THE ROLE OF RESEARCH PRACTICES IN OVERCOMING THE “COGNITIVE GAP” THAT OCCURS IN THE COMPETENCE MODEL OF STUDENTS' LEARNING

Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Shikhova
Author(s):  
Oksana Babiuk ◽  

The article identifies the structure of translator’s professional competence, grounds its model and suggests the ways of its implementation. The following sub-competences necessary to be acquired by future translators have been identified and analyzed with the aim of providing best training: linguistic competence, intercultural competence, subject (thematic) competence, instrumental competence, psychophysiological competence, interpersonal competence, strategic competence, self-reflection competence. The role of the subject (thematic) competence for specialized translation is analyzed. The ways of the translator’s professional competence model implementation are highlighted.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remi van Trijp

AbstractOne of the most salient hallmarks of construction grammar is its approach to argument structure and coercion: rather than positing many different verb senses in the lexicon, the same lexical construction may freely interact with multiple argument structure constructions. This view has however been criticized from within the construction grammar movement for leading to overgeneration. This paper argues that this criticism falls flat for two reasons: (1) lexicalism, which is the alternative solution proposed by the critics, has already been proven to overgenerate itself, and (2) the argument of overgeneration becomes void if grammar is implemented as a problem-solving model rather than as a generative competence model; a claim that the paper substantiates through a computational operationalization of argument structure and coercion in Fluid Construction Grammar. The paper thus shows that the current debate on argument structure is hiding a much more fundamental rift between practitioners of construction grammar that touches upon the role of grammar itself.


2020 ◽  
pp. 146879412097597
Author(s):  
Nicole Vitellone ◽  
Michael Mair ◽  
Ciara Kierans

In a number of linked articles and monographs over the last decade (e.g. Love, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017), literary scholar and critic Heather Love has called for a descriptive (re)turn in the humanities, repeatedly taking up examples of descriptive methods in the social sciences as exemplifying what that (re)turn might look like and achieve. Those of us working as sociologists, anthropologists, science and technology studies scholars and researchers in allied social science fields thus find ourselves reflected back in Love’s work, encountering our own research practices in an unfamiliar light through it. In a period where our established methods and analytical priorities are subject to challenges on many fronts from within our own disciplines, it is hard not be struck by Love’s provocative invocation of the social sciences as interlocutors and see in it an invitation to contribute to the debate she has sought to initiate by revisiting our own approaches to the problem of description. Inspired by Love’s intervention, the eight papers that form this Special Issue demonstrate that by re-engaging with description we stand to learn a great deal. While the articles themselves are topically distinct and geographically varied, they are all based on empirical research and written to facilitate a reorientation to the role of description in our research practices. What exactly is going on when we describe an ancient papyrus as present or missing, a machine as intelligent, noise as music, a disease as undiagnosable, a death as good or bad, deserved or undeserved, care as appropriate or inappropriate, policies as failing or effective? As the papers show, these are important questions to ask. By asking them, we find ourselves in positions to better understand what goes into ‘indexing and making visible forms of material and social reality’ (Love, 2013: 412) as well as what is involved, more troublingly, in erasing, making invisible and dematerialising those realities or even, indeed, in uncovering those erasures and the means by which they were effected. As this special issue underlines, thinking with Love by thinking with descriptions is a rewarding exercise precisely because it opens these matters up to view. We hope others take up Love’s invitation to re-engage with description for that very reason.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 910-926
Author(s):  
Rosie Nelson

This article explores the role of reflexivity, emotion work and insider/outsider researcher status in one queer researcher’s experiences of conducting fieldwork. Through exploring field diaries and interview extracts, this article highlights the impact of being/researching LGBT+ identities as a queer researcher. Five experiences are discussed: (i) the euphoria of connection, (ii) relationships with participants, (iii) retraumatisation through listening, (iv) finding oneself on the outside and (v) the researcher’s shifting identity. The article concludes with suggestions on the impact studying one’s own identity can have on the researcher, and suggestions for engaging in similar research practices.


2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mark Gruppetta ◽  
Maria Mallia

Clinical reasoning is an extensive and intricate field, dealing with the process of thinking and decision making in practice. Its study can be quite challenging because it is context and task dependent. Educational frameworks such as the conscious competence model and the dual process reasoning model have been developed to help its understanding. To enhance the learning of clinical reasoning, there are significant areas that can be targeted through learning processes. These include knowledge adequacy; ability to gather appropriate patient data; use of proper reasoning strategies to address specific clinical questions; and the ability to reflect and evaluate on decisions taken, together with the role of the wider practice community and the activity of professional socialisation. This article explores the characteristics of clinical reasoning and delves deeper into the various strategies that prove useful for learning.


Author(s):  
Tobias Kollmann ◽  
Matthias Häsel

This chapter articulates the knowledge and skills required by IT professionals in young Internet-based firms. Building on the general IT governance principle of aligning business and IT, it introduces an adequate competence model, outlines its dimensions, and suggests a framework for modeling the effects of factors internal and external to the firm on the value propositions of the different dimensions. The authors hope that a comprehensive understanding of the role of IT-related competence will assist founders not only in finding suitable partners, but also in aligning e-business strategy and information technology in Internet-based ventures.


2009 ◽  
pp. 1905-1919
Author(s):  
Tobias Kollmann ◽  
Matthias Häsel

This chapter articulates the knowledge and skills required by IT professionals in young Internet-based firms. Building on the general IT governance principle of aligning business and IT, it introduces an adequate competence model, outlines its dimensions, and suggests a framework for modeling the effects of factors internal and external to the firm on the value propositions of the different dimensions. The authors hope that a comprehensive understanding of the role of ITrelated competence will assist founders not only in finding suitable partners, but also in aligning e-business strategy and information technology in Internet-based ventures.


2010 ◽  
pp. 1551-1565
Author(s):  
Tobias Kollmann ◽  
Matthias Häsel

This chapter articulates the knowledge and skills required by IT professionals in young Internet-based firms. Building on the general IT governance principle of aligning business and IT, it introduces an adequate competence model, outlines its dimensions, and suggests a framework for modeling the effects of factors internal and external to the firm on the value propositions of the different dimensions. The authors hope that a comprehensive understanding of the role of IT-related competence will assist founders not only in finding suitable partners, but also in aligning e-business strategy and information technology in Internet-based ventures.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-360
Author(s):  
Christian Linder ◽  
Siavash Farahbakhsh

ABSTRACTDespite the extensive literature on what questionable research practices (QRPs) are and how to measure them, the normative underpinnings of such practices have remained less explored. QRPs often fall into a grey area of justifiable and unjustifiable practices. Where to precisely draw the line between such practices challenges individual scholars and this harms science. We investigate QRPs from a normative perspective using the theory of communicative action. We highlight the role of the collective in assessing individual behaviours. Our contribution is a framework that allows identification of when particular actions cross over from acceptable to unacceptable practice. Thus, this article provides grounds for developing scientific standards to raise the quality of scientific research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Yurii G. Stezhko

The article highlights the performance and features of the application of information and educational technologies, the embodiment of which presents education at the level of a strategic resource for social and economic development. The role of computerization of educational technologies in the era of modernity and postmodern is being compared; the boundaries of effective application of formalization of reality in algorithms are outlined. The thought of the conditionality of information content by specifics of computer representation, the requirements of logical verification is carried out. It is said that the absolute domination in the era of modernism in the educational information technology of formal-logical rationality has had a detrimental effect on the humanistic component of social intelligence. Postmodernist imperatives encourage methodologists of information provision of education to recognize a wide range of types of rationality, in the content of which great importance is the weakening of logical correction in favor of strengthening the irrational component, subjectivity as creativity. It is postulated that it is inappropriate to determine the evaluation models of information on which the educational process is based, based only on the classical rationality in marking the truth and its criteria. The educational process in the competence model is oriented towards pragmatism and is therefore characterized by methodological pluralism, where any methodology can become the leading one depending on the didactic purpose, and the forms and methods of cognition are chosen situationally, based on the parity of the rational and irrational components of knowledge. Postmodern intellectualism has grown on the diversity of forms of comprehension of reality, on the syncretism of computer and human intelligence in educational technologies. It is noted that every civilizational transformation causes a reassessment of the semantic priorities of information, the relativization of forms of cognition, rethinking the criteria for assessing the level of socio-intelligence. At present, the prospect of innovative development of education is seen in the modernization of methodological culture and the very way of thinking of educators. Education should evolve ahead of civilization challenges.


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