразцы F1 Ranchero (42,8 и 34,3 т/га), б/н из Китая (40,3 и 30,8 т/га) и F1Omero (38,2 и 31,7 т/га соответственно). Для возделывания в повторной культуре рекомендуется использовать гибрид F1 Ranchero и сортообразец б/н из Китая. Conducting research on the selection of varieties of red cabbage is an actual scientific and practical problem for the agriculture of Uzbekistan. The purpose of the research: selection of varieties and hybrids of red cabbage in the cultivation of its repeated culture in the summer-autumn period. The research was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Growing, Melon Growing and Potato Growing of the Tashkent State Agrarian University. Field experiments were conducted at the experimental base of the Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, located in Kibraisk district, Tashkent region. The soils are typical grey desert soil of long-standing irrigation with a humus layer thickness of 0.6–1.0 m. In 2015–2019, a collection of 24 different cultivars of red cabbage, a standant hybrid F1 Primero, was studied. The following varieties are distinguished: F1 Red Dynasty, F1 Super red, untitled from China, F1 Romanov, F1 Royal. Together with the standard and the F1 Omero hybrid, which is popular in the seed market of Uzbekistan, they were included in the preliminary variety testing. It was revealed that all the varieties tested in it belong to the group of early varieties according to the duration of the growing season (from planting to the first harvest, 84–92 days). In the competitive variety testing, 4 varieties were included together with the standard: the three most productive (untitled from China, F1 Ranchero, F1 Red Dynasty) and the F1Omero hybrid, which was characterized by high tying and marketability of heads. It was found that the most leafy varieties were: F1 Ranchero, untitled from China and F1 Red Dynasty, the least – F1Omero. The best knotting of the heads was distinguished by untitled cultivars from China and F1 Omero, the worst – F1 Red Dynasty. The largest heads in the nursery of the competitive variety test were formed by F1 Ranchero (1.13 kg) and untitled from China (1.12 kg), the smallest – F1 Omero (0.98 kg). In the nursery of competitive variety testing, the standard for total and commercial yield was surpassed by the varieties F1 Ranchero (42.8 and 34.3 t/ha), untitled from China (40.3 and 30.8 t/ha) and F1 Omero (38.2 and 31.7 t/ha, respectively). For cultivation in repeated culture, it is recommended to use the F1 Ranchero hybrid and the untitled variety from China.

Author(s):  
I.V. TORBINA ◽  
◽  
I.R. FARDEYEVA ◽  

The paper assesses the promising varieties of winter wheat in a competitive variety test by the main economic and biological characteristics that determine the suitability of the variety for commercial use. The object of research was the authors’ own breeding material. The experiments on the selection of winter wheat were made in the experimental crop rotation pattern of the Institute.


2018 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 04040
Author(s):  
Zaven Ter-Martirosyan ◽  
Ivan Luzin

The article presents the results of a comprehensive research of the dynamic impacts on a modified base. The modified base was obtained as a result of compensatory injection at the experimental site for the accident recovery at the hydraulic engineering structure. The complex study of the dynamic impacts includes special laboratory tests to determine the soil parameters, the finite element analysis of the experimental site, taking into account the dynamic properties, the selection of the necessary equipment for field experiments based on the numerical solution results, a full-scale experiment with the measurement of the foundation sediments of the experimental site.


2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-209
Author(s):  
Valter C de Andrade Júnior ◽  
Amanda G Guimarães ◽  
Tiago D Firme ◽  
Aline Aparecida A Costa ◽  
Márcia Regina da Costa ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Correlations and path analysis between characteristics can aid the selection of important attributes in breeding programs. Thus, the objective of this work was to perform genotypic, phenotypic correlations and path analysis under commercial yield of garlic bulbs, depending on morphological and agronomic variables. The experiment was carried out in 2017 at the Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri and Universidade Federal de Lavras, using ten garlic genotypes, eight trials and two commercial cultivars, Caçador and Jonas. We evaluated: plant height; number of leaves, total bulb number; total bulb mass, total bulb yield, marketable bulb yield and number of cloves per bulb. The genotypic and phenotypic correlations were positive and significant between marketable yield of bulbs with bulb mass, total yield and number of cloves per bulb, indicating that selection based on these characteristics will help increase the yield of garlic. However, only the number of cloves per bulb had a direct effect and a relevant indirect effect on the marketable yield of garlic.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (157) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
V. Zhvan ◽  
V. Donenko ◽  
S. Kulish ◽  
A. Taran

The article is devoted to the effective analysis of trench and trenchless pipeline laying technologies. In the course of the work, an analytical review of pipeline assembly was performed, the main technological parameters, the scope of each method, and their advantages and disadvantages were determined. List of considered pipeline laying methods: trenching, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic puncture, microtunneling and punching. The article analyzes the classical trench method and the most widely used trenchless ones: horizontal directional drilling; mechanical puncture; hydraulic puncture; microtunneling; punching. Each of these methods has several advantages and disadvantages. The choice of the optimal method of laying the pipeline depends on many factors: the physical and mechanical properties of soils and hydrogeological conditions, the length and diameter of the pipeline, the presence of other communications, buildings and structures, as well as the budget that customers have. Work time is the last deciding factor. Based on the results of the analysis of pipeline laying technologies and expert survey of construction industry experts, the cost table of each method was compiled, outlining the main characteristics of the technology: length of pipeline, speed of work, scope, cost, and the advantages and disadvantages of each of the considered methods. The conclusions about the use of each of the pipeline laying methods were made. Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, so to choose the method of work it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive assessment of technological parameters, cost, scope and timing of work. The cost of lay-ing the pipeline consists of the following factors: conducting research; selection of diameter and determination of pipeline length; choice of laying method and equipment necessary for the works; selection of equipment, shut-off and control equipment and other materials arranged on the pipeline; terms of performance of works. Taking into account these factors, an estimate is made, which determines the cost of installation of a particular pipeline. After the analysis, we can conclude that among the methods of trenchless laying of pipelines can be identi-fied horizontally directional drilling, it is this method of laying the pipeline will be appropriate to use for our region. The drilling technique allows to carry out pipelines under obstacles, to pull long segments of networks, to repair site damage. This method is universal and can be used in almost any environment. Keywords: trenches, horizontal directional drilling, mechanical puncture, hydraulic piercing, microtunnelling, punching, pipeline.


Author(s):  
L.A. Yusupova ◽  
L.M. Sokolova ◽  
A.V. Kornev ◽  
A.N. Khovrin

Представлены результаты испытаний образцов моркови столовой в условиях Московской и Ростовской областей. Цель исследований – провести сортоиспытание моркови столовой в двух эколого-географических зонах и выявить различия по отдельным качественным и количественным признакам. Исследования проведены в 2017-2018 годах. Метеорологические условия 2017-2018 годов в Московской области (МО) складывались неблагоприятно для развития моркови в фазу «вилочки» и начала формирования корнеплодов. В Ростовской области жаркая и сухая погода в июле-августе отрицательно влияла на рост развитие корнеплодов. Материалом для исследований служили 3 сорта и 3 гибрида моркови столовой отечественной селекции: Корсар, Шантенэ королевская, Нанте, F1 Таврида, F1 Поиск 32, F1 Поиск 41. Полевые опыты были заложены согласно общепринятым методикам. Образцы значительно отличались по длине корнеплода: корнеплоды, выращенные в Ростовской области, имели большую длину, чем в Московской области, за исключением сорта Шантенэ королевская (11,9 и 13,2 см соответственно) и гибрида F1 Поиск 32 (18,4 и 15,8 см соответственно), у которых наблюдали обратную тенденцию. По урожайности сорта и гибриды, полученные в МО, значительно превосходили аналогичные образцы, выращенные в Ростовской области. На юге в течение двух лет испытаний лучше всех показал себя сорт Шантенэ королевская (55,0 и 54,9 т/га). В Московской области наибольшую урожайность показывал сорт Шантенэ королевская (75,0 и 69,5 т/га соответственно), гибриды F1 Поиск 32 (73,2 и 69,0 т/га), F1 Поиск 41 (69,0 и 64,7 т/га). Распространение листовых болезней в условиях Московской и Ростовской областей сводилось к тому, что в 2018 году по сравнению с 2017 годом образцы были более устойчивы, кроме гибридов F1 Таврида и F1 Поиск 41.The results of testing samples of carrots in the conditions of Moscow and Rostov regions are presented. The purpose of the research is to carry out a variety testing of carrots in two ecological-geographical zones and to identify differences in individual qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Research conducted in 2017-2018. The meteorological conditions of 2017–2018 in the Moscow Region (MO) were unfavorable for the development of carrots in the “fork” phase and the beginning of the formation of roots. In the Rostov region, hot and dry weather in July and August negatively influenced the growth of the development of roots. The material for research was 3 varieties and 3 carrot hybrids of the domestic breeding: Corsar, Shantene korolevskaya, Nante, F1 Tavrida, F1 Poisk 32, F1 Poisk 41. Field experiments were established according to generally accepted methods. The samples differed significantly in the length of the roots: roots grown in the Rostov region had a greater length than in the Moscow region, with the exception of the Shantene korolevskaya variety (11.9 and 13.2 cm, respectively) and the hybrid F1 (18.4 and 15.8 cm, respectively), which observed the opposite trend. In terms of yield, the varieties and hybrids obtained in the MO were significantly superior to similar samples grown in the Rostov region. In the south, during two years of testing, the Shantene korolevskaya variety (55.0 and 54.9 t/ha) performed best of all. In the Moscow region, the highest yield was shown by the variety Shantene korolevskaya (75.0 and 69.5 t/ha, respectively), hybrids F1 (73.2 and 69.0 t ha), F1 Poisk 41 (69.0 and 64. 7 t/ha). The spread of leaf diseases in the conditions of Moscow and Rostov regions was reduced to the fact that in 2018 compared to 2017, the samples were more stable, except for the F1 Tavrida and F1 Poisk 41.


Author(s):  
V.M. Lukomets ◽  
◽  
S.V. Zelentsov ◽  
E.V. Moshnenko ◽  
◽  
...  

Breeding practice shows that soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods are submitted for the state variety testing in the F10–F11 generation. But the newly bred cultivars are not completely homozygous. The studies were related to the determination of the frequencies of formation of atypical and suitable for selection promising individuals in soybean cultivars developed by synthetic breeding methods. The studies were carried out in 2019–2020 at the central experimental base of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. In the experiments, we used cultivars of our own breeding: Selena, Puma, Vita, Irbis, Bars, Barguzin and Sayana with a total age of 11–15 years from the year F1 hybrids were obtained. To confirm the practical possibility of isolating individuals differing from the phenotypic varietal norm in varietal populations, a complete examination of the crops of all studied soybean cultivars was carried out. In the fields of all cultivars, individuals were identified that differed from the varietal norm phenotypically. Mostly, the isolated individuals were distinguished by an increased plant height, a more powerful habit, an increased number of beans per plant, and resistance to lodging. The facts of the detection of atypical individuals with improved morphological traits in soybean cultivars of different ages confirm the possibility of individual selection of plants in varietal populations based on morphometric traits. The statistical dynamics of a decrease in heterozygous individuals in increasing generations in a hybrid self-pollinating population in terms of the number of paired genes, by which the parental forms can hypothetically differ, were calculated using the modified formula of S. Borojević (1984). It was found that the frequency of formation of phenotypically different individuals in varietal populations of soybeans depends on the total age of the cultivar. The frequency of the formation of morphologically different individuals decreases with an increase in the number of generations of the cultivar. Individual selection of individuals with positive phenotypic differences from the varietal norm can be recommended as an additional source of promising and practically homozygous starting material for accelerated analytical breeding of soybean.


2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 01022
Author(s):  
Valentina Rubets ◽  
Irina Voronchikhina ◽  
Vladimir Pylnev ◽  
Viktor Voronchikhin

Creation of new varieties of winter hexaploid triticale for the central part of Russia is characterized by increased resistance of grain to germination on the root. The phenomenon of germination on the root is one of the limiting traits that limit the spread of triticale culture in areas of excessive moisture, which is the Central Region of the Non-Chernozem zone. The work was carried out at the Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev in 2018-2019. Field experiments were conducted in the fields of the Field Experimental and Breeding Stations. Laboratory tests were carried out at the Department of Genetics, Breeding and Seed Production. As a result of a comprehensive assessment of breeding varieties in the preliminary variety testing, the most valuable sample of winter triticale 228h (Castus x Don) was isolated, which formed a yield at the standard level, and during 3 years of study showed relatively high resistance to pre-harvest germination of grain in the ear. This sample is currently being intensively propagated for transfer to the State Variety Testing in 2020.


2021 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Eric Markley ◽  
◽  
David Q. Le ◽  
Peter Germonpré ◽  
Costantino Balestra ◽  
...  

Venous gas emboli (VGE) are often quantified as a marker of decompression stress on echocardiograms. Bubble-counting has been proposed as an easy to learn method, but remains time-consuming, rendering large dataset analysis impractical. Computer automation of VGE counting following this method has therefore been suggested as a means to eliminate rater bias and save time. A necessary step for this automation relies on the selection of a frame during late ventricular diastole (LVD) for each cardiac cycle of the recording. Since electrocardiograms (ECG) are not always recorded in field experiments, here we propose a fully automated method for LVD frame selection based on regional intensity minimization. The algorithm is tested on 20 previously acquired echocardiography recordings (from the original bubble-counting publication), half of which were acquired at rest (Rest) and the other half after leg flexions (Flex). From the 7,140 frames analyzed, sensitivity was found to be 0.913 [95% CI: 0.875-0.940] and specificity 0.997 [95% CI: 0.996-0.998]. The method’s performance is also compared to that of random chance selection and found to perform significantly better (p<0.0001). No trend in algorithm performance was found with respect to VGE counts, and no significant difference was found between Flex and Rest (p>0.05). In conclusion, full automation of LVD frame selection for the purpose of bubble counting in post-dive echocardiography has been established with excellent accuracy, although we caution that high quality acquisitions remain paramount in retaining high reliability.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline N. Lanei ◽  
Misha Teplitskiy ◽  
Gary Gray ◽  
Hardeep Ranu ◽  
Michael Menietti ◽  
...  

The evaluation and selection of novel projects lies at the heart of scientific and technological innovation, and yet there are persistent concerns about bias, such as conservatism. This paper investigates the role that the format of evaluation, specifically information sharing among expert evaluators, plays in generating conservative decisions. We executed two field experiments in two separate grant-funding opportunities at a leading research university, mobilizing 369 evaluators from seven universities to evaluate 97 projects, resulting in 761 proposal-evaluation pairs and more than $250,000 in awards. We exogenously varied the relative valence (positive and negative) of others’ scores and measured how exposures to higher and lower scores affect the focal evaluator’s propensity to change their initial score. We found causal evidence of a negativity bias, where evaluators lower their scores by more points after seeing scores more critical than their own rather than raise them after seeing more favorable scores. Qualitative coding of the evaluators’ justifications for score changes reveals that exposures to lower scores were associated with greater attention to uncovering weaknesses, whereas exposures to neutral or higher scores were associated with increased emphasis on nonevaluation criteria, such as confidence in one’s judgment. The greater power of negative information suggests that information sharing among expert evaluators can lead to more conservative allocation decisions that favor protecting against failure rather than maximizing success. This paper was accepted by Alfonso Gambardella, business strategy.


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