scholarly journals CHRONOLOGY OF THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF MARAGHEH CITY BASED ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION AND HISTORICAL WRITTEN SOURCES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Саттарнеджад ◽  
С. Пaрвин ◽  
Э. Хендиани
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
The Status ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Written Sources

Расположенный на северо-западе Ирана Мераге – один из самых значимых для исследования исламского периода в Иране городов. Он неоднократно упоминается в различных исторических источниках, чаще всего в качестве столицы Азербайджанского государства. Однако информация о его истории и происхождении очень ограничена из-за отсутствия археологических свидетельств. Лишь немногие историко-археологические исследования в целом касались состояния, формирования и последовательности его исторических периодов. В данной статье представлены результаты новых археологических раскопок и исследований, целью которых главным образом является попытка дать детальную хронологию заселения центральной части города на основе подробной стратиграфии культурных материалов разных исторических эпох и сопоставления их с историческими событиями. Результаты, полученные при археологических исследованиях исторического контекста города, свидетельствуют, что люди начали селиться в этой части города с самого начала возникновения ислама. Maragheh, located in the northwestern geographical area of Iran, is one of the important areas in the studies of Islamic period of Iran. The name of the city has been mentioned many times in various historical sources and is most often referred to as the seat of the Azerbaijani state. But information on its history and background is very limited, because it has been so far neglected from an archeological point of view. Only few historical and archeological studies have generally addressed the status of formation and sequence of its historical periods. This article presents the results of new archaeological excavations and study, the purpose of this research is mainly attempted to provide a detailed chronology of the status of residence and settlement in the central part of the city by presenting a detailed stratigraphy of cultural materials of different historical eras and adapting them to historical events. The results, obtained in archaeological studies of the historical context of the city, show that the settlement in this part of the city has been started without interruption since the beginning of Islam.

scholarly journals EARLY STAGES OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE KASHKADARYA OASIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (07) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Nilufar Rajabova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Written Sources

The article analyzes the first stages of studying the archaeological sites of the Kashkadarya oasis from a historical point of view. Beginning in the 18th century, Europeans began to record information about the Kashkadarya oasis. Their main focus is on highlighting the lifestyle of the population, as well as information on historical monuments. In particular, in memoirs, reports and brochures, A. Burns, N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Maev, V. Krestovsky, B. Litvinov, D. Logofet, A. Validov, I. Kastane, L. Zimin, you can get a lot of information on this topic. Despite this, the first studies were mostly brief. Most importantly, the attention of architects and art critics is focused on the history of architectural structures in Shakhrisabz, built during the reign of Amir Temur and the Temurids. However, attempts to shed light on the history of the cities of Karshi and Shakhrisabz based on written sources consisted in a collection of the first archaeological observations, historical artifacts and manuscripts. Noteworthy is the information written by N. Khannykov, V.V. Bartold, N. Mayev. Subsequent studies also made extensive use of their memoirs. B. Litvinov's information about the Kashkadarya oasis was supplemented by his drawings. According to Logofet, the history of the city of Shakhrisabz is emphasized, and archaeological excavations show that its history goes back two thousand years. Logofet pays great attention to the medieval history of Karshi, cites various historical sources. It is important for I.Kastana and L.Zimin to describe the archaeological monuments preserved in the vicinity of Karshi from the point of view of that period and compare them on the basis of ancient and medieval written sources.

scholarly journals THE CHT2 PROJECT: DIACHRONIC 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF HISTORIC SITES

2017 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W5 ◽  
pp. 309-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guidi ◽  
L. Micoli ◽  
S. Gonizzi Barsanti ◽  
U. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Current State ◽  
Digital Modelling ◽  
Joint Programming ◽  
Ancient Maps ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

Digital modelling archaeological and architectural monuments in their current state and in their presumed past aspect has been recognized not only as a way for explaining to the public the genesis of a historical site, but also as an effective tool for research. The search for historical sources, their proper analysis and interdisciplinary relationship between technological disciplines and the humanities are fundamental for obtaining reliable hypothetical reconstructions. This paper presents an experimental activity defined by the project Cultural Heritage Through Time &amp;ndash; CHT2 (<a href="http://cht2-project.eu"target="_blank">http://cht2-project.eu</a>), funded in the framework of the Joint Programming Initiative on Cultural Heritage (JPI-CH) of the European Commission. Its goal is to develop time-varying 3D products, from landscape to architectural scale, deals with the implementation of the methodology on one of the case studies: the late Roman circus of Milan, built in the era when the city was the capital of the Western Roman Empire (286-402 A.D). The work presented here covers one of the cases in which the physical evidences have now been almost entirely disappeared. The diachronic reconstruction is based on a proper mix of quantitative data originated by 3D surveys at present time, and historical sources like ancient maps, drawings, archaeological reports, archaeological restrictions decrees and old photographs. Such heterogeneous sources have been first georeferenced and then properly integrated according to the methodology defined in the framework of the CHT2 project, to hypothesize a reliable reconstruction of the area in different historical periods.

scholarly journals Study and Classification of Tombstones of the Safavid Period (Ardabil City)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-92
Author(s):  
Maryam Samari ◽  
Reza Rezalou
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Periods

Ardabil, now known as one of the provinces of the country, has been one of the oldest and ancient cities in various historical periods, including Islam. This province comes to the end of the majesty and power during the reign of Safavid. Tombstone is among the heritage of the past that reflects culture and civilization. The existence of a tombstone on the tombs of Islamic period has always been observed in all parts of Iran. Though this issue exists in most cultures, it has always been considered by Muslims as an indicator of burial in the culture of the Islamic era and of Iran. The purpose of this research is to identify and study tombstone in the relevant area during the Safavid period. According to the results, the status of Shia religion can be clearly seen in all the tombstones of the Safavid period of Ardabil. In fact, it can be said that the combination of art and belief has caused the tombs of stone to be of particular importance and variety, and the line drawn on them represents the beliefs and cultures, as well as the scope of the literature of this region. Most of the designs include Islamic designs, flowers and leaves, animal designs and Quranic verses. The method used in this study is based on field study

scholarly journals Cherchell: An Algerian Mediterranean Historical City with a Rich Islamic Heritage Housing

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Abdelkader BEHIRI ◽  
Naima Chabbi-Chemrouk
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Area ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Residential Architecture ◽  
Architectural Elements ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Heritage Buildings ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The City

<p class="Keywords">Islamic residential architecture has some common architectural and architectonic elements issued from shared values such as privacy, simplicity and sobriety. Applied to residential architecture, these values led to some characteristic spaces and architectural elements such as patios or arcs. However, the Islamic civilisation is composed by different cultures spread on a great geographical area; this variety induced different interpretations of these elements by using different building shapes or materials. In this paper, we will present an example of this interpretation in the historical coastal city of Cherchell in northern Algeria. The city of Cherchell is a historic coastal city that witnessed the passage of several civilizations before the arrival of the Islamic one since its founding more than 2500 years ago. This specific situation as historical coastal city allowed the exchange with different civilizations around the Mediterranean Sea, giving rise in the Islamic period to a typical earth architecture characterised by a specific arch’s typology. The objective of this article is to present an interpretation of Islamic heritage housing architecture in a Mediterranean historical coastal city (through two specific elements: building material and architectonic element). The long term aim of this study is the dissemination of traditional technics and know-how in order restore cultural heritage buildings and construct new projects with a strong Islamic identity.</p>

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic City: Historical Context for New Urban Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Veaceslav MIR
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

Cities have been almost completely unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban history has known many epidemics and pandemics, and there are clear historical parallels between the 13th and 19th century plague pandemics and cholera epidemics and the 21th century COVID-19 pandemic, from an administrative point of view. However, the cities’ public administration did not take into account the experience of the cities of the past to be prepared for the future problems. This requires developing flexible pandemic strategies and focusing on the decentralization of urban space through an even distribution of population in the urban environment. The COVID-19 pandemic will change the city, as previous pandemics and epidemics did. Urbanism v.3.0. will emerge, combining a green vector of development and digital technologies to ensure the autonomy and sustainability of buildings, districts and cities. At the same time, the role of culture will increase, which will become an effective tool for consolidating the soft power of the city in order to attract new people as the opposition of nowadays trend for living in the countryside.

Topography of Rome

Classics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve D'Ambra
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Latin Literature ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Physical Setting ◽  
Tiber River ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Written Sources

Roman topography is the study of the city of Rome, its monuments, buildings, and open spaces in their physical setting on the seven hills besides the Tiber River. The ancient written sources of Latin literature and history, as well as the corpus of inscriptions and coins, provide evidence for the physical structure of the city and the urban plan. Archaeological excavations, often spurred on by political interventions (as during the Napoleonic era, the Risorgimento of the later 19th century, the Fascist imperial revival in the 1930s, and the Vatican’s Jubilee celebrations in 2000), brought structures to light that confirmed, complemented, or complicated the testimony of the ancient texts. Archaeological fieldwork continues to revise our views of the city of Rome.

scholarly journals Srebrni zidni svijećnjaci cara Leopolda I. u franjevačkom samostanu na Trsatu

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Mateja Jerman
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Roman Emperor ◽  
The City ◽  
Written Sources

The aim of this paper is to publish and place in an art-historical context two silver wall candelabra with busts of classical antique figures surrounded by intertwined stylized acanthus leaves. The candelabra are kept in the Franciscan convent of Trsat. They were last documented in a photo-documentary campaign by Artur Schneider during the 1930s, and in 1974 they were added to the culturalheritage list as part of the convent's inventory. It is a very valuable set of silver wall candelabra, donated to the Franciscan convent of Trsat in 1693 by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I Habsburg (1658-1705). The author refers to the written sources confirming the commission of the candelabra and analyses the evolution of their peculiar typology. In their design and iconographic programme, judging by the various analogies and graphic models, they corresponded to the production of Augsburg goldsmiths. This hypothesis is supported by the hallmark of the city of Augsburg and another one indicating goldsmith Antoni Grill I, documented in that art centre in the period from 1668-1700.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Formation and Change of Urban-Spatial Organization in Ahar City of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Ahad Ebrahimi ◽  
Bagher Asl
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

Ahar is name of a historical city located in northwest of Iran. The existing documents and historical writings along with some inscriptions, architectural and archeological monuments within the city and its suburbs all indicate the historic antiquity of this city. From the pre-Islamic period, little information is available about Ahar. Some sites such as the Jame mosque of Seljuk period and Sheik Shahab Aldin Ahary’s complex indicate that it was a developed city in the Islamic period. The aim of this investigation is the identification of the factors affecting on the urban evolution process in different historical periods. The spatial organization of Ahar has been developed within the Islamic period, but the hypothesis of research is the indications of pre-Islamic period are in the present-day location of it. The question of research is: what were the components affecting the formation and development of the spatial-urban organization of Ahar? This investigation is a basic research which utilizes the descriptive-analytic method based on the analysis of historical documents’ contents. The necessary information has been obtained through library and field studies. The research results show the following: the formation of Ahar dates back to the pre-Islamic period. Based on some historical documents and narratives, the location of the initial core of the city is considered to have been in the vicinity of the historical graveyard of the city; and since the reign of Islam, the city has developed around the core, yet at some periods of time in the course of history, the city has undergone locational changes and has developed toward the northern and western grounds.

scholarly journals City and intelligentsia during the XIX-XX centuries. (historiographic aspect)

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
G. Z. Sultangazy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The City

The formation and development of the intelligence as a political and creative force could not exist without the influence of the urban environment. The integration of Kazakh intellectuals into the urban space has led to qualitative changes in such aspects as city, intelligence, and its behavioral patterns. The study of the factors of influence of urban space on the development of social groups and institutions, namely on the qualitative characteristics of the national intelligentsia, the processes of their adaptation to the urban environment is an important task of the humanities, including the historical one. Modern Kazakhstani historiography is in the paradigm of assimilating the results of European and Russian urban history. This article will highlight the historiographic situation in this direction from the point of view of the development of urban issues. The article attempts to analyze the phenomenon the mutual influence of the city and the Kazakh intelligentsia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries by the principles of historiographic generalization. The city, being a multifunctional space where ideas and innovations are generated, changes not only the landscape, but also the world perception in general. The activities of the national intelligentsia are associated not only with creativity, but primarily with public activity, and determined the development of Kazakhstan in conceptual framework. Today, Kazakhstani historiography is represented by separate studies on the history of the city, intelligentsia, Cossacks, and merchants. At the same time, there are not enough research papers that would consider the population of Kazakhstan and the city as a single complex body, which is in permanent interaction and mutual influence, focusing on the history of everyday life. One of the methods of this study was the historical and genetic one, which allows us to consider the problems in its development and identify patterns. The use of the historicalcomparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstani historiography. A comprehensive study of the urban environment in the historical context allows us to understand the nature of the changes in which society and the state existed, as well as the motives and aspirations of Kazakh intellectuals. One of the results was the identification of common patterns of Soviet and Kazakh historiography, where the city and the intelligentsia are the objects of research and are not considered in close connection and mutual influence. The designated problems did not receive due attention from researchers of both the Soviet and modern periods.

scholarly journals Toponym Klimata in the Medieval Crimea

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Aibabin
Keyword(s):  
Entire Period ◽  
The South ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The City ◽  
Archaeological Excavations ◽  
Written Sources

Introduction. In Byzantine historical and hagiographic texts of the 9th–10th centuries reporting on events that took place in Crimea, the Klimata were repeatedly mentioned (τ κλίματα is a plural number of τὸ κλίμα – klimata). Κλίμα in Greek means a district in a city or part of a province. Methods. For justifying the boundaries of the Klimata, it is necessary to analyze all references to the toponym in written sources and materials of archaeological excavations in the South-Western Crimea. Analysis. During the entire period of its existence, the Klimata (archontitai) did not have autonomy. In the 7th century Cherson and Klimata were a Byzantine border province. Since the early 8th century until 841 Mountain Crimea belonged to the Khazars. Kagan united the Klimata (archontitai) of Cherson to the province of Gothia with its capital in Doros. Kagan retained the previous administration and appointed archon Klima Doras as the ruler of Gothia (Klimata). Kagan subordinated to him the archons of other fortresses and entrusted to him the collection of tribute. From 841 to the third quarter of the 11th c., the Klimata of Gothia were included into the theme of Cherson. Seals of the Turmarch of Gothia of the end of the 10th – the early 11th centuries prove the creation the Turma of Gothia within the theme of Cherson, which was ruled by a Byzantine officer-turmarch. In 1204, the province submitted to Trebizond. Results. In written sources, the toponym Klimata called only the region neighboring Cherson with the fortresses of the neighbouring peoples of the city “castris gentium ibidem adjacentium” (the Goths and the Alans). In the 7th century the Klimata of Cherson were localized on the territory of the country of Dori. In the 8th – the first half (?) of the 13th centuries Gothia or the Klimata of Gothia were put there.

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