scholarly journals City and intelligentsia during the XIX-XX centuries. (historiographic aspect)

2021 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-119
Author(s):  
G. Z. Sultangazy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Creative Force ◽  
History Of ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Urban Issues ◽  
The City

The formation and development of the intelligence as a political and creative force could not exist without the influence of the urban environment. The integration of Kazakh intellectuals into the urban space has led to qualitative changes in such aspects as city, intelligence, and its behavioral patterns. The study of the factors of influence of urban space on the development of social groups and institutions, namely on the qualitative characteristics of the national intelligentsia, the processes of their adaptation to the urban environment is an important task of the humanities, including the historical one. Modern Kazakhstani historiography is in the paradigm of assimilating the results of European and Russian urban history. This article will highlight the historiographic situation in this direction from the point of view of the development of urban issues. The article attempts to analyze the phenomenon the mutual influence of the city and the Kazakh intelligentsia at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries by the principles of historiographic generalization. The city, being a multifunctional space where ideas and innovations are generated, changes not only the landscape, but also the world perception in general. The activities of the national intelligentsia are associated not only with creativity, but primarily with public activity, and determined the development of Kazakhstan in conceptual framework. Today, Kazakhstani historiography is represented by separate studies on the history of the city, intelligentsia, Cossacks, and merchants. At the same time, there are not enough research papers that would consider the population of Kazakhstan and the city as a single complex body, which is in permanent interaction and mutual influence, focusing on the history of everyday life. One of the methods of this study was the historical and genetic one, which allows us to consider the problems in its development and identify patterns. The use of the historicalcomparative method revealed differences in the development of Kazakhstani historiography. A comprehensive study of the urban environment in the historical context allows us to understand the nature of the changes in which society and the state existed, as well as the motives and aspirations of Kazakh intellectuals. One of the results was the identification of common patterns of Soviet and Kazakh historiography, where the city and the intelligentsia are the objects of research and are not considered in close connection and mutual influence. The designated problems did not receive due attention from researchers of both the Soviet and modern periods.

scholarly journals URBAN STUDIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THEORIES OF VISUAL PRACTICES

2017 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
A. M. Tormakhova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Monumental Architecture ◽  
The City

One of the leading trends in contemporary cultural studies is the appealto the field of visual. Thepurpose of the article is to investigate the range of problems associated withthe existence, functioning of various visual practices in the urban space and the disclosure of the specifics of communication carried out through their intermediation. In urban space, there are many forms, such as monumental architecture, urban sculpture, outdoor illumination, landscape art, street art, graffiti and others. These artifacts are the subject of cultural research within different disciplines - aesthetics, cultural studies, design, and art. It may be noted that in recentdecades, significant development gets such a direction as Urban Studies, in which the focus of research serves the city. The methodology of the study includes an appeal to an interdisciplinary approach that relies on the achievements of practical cultural studies, Urban studies,and aesthetics theory by Ukrainian and Western authors. Scientific novelty consists in analyzing the connection ofactual visual practices presented in the urban space and forming of Internet activity, which facilitates the mutual influence of these spheres one on another. The author noted that urban space is gradually becoming not only interactive, but also fully assuming the characteristics of WEB 2.0, which means active rethinking and transforming the environment, urban residents involvement in decision-making that becomes a norm of everyday life. City is a kind of text that reflects changing tastes, politicaland economic factors in visualform. Town and city public spaces play an important role in shaping the interaction within society. One of the pressing problems of practical cultural studies in general and urban areas in particular, should be integrated into organization of the urban environment and design the image of the city. The practical significance lies in the fact that the results of the research can beused in developing the urban sphere in particular and in actualizing the issue of organizing the urban environment and constructing the image of the city.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Perception of Kazan Through the Prism of the Tatar Gastronomic Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-297
Author(s):  
Elena L. Iakovleva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Careful Handling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stable Association ◽  
National Cuisine ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Levels

The relevance of the research topic is due to the interest in urban space and its cultural and symbolic meaning. The city, perceived as a text, helps in interpreting to understand its specifics and represent it at different levels, which increases, among other things, its tourist attractiveness. The purpose of the study is to analyze the metaphor of Kazan-a woman through the prism of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars. Materials and Methods of Research. The methodological basis of the research consists of the cosmosophical ideas of G. D. Gachev, as well as the books of K. F. Fuchs, K. Nasyri, F. Ibragimova, S. Lutfullina, in which there are characteristics of the gastronomic culture of the Tatars. In the original metaphor, analyzed from the point of view of G. D. Gachev’s cosmosophy, where Kazan represents the Cosmos, and a woman represents Psyche, a missing link is found – the Logos. It is this link that, while remaining an open structure, accommodates various spheres of manifestation of the national mind in the field of culture and art, which helps to identify the feminine qualities of the city when interpreting the metaphor. Results. A stable association associated with Kazan is its Tatar national cuisine. This is no coincidence. The very history of the city according to some extant legends and legends is associated with the cauldron, which is a mandatory attribute of the cuisine. Despite the primacy of the man in the family, the mistress of the kitchen is a woman. It is on her that a huge number of duties are assigned to prepare food and create a spiritual atmosphere during the meal. Gastronomic culture, acting as a Logo, allows us to identify such qualities of Kazan, interpreted as an image of a woman-hostess, as hospitality, cordiality, respect, sensitivity, creativity, rationalism, skillful and careful handling of products. Discussion and conclusion. Clarification of the meaning of the Kazan-woman metaphor requires further study. At the same time, other spheres of culture and various texts of art can act as Logos.

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic City: Historical Context for New Urban Design

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-108
Author(s):  
Veaceslav MIR
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The City

Cities have been almost completely unprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban history has known many epidemics and pandemics, and there are clear historical parallels between the 13th and 19th century plague pandemics and cholera epidemics and the 21th century COVID-19 pandemic, from an administrative point of view. However, the cities’ public administration did not take into account the experience of the cities of the past to be prepared for the future problems. This requires developing flexible pandemic strategies and focusing on the decentralization of urban space through an even distribution of population in the urban environment. The COVID-19 pandemic will change the city, as previous pandemics and epidemics did. Urbanism v.3.0. will emerge, combining a green vector of development and digital technologies to ensure the autonomy and sustainability of buildings, districts and cities. At the same time, the role of culture will increase, which will become an effective tool for consolidating the soft power of the city in order to attract new people as the opposition of nowadays trend for living in the countryside.

scholarly journals Features of the conceptual approach of contemporary Ukrainian artists in the genre of urban landscape

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Andriy Bludov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Creative Person ◽  
The City

The article examines the features of the perception of the urban environment as a specific phe- nomenon. The article considers the artistic works of a group of contemporary Ukrainian artists P. Makov, A. Sai, L. Dzhuraev, A. Priduvalov in the genre of urban landscape from the point of view of a conceptual approach, which allows us to understand the general direction of development of this type of genre. The works of contemporary Ukrainian artists reflect how a modern city creates an endless combination of connections between different aspects of life and the corresponding various forms and impressions. The article analyzes the works that the authors demonstrated as their reflections on changes in the urban environment in special creative projects. The urban environment causes a creative person to strive to convey his atmosphere, images, rhythms in his own language. For centuries, artists have depicted the urban space, but it was in the twentieth century that the transformation of the urban environment into an urban one contributed to the fact that the city became a source of special inspiration for subsequent times. The theme of urbanism is specific in the work of contemporary Ukrainian artists, where the very phenomenon of the city is the basis of creative inspiration. The aim of this work is to study the conceptual and programmatic works of contemporary Ukrainian artists to reveal the theme of urbanism in painting and the main trends in displaying the city as a concept in the work of artists.

scholarly journals The urboecological factors of Kharkiv Urban space (1654 – 1785)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

This article is devoted to the significant topic, however, unfortunately, still remains outside the field of the view of researchers - the history of the green space of the Kharkiv city. Using sources of the late XVII - late XVIII century an attempt is made to analyze the anthropogenic pressure on the territory of the city and determine the limit of the population that could live on it. The article is written on the basis of the actor-network theory, which calls to analyze the influence of human and natural actors as symmetrical. This approach allowed us to analyze the collected material from the point of view of the idea of ​​co-evolution of the city and the natural environment. The author analyzed the main urban ecological actors and proved that most of the environmental problems were pestering the inhabitants of the city in the 19th century. Nevertheless, they were unknown in the previous century. The residents' need for water supply was fully provided thanks to the well system; they existed in almost every yard, and Kharkiv rivers were also full-flowing. A sufficient number of trees protected the city from dust. However, with the development of the city, including through the drainage of significant areas and their subsequent development, the city was exposed to the devastating consequences of the deterioration of its natural condition. All this could have been avoided, as if the officials responsible for the improvement were competent in this matter. Thus, the article calls for further research on the history of green spaces of the city with the aim of formulating the principles of co-evolution of green and man-made spaces.

THEODOR FISCHER: PLAN AND BUILDING REGULATIONS MUNICH 1904

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-18
Author(s):  
Vasily Filippov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Expansion Plan ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The issues of preserving the urban planning heritage of Russian cities and the proposed methods of its preservation are discussed. The study of the morphology of Russian cities is presented as an example of a scientific approach to the description of the urban environment as a possible object for conservation. The history of the expansion plan and urban planning regulations for Munich, created by Theodor Fischer and based on the task of the morphology of urban space, adopted in 1904 and current for 75 years, regardless of the government in Germany, is described. The plan and regulations became the basis for the development of the city, its restoration after World War II and the preservation of its urban environment.

ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL AND SPATIAL MARKETING IN THE FORMATION OF THE CITY ENVIRONMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Е. В. Хорохова
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
City Environment ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
The City

Постановка задачи. Необходимо выявить элементы архитектурно-пространственного маркетинга при проектировании городской среды для решения проблемы формирования комфортного городского пространства. Данная необходимость связано с потребностью реализации стратегии пространственного развития России и выполнения приоритетного федерального проекта «Формирование комфортной городской среды». Повышение качества городской среды на сегодняшний день является важным условием для социально-экономического развития городов и улучшения жизни граждан. Результаты. Выявляется грань между рыночным и социальным приоритетом маркетинга при проектировании средовых объектов. Рассмотрены примеры из истории архитектуры и градостроительства некоторых зарубежных городов, в формировании которых отмечается действие элементов архитектурно-пространственного маркетинга. Отмечены некоторые российские города, которые стали использовать средства маркетинга для своего развития. Выявлена связь между рассмотренными городами. Выводы. Отмечается, что применение элементов архитектурно-пространственного маркетинга необходимо для создания комфортной среды городов, а также для составления обновленных концепций развития городской среды. Statement of the problem. It is necessary to identify the elements of architectural and spatial marketing in the design of the urban environment to solve the problem of creating a comfortable urban space. This is associated with the need to implement the strategy of spatial development of Russia and the implementation of the priority federal project “Formation of a Comfortable Urban Environment”. Improving the quality of the urban environment today is important for the socio-economic development of cities and improving the lives of citizens. Results. The borderline between the market and social marketing priority in the design of environmental objects is identified. Examples from the history of architecture and urban planning of some foreign cities are considered, during the formation of which the presence of architectural and spatial marketing elements is noted. Some Russian cities that started using marketing tools for their development are noted. The connection between the considered cities is revealed. Conclusions. It is established that the use of architectural and spatial marketing elements is necessary for designing a comfortable urban environment as well as for drawing up updated concepts for the development of the urban environment.

scholarly journals SGRAFFITO «SOVIET TATARIA» AS A URBAN RETROTEXT: IS IT POSSIBLE TO RETHINKING?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 98-103
Author(s):  
Z.Kh. Sergeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Urban Discourse ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Thaw Period ◽  
The City

The modern urban space is overflowing with a variety of texts. From a sociological point of view, the opportunity to read and interpret urban texts is becoming very promising. Try to answer the question about the intentions of the authors of the texts, about the languages that the city text uses and what the city text can tell about us, about our time and the environment in which we live. In this article, the author considers sgraffito as one of the forms of manifestation of the urban text. As a specific case for a detailed analysis, a sgraffito with a double name «Soviet Tataria» or «Kazan – the capital of Tataria» was chosen. This choice seems to be interesting and relevant for several reasons. First, this sgraffito was created in 1967, during the «post-thaw» period – the interval between the second thaw of the early 1960-s and the stagnation of the 1970-s. Secondly, in the 1970s-1980-s it played the role of a significant symbol representing the Soviet image of the city of Kazan and the Republic of Tatarstan as a whole. Third, at the beginning of 2000-s, in the era of dismantling and rethinking the Soviet past, a discussion arose about the fate of Soviet monumental painting in a new historical context. Sgraffito «Soviet Tataria» was preserved and restored, but received a new name «Kazan – the capital of Tataria». At present, there is a gradual ousting of the texts of the Soviet era from urban discourse spaces. In Kazan, Soviet urban texts are being replaced by texts focused on traditional values, ethno-national and ethnoreligious content, as well as a variety of texts that are usually defined as street art, graffiti, etc. The state's monopoly on control and authorship in the creation of urban texts has been called into question.

Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machado
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Traditional Elite ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

This book analyses the physical, social, and cultural history of Rome in late antiquity. Between AD 270 and 535, the former capital of the Roman empire experienced a series of dramatic transformations in its size, appearance, political standing, and identity, as emperors moved to other cities and the Christian church slowly became its dominating institution. Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome provides a new picture of these developments, focusing on the extraordinary role played by members of the traditional elite, the senatorial aristocracy, in the redefinition of the city, its institutions, and spaces. During this period, Roman senators and their families became increasingly involved in the management of the city and its population, in building works, and in the performance of secular and religious ceremonies and rituals. As this study shows, for approximately three hundred years the houses of the Roman elite competed with imperial palaces and churches in shaping the political map and the social life of the city. Making use of modern theories of urban space, the book considers a vast array of archaeological, literary, and epigraphic documents to show how the former centre of the Mediterranean world was progressively redefined and controlled by its own elite.

Historiography of one city: colonialism, colonization, frontir. On the historiography of the history of functioning of the fortress city of the left wing of the Caucasian cordon line on the example of the history of Kizlyar in the first half of the 19th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (12-3) ◽  
pp. 250-258
Author(s):  
Mahomed Gasanov ◽  
Abidat Gazieva
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the analysis of the historiography of the history of the city of Kizlyar. This issue is considered in the historical context of the Eastern Caucasus. The author analyzes the three main theoretical concepts of the problem concerning Russia’s policy in the region, using the example of the city of Kizlyar in the context of historiography.

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