Productivity of pastures of Western Kazakhstan as affected by the method they are used

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Б.Н. Насиев
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Systems Management ◽  
Agropyron Desertorum ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Western Kazakhstan ◽  
Grazing System ◽  
Festuca Valesiaca

Деградация земель стала глобальной проблемой в высокоразвитых индустриальных странах и странах с низким уровнем дохода. Решение проблемы деградации пастбищ может привести к снижению бедности населения и повышению уровня связывания углерода на пастбищах. Процесс управления пастбищными ресурсами Западного Казахстана усложняется из-за ухудшения растительного покрова с проявлением процессов деградации и опустынивания в результате бессистемного выпаса скота. В статье представлены результаты изучения организации сезонных пастбищ посредством использования отгонного участка с целью сохранения показателей фитомассы и повышения эффективности использования пастбищ. Исследования проводились в условиях пастбищных угодий крестьянского хозяйства «Мирас» в полупустынной зоне Западного Казахстана. Исследования позволили доказать эффективность сезонной организации пастбищного хозяйства с использованием отгонного участка. В летний период на сезонных пастбищах отмечено увеличение численности и встречаемости ценных пастбищных растений Kochia prostrata, Agropyron desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Leymus ramosus, Koeleria cristata. На отгонном участке песчаных пастбищ установлены 23 вида растений разных хозяйственно-ботанических групп, благодаря природным условиям песков в фитоценозе встречаемость ценных растений в кормовом отношении высокая. К середине лета на участке сезонного и отгонного пастбища, несмотря на выпадение из состава растительности представителей разнотравья и высыхание злаков, урожайность зелёной фитомассы составила 0,81–1,03 т/га, что больше по сравнению с участком использования бессистемного выпаса на 0,43–0,64 т/га. В этой работе сделан вывод, что для повышения эффективности управления пастбищными ресурсами важно использовать сезонные пастбища с включением в пастбищеоборот отгонного участка, в чём и заключается научная новизна исследований. Land degradation is a serious problem worldwide. Improvement of soil fertility is able to increase a life quality in many countries and carbon sequestration in grassland systems. Management of pasture resources in Western Kazakhstan is getting harder due to the deterioration of plant cover, soil degradation and desertification as a result of unsystematic grazing. This article reports on seasonal pastures used as distant pastures in order to maintain phytomass properties and optimize grazing system. The research was conducted at the farm “Miras” in the semi-desert of Western Kazakhstan. This investigation proved the effectiveness of seasonal distant pastures. In summer valuable plant species such as Kochia prostrata, Agropyron desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Leymus ramosus, Koeleria cristata often occur on seasonal pastures. 23 plant species of different economic and botanical groups have been observed on sandy soil of distant pastures. Due to the natural growth conditions the occurrence of valuable plants was high in phytocenoses. By the middle of summer, the yield of green mass amounted to 0.81–1.03 t ha-1 at seasonal pastures regardless of the loss of some plant species. This was 0.43–0.64 t ha-1 higher than in the area of unsystematic grazing. To optimize pasture resources’ management seasonal distant areas are of great value.

MOSAICITY OF THE VEGETATION COVER OF THE KOCHUBEY BIOSPHERE STATION PASTURES

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-42
Author(s):  
М. А. Babaeva ◽  
S. V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Fodder Plants ◽  
Falcaria Vulgaris

The regularities of changes in the resistance of different groups of fodder plants to adverse conditions were studied. This is due to the physiological properties that allow them to overcome the harmful effects of the environment. As a result of research species - plant groups with great adaptive potential to the harsh continental semi-desert conditions were identified. Monitoring observation and experimental studies showed too thin vegetation cover as a mosaic, consisting of perennial xerophytic herbs and semishrubs, sod grasses, saltwort and wormwood, as well as ephemera and ephemeroids under the same environmental conditions, depending on various climatic and anthropogenic factors. This is due to the inability or instability of plant species to aggressive living environment. It results in horizontal heterogeneity of the grass stand, division into smaller structures, and mosaic in the vegetation cover of the Kochubey biosphere station. The relative resistance to moderate stress was identified in the following species from fodder plants Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum, Festuca valesiaca, Cynodon dactylon, Avena fatua; as for strong increasing their abundance these are poorly eaten plant species Artemisia taurica, Atriplex tatarica, Falcaria vulgaris, Veronica arvensis, Arabidopsis thaliana and other. On the site with an increasing pressure in the herbage of phytocenoses the number of xerophytes of ruderal species increases and the spatial structure of the vegetation cover is simplified. In plant communities indigenous species are replaced by adventive plant species. The mosaic of the plant cover of phytocenoses arises due to the uneven distribution in the space of environmental formation, i.e. an edificatory: Salsola orientalis, S. dendroides, Avena fatua, Cynodon dactylon, Artemisia taurica, A. lercheanum, Xanthium spinosum, Carex pachystyli, under which the remaining components of the community adapt. Based on the phytocenotic indicators of pasture phytocenoses it can be concluded that the vegetation cover is in the stage of ecological stress and a decrease in the share of fodder crops and an increase in the number of herbs indicates this fact.

scholarly journals Why and How to Make Plant Conservation Ecosystem-Based

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hamilton ◽  
Shengji Pei ◽  
Huyin Huai ◽  
Seona Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Plant Conservation ◽  
The State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Training Programmes ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable

Compared to other groups of organisms, plants require distinctive approaches in their conservation because of their keystone roles in ecosystems and economies. The state of the whole plant cover of the Earth should be of concern to conservationists – for its capacity to ensure the survival of plant species, deliver ecosystem services (locally to globally) and provide produce from plants in ecologically sustainable ways. The primary targets of attention in ecosystem-based plant conservation are the relationships between people and plants, as relevant to every locality, rather than the species-centric approach of conventional plant conservation. Moving plant conservation to an ecosystem-based approach will require the development of training programmes for field practitioners and of information systems for their use.

scholarly journals Relationships of NDVI, Biomass, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) for six key plant species in Barrow, Alaska

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santonu Goswami ◽  
John Gamon ◽  
Sergio Vargas ◽  
Craig Tweedie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Biomass Plant

Here we investigate relationships between NDVI, Biomass, and Leaf Area Index (LAI) for six key plant species near Barrow, Alaska. We explore how key plant species differ in biomass, leaf area index (LAI) and how can vegetation spectral indices be used to estimate biomass and LAI for key plant species. A vegetation index (VI) or a spectral vegetation index (SVI) is a quantitative predictor of plant biomass or vegetative vigor, usually formed from combinations of several spectral bands, whose values are added, divided, or multiplied in order to yield a single value that indicates the amount or vigor of vegetation. For six key plant species, NDVI was strongly correlated with biomass (R2 = 0.83) and LAI (R2 = 0.70) but showed evidence of saturation above a biomass of 100 g/m2 and an LAI of 2 m2/m2. Extrapolation of a biomass-plant cover model to a multi-decadal time series of plant cover observations suggested that Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum angustifolium decreased in biomass while Arctophila fulva and Dupontia fisheri increased 1972-2008.

Decreased photosynthetic efficiency in plant species exposed to multiple airborne pollutants along the Russian-Norwegian border

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Marie Odasz-Albrigtsen ◽  
Hans Tømmervik ◽  
Patrick Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Airborne Pollutants ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Study Sites

Photosynthetic efficiency was estimated by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements (Fv/Fm) in 11 plant species growing along a steep gradient of airborne pollution along the Russian-Norwegian border (70°N, 30°E). Photosynthetic efficiency was positively correlated with environmental variables including annual temperature and a maritime gradient and was negatively correlated with the airborne concentrations of Cu, Ni, and SO2 from the Cu-Ni smelters. Photosynthetic efficiency in six plant species from the mixed forest, but not pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), and three species from the birch forest was inversely correlated with SO2 and the concentrations of Ni and Cu in lichens. Measurement of fluorescence in these species was a sensitive indicator of pollutant impact. Plant cover at the 16 study sites and the photosynthetic efficiency of five target species correlated with normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values. This study demonstrated that it is possible to detect relations among field-measured ecophysiological responses in plants, levels of airborne pollutants, and satellite remote-sensed data.Key words: chlorophyll fluorescence, smelters, sulfur dioxide, nickel, copper, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI).

Impacts of erosion control treatments on native vegetation recovery after severe wildfire in the Eastern Cascades, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich K. Dodson ◽  
David W. Peterson ◽  
Richy J. Harrod
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Native Plant

Slope stabilisation treatments like mulching and seeding are used to increase soil cover and reduce runoff and erosion following severe wildfires, but may also retard native vegetation recovery. We evaluated the effects of seeding and fertilisation on the cover and richness of native and exotic plants and on individual plant species following the 2004 Pot Peak wildfire in Washington State, USA. We applied four seeding and three fertilisation treatments to experimental plots at eight burned sites in spring 2005 and surveyed vegetation during the first two growing seasons after fire. Seeding significantly reduced native non-seeded species richness and cover by the second year. Fertilisation increased native plant cover in both years, but did not affect plant species richness. Seeding and fertilisation significantly increased exotic cover, especially when applied in combination. However, exotic cover and richness were low and treatment effects were greatest in the first year. Seeding suppressed several native plant species, especially disturbance-adapted forbs. Fertilisation, in contrast, favoured several native understorey plant species but reduced tree regeneration. Seeding, even with native species, appears to interfere with the natural recovery of native vegetation whereas fertilisation increases total plant cover, primarily by facilitating native vegetation recovery.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical survey on plants used in the treatment of candidiasis in traditional markets of southern Benin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brice Armand Fanou ◽  
Jean Robert Klotoe ◽  
Lauris Fah ◽  
Victorien Dougnon ◽  
Charles Hornel Koudokpon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Medicinal Plant Species ◽  
Ethnobotanical Survey ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Southern Benin

Abstract Background Candidiasis, an opportunistic cosmopolitan disease is nowadays like bacterial infections which is a real public health problem. In view of the emergence of Candida strains resistant to existing antifungal agents, alternative solutions should be considered. This is the purpose of this ethnobotanical survey, which aims to identify the medicinal plant species traditionally used to treat candidiasis in traditional markets of southern Benin. Methods The study was performed from October 2015 to January 2018 in the traditional markets of Southern-Benin. Data were collected by two complementary methods: triplet purchase of medicinal recipes (ATRM) from herbalists markets and semi-structured interview (ISS) from traditional healers. Results A total of 109 species of medicinal plants belonging to 44 families have been listed and identified. The most frequently cited species were Pteleopsis suberosa Engl. & Diels, Lantana camara L., Cyanthillium cinereum (L.) H. Rob, Ocimum gratissimum L. and Lippia multiflora Moldenke with respectively 43.84, 39.73 and 34.25% citation frequencies for the last three species respectively. Leguminosae (20.18%), Euphorbiaceae (5.50%) and Apocynaceae (5.50%) were the most represented botanical families. Leafy stems were more used than other plant organs. The decoction and the oral route were the most appropriate methods of preparation and administration reported by traditional healers. Conclusion Benin’s plant cover is made up of a wide variety of medicinal plant species used in the traditionnal treatment of candidiasis and which may constitute new sources of medicines to be developed.

scholarly journals Extrazonal steppes of forest belt on eastern macroslope of the Urals

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 00043
Author(s):  
Natalya Zolotareva ◽  
Andrey Korolyuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
South Urals ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Rare Endemic ◽  
Coenotic Diversity

Extrazonal steppes of forest belt on eastern macroslope of the Middle and South Urals have small coenotic diversity. The most part of studied communities are petrophytic steppes on outcrops, which determine regional features of plant cover and provide habitats to rare, endemic and relict plant species. Petrophytic steppes correspond to order Helictotricho- Stipetalia, meadow steppes and xeric meadows, shrub thickets correspond to order Brachypodietalia pinnati (class Festuco-Brometea).

After the fence: vegetation and topsoil condition in grazed, fenced and benchmark eucalypt woodlands of fragmented agricultural landscapes

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Prober ◽  
Rachel J. Standish ◽  
Georg Wiehl
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Species Composition ◽  
Exotic Plant ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Plant Richness

Emerging ecological theory predicts that vegetation changes caused by introduction of livestock grazing may be irreversible after livestock are removed, especially in regions such as Australia that have a short evolutionary exposure to ungulate grazing. Despite this, fencing to exclude livestock grazing is the major tool used to restore vegetation in Australian agricultural landscapes. To characterise site-scale benefits and limitations of livestock exclusion for enhancing biodiversity in forb-rich York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba Benth. subsp. loxophleba)–jam (Acacia acuminata Benth.) woodlands, we compared 29 fenced woodlands with 29 adjacent grazed woodlands and 11 little-grazed ‘benchmark’ woodlands in the Western Australian wheatbelt. We explored the following two hypotheses: (1) fencing to exclude livestock facilitates recovery of grazed woodlands towards benchmark conditions, and (2) without additional interventions after fencing, complete recovery of grazed woodlands to benchmark conditions is constrained by ecological or other limits. Our first hypothesis was supported for vegetation parameters, with fenced woodlands being more similar to benchmark woodlands in tree recruitment, exotic plant cover, native plant cover, native plant richness and plant species composition than were grazed woodlands. Further, exotic cover decreased and frequency of jam increased with time-since-fencing (2–22 years). However, we found no evidence that fencing led to decline in topsoil nutrient concentrations towards concentrations at benchmark sites. Our second hypothesis was also supported, with higher topsoil nutrient concentrations and exotic plant cover, and lower native plant richness in fenced than in benchmark woodlands, and different plant species composition between fenced and benchmark woodlands. Regression analyses suggested that recovery of native species richness is constrained by exotic species that persist after fencing, which in turn are more persistent at higher topsoil nutrient concentrations. We conclude that fencing to exclude livestock grazing can be valuable for biodiversity conservation. However, consistent with ecological theory, additional interventions are likely to be necessary to achieve some conservation goals or to promote recovery at nutrient-enriched sites.

Impact of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus on the growth and nutrition of fifteen crop and pasture plant species

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binh T. T. Tran ◽  
Stephanie J. Watts-Williams ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Allium Ampeloprasum ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation ◽  
Pasture Plant ◽  
Diverse Plant Species

The formation of arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM) can result in positive, neutral or negative responses in the growth and mineral nutrition of host plants, particularly that of P, Zn and other micronutrients. This study examined the growth and nutritional responses of 15 agriculturally important plant species, including cereals, legumes and vegetables, with and without inoculation with the AM fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus irregularis. Furthermore, we explored whether the responses differed between different functional groups of plants such as monocots and dicots, C3 and C4 plants, and N-fixing and non-N-fixing plants. We found that that mycorrhizal colonisation of roots, plant growth and plant nutrient responses differed between plant species. Among the species analysed, leek (Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum) was the most mycorrhiza-responsive, displaying the highest mycorrhizal colonisation and biomass response, and the greatest increases in most mineral nutrients. In other plant species, the concentration of P, Cu, Zn and S were generally enhanced by inoculation with AMF. Furthermore, ionomes differed more greatly between plant species than in response to inoculation with AMF. This research further improves our understanding of the responses of different and diverse plant species to the formation of AM in terms of growth and ionomics under standardised growth conditions. The results of this study may be used in further studies and to inform agricultural practices.

scholarly journals Open Plant Phenotype Database of Common Weeds in Denmark

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Leminen Madsen ◽  
Solvejg Kopp Mathiassen ◽  
Mads Dyrmann ◽  
Morten Stigaard Laursen ◽  
Laura-Carlota Paz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Plant Phenotype ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Future Work

For decades, significant effort has been put into the development of plant detection and classification algorithms. However, it has been difficult to compare the performance of the different algorithms, due to the lack of a common testbed, such as a public available annotated reference dataset. In this paper, we present the Open Plant Phenotype Database (OPPD), a public dataset for plant detection and plant classification. The dataset contains 7590 RGB images of 47 plant species. Each species is cultivated under three different growth conditions, to provide a high degree of diversity in terms of visual appearance. The images are collected at the semifield area at Aarhus University, Research Centre Flakkebjerg, Denmark, using a customized data acquisition platform that provides well-illuminated images with a ground resolution of ∼6.6 px mm − 1 . All images are annotated with plant species using the EPPO encoding system, bounding box annotations for detection and extraction of individual plants, applied growth conditions and time passed since seeding. Additionally, the individual plants have been tracked temporally and given unique IDs. The dataset is accompanied by two experiments for: (1) plant instance detection and (2) plant species classification. The experiments introduce evaluation metrics and methods for the two tasks and provide baselines for future work on the data.

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