Impact of multiple sclerosis on the occupational status in developing countries. An experience in Argentina

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Steinberg ◽  
Maria C. Curbelo ◽  
Daniel Politis
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Occupational Status

scholarly journals Organising household consumption and occupational proportions

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 748-772
Author(s):  
Tolu Olarewaju
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Quantile Regressions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Better Than

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the occupational status and entrepreneurship research in developing countries by proposing that there are implications for household consumption depending on the occupational status proportion of households. When the occupational proportion of the household changes, household consumption is affected. This effect also changes depending on what quantile level the household is in terms of household consumption. Design/methodology/approach The paper makes use of OLS and quantile regressions to examine 6,919 households comprising 40,294 individuals from the 2009 Nigerian Living standards measurement survey. Findings The paper finds that there are implications for household consumption based on the proportion of individuals in each occupational category. The contributions of each employment proportion changes at different quantiles with self-employed individuals increasing household consumption at the lower quantiles but reducing household consumption at the upper quantiles. Crucially, having a higher proportion of unemployed individuals in the household is oftentimes better than having a higher proportion of own account self-employed individuals. Research limitations/implications This paper offers new insights into how occupation proportion influences household consumption in developing countries. As a result, the household could seek to organise its members in such a way as to maximise combined household consumption, as diverse occupational statuses contribute differently to the household consumption at different quantile levels. The nature of the data used in this study however does not allow for causality tests. Practical implications The proportion of employment statuses in the household has implications for household consumption and so the mix of employment in the household is important. The self-employed could also be involved in activities to enhance household consumption that are not captured by labour income. However, self-employment does not seem to always have a positive effect on household consumption and sometimes unemployment might be better. Originality/value The paper provides a new way to view the household as an organising entity in terms of how it can allocate employment proportions to maximise household consumption.

Patient characteristics and determinants of quality of life in an international population with multiple sclerosis: Assessment using the MusiQoL and SF-36 questionnaires

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1238-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Fernández ◽  
Karine Baumstarck-Barrau ◽  
Marie-Claude Simeoni ◽  
Pascal Auquier ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Mental Component Summary Score ◽  
International Study ◽  
Summary Score ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Edss Score

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) can have psychological and socioeconomic consequences that affect patients’ health-related quality of life (HRQoL) as much as physical disability. Objective: To determine the clinical and sociodemographic factors affecting HRQoL in a large international study using the MS International QoL (MusiQoL) questionnaire. Methods: Patients aged >18 years with a diagnosis of MS for >6 months or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) were enrolled. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded, and patients completed the MusiQoL and 36-item short form (SF-36) health survey questionnaires. Results: In total, 1992 patients from 15 countries were enrolled (mean [standard deviation] age: 42.3 [12.5] years; 70.5% women; 70.4% with relapsing–remitting MS). Multivariate multiple regression analyses identified lower educational level, higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score, cognitive impairment, being single and shorter time since last relapse as significant predictors of lower MusiQoL global index scores ( p < 0.05). Older age, female sex, higher EDSS score, shorter time since last relapse and receiving current MS treatment were significant predictors of lower SF-36 physical component summary scores ( p < 0.05). The SF-36 mental component summary score was linked to occupational status, inpatient/outpatient status, time since last relapse, and whether the patient was receiving MS treatment ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Sociodemographic and clinical factors are linked to HRQoL in patients with MS. Interventions that affect these factors might be expected to influence HRQoL.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and multiple sclerosis: the initial results from a Brazilian database

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Dadalti Fragoso ◽  
Alessandro Finkelsztejn ◽  
Elizabeth Regina Comini-Frota ◽  
Paulo Diniz da Gama ◽  
Ansderson Kuntz Grzesiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Birth Defects ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Initial Results

PURPOSE: Pregnancy management poses an extra challenge to physicians and their multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. There are few papers reporting databases on the subject. METHOD: Brazilian database from nine MS clinical and research units, with complete data on 47 pregnant women (49 pregnancies). RESULTS: Despite relatively high exposure to MS medications, no birth defects were reported. Low birth weight and prematurity were similar to those for developing countries. Three complications may have been associated with these medications, while three others were considered to be of purely obstetric nature. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm previous findings on lower relapse rate during pregnancy and add to the present literature informing on data related to drug exposure.

scholarly journals The catastrophic out-of-pocket health expenditure of multiple sclerosis patients in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Gharibi ◽  
Ali Imani ◽  
Koustuv Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Catastrophic Health Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rehabilitation Care ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background The present study was designed and conducted to evaluate multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment costs and the resulting economic impact imposed on MS patients in Iran. Methods This was a cross-sectional study, among randomly selected 300 MS patients, registered in the MS Association of East Azerbaijan Province, Iran (1 year after their treatment began). The regression analysis, ANOVA, T-test, and chi-square were used. Results The average amount of out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) by MS patients during the previous year was 1669.20 USD, most of which was spent on medication, rehabilitation care, and physician visits. Their mean annual income was 5182.84 USD. Fifty four percent of families with an MS patient suffer from catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) and 44% experience poverty caused by the OOPs. Occupational status, having supplemental health insurance, and being residents of Tabriz significantly affect OOPs, CHE, and the resulting poverty (P < 0.05). Conclusion The catastrophic financial burden of health care costs on MS patients and their families justifies health policymakers to promote pre-payment systems and provide subsidies to less well-off patients to protect them from the unfairness of OOPs and its resulting CHE and poverty.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Vaccination Status, and Reasons for Avoiding Vaccinations against Hepatitis B in Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 625
Author(s):  
Putri Bungsu Machmud ◽  
Saskia Glasauer ◽  
Cornelia Gottschick ◽  
Rafael Mikolajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Vaccination Status ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Hepatitis B Vaccination

(1) Background: The coverage of hepatitis B vaccination remains low in developing countries to date. This systematic review thus analyzes the determinants of people’s knowledge and vaccination status as well as the reasons why people in developing countries chose not to receive the hepatitis B vaccination. (2) Methods: We searched four databases to identify all studies from developing countries published within the past 10 years. Both low-risk and high-risk populations aged older than 15 years old were eligible for the study. The quality of studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale assessment. (3) Results: This study identified 2443 articles, 89 of which were included in the analysis. Monthly income, occupational status, and profession as a health-care worker were the strongest predictive factors for both knowledge of hepatitis B and vaccination status. In addition, strong predictor variables of hepatitis B knowledge were knowing an infected person and level of education, while health insurance, management’s protection at workplace, infection training, and experience of hepatitis B exposure were strong influencing factors for vaccine uptake. (4) Conclusions: Exposure to information, support from institutions, and financial support related to vaccination cost have a positive impact on the knowledge about hepatitis B infection and vaccination coverage.

scholarly journals The Main Determinants for Suicidal Ideation in a Romanian Cohort of Multiple Sclerosis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Andreea Romaniuc ◽  
Rodica Bălaşa ◽  
Nicoleta Ştirbu ◽  
Smaranda Maier ◽  
Sebastian Andone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Functional Scores ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Disability Level

Objective. To determine the prevalence of suicidal concerns (SC) in a large multiple sclerosis (MS) patient group and to assess the major determinants that are implicated in their occurrence. Methods. A total of 349 patients were included in the study. They completed a survey about their demographic characteristics, psycho-socio-economic data, and disease-related information. Their disability level was assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) based on the neurological examination performed by the same doctor for every patient and the SC were documented with the Beck Depression Inventory-II questionnaire. Results. The study included 112 men and 237 women, with a mean age around 42 years old. Suicidal thoughts were more frequent in men, while suicidal intentions in women. Positive correlations were found between SC and depression, EDSS, total number of relapses, disease duration, and level of education. From the EDSS functional scores, only the pyramidal score and the cerebellar score presented a significant correlation with SC. None of the patients with clinically isolated syndrome had SC. The type of disease-modifying therapy, marital and occupational status, and the presence of children did not influence the presence of SC. Conclusions. The prevalence of SC is higher in patients with MS compared to the general population. Their occurrence is mostly influenced by the disease itself (duration, relapses, acquired disability) and also by depression and lack of education.

scholarly journals Clinical Profile and Visual Outcome of Optic Neuritis Patients in Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (33) ◽  
pp. 2784-2788
Author(s):  
Gajaraj Tulsidas Naik ◽  
Hemalatha Krishnamurthy ◽  
Pradeep Kumar S.M ◽  
Suria Rashmi ◽  
Meghana Neeralgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Ocular Movements ◽  
A Prospective Study

BACKGROUND Blindness is a major health problem worldwide and India has been an epicenter in the number of blindness cases. The causes of blindness, natural history differs between western countries and India. When it comes to optic neuritis the pattern in developing countries is different than developed countries. Multiple sclerosis is one of the major causes of disability disease in US and one of the most common early manifestations is optic neuritis. Early identification and early management have shown promises in reducing ocular morbidity as well as neurological morbidity and recurrences. But the trend of optic neuritis in India is very different and not many studies have been conducted to know about this disease and its causes in this geographical region. We wanted to evaluate the clinical profile and visual outcome of optic neuritis in India. METHODS It was a prospective study done for a duration of 10.8 +/- 8.4 months in which all patients clinically diagnosed with optic neuritis were studied. Thirty patients were included in the study. They were followed up and visual parameters were assessed and thus clinical profiling and visual outcomes were done. RESULTS Mean age was 39.3667 ± 14.03563 years. Female preponderance was seen (63.33 % of cases). Retrobulbar neuritis (56.7 % of eyes) was more common than papillitis (43.33 % of eyes) but papillitis was a more common presentation in males (73.7 %). Bilateral presentation was seen in 23.33 % cases. All patients complained of DOV but pain on ocular movements were complained by 36.66 % patients. Baseline median logMAR visual acuity (VA) was 1.17 ± 0.8, which improved to 1.6 ± 0.6, within one week and 0.79 +/- 0.6 within one month improving to 0.55 +/- 0.6 in three months. Approximately 64.68 % of eyes retained VA of or 6/18 or more. Colour vision recovery was noted in 39.86 %. Demyelinating lesions in the brain were present in 2 patients, one of which was already diagnosed as MS. One case on follow up was eventually diagnosed as multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS In Indian scenario the profile of optic neuritis is different. Here incidence of papillitis is more or equal to that of retrobulbar optic neuritis, visual recovery is poor, causes being more of infectious or idiopathic and less recurrence rate. KEY WORDS Optic Neuritis, Clinical Profile, Visual Outcome, Developing Countries Ontt

Occupational Status and Mass Media in Rural Egypt

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal El Menoufi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Public Information ◽  
New Man

The use of mass media to shape public opinion, disseminate public information, and transform political culture, has grown tremendously in developing countries during the last two decades. Many of these countries have raised the slogan of “creationg a new man,” that is, one with skills, attitudes, and values that are conducive to development. In this respect, they have relied on mass media as a major purveyor of modern influences and as one of the most effective agents of political resocialization.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic determinants of global distribution of multiple sclerosis: an ecological investigation based on Global Burden of Disease data

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Kazemi Moghaddam ◽  
Aisha S. Dickerson ◽  
Edris Bazrafshan ◽  
Seyedeh Nahid Seyedhasani ◽  
Fereshteh Najafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
National Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Global Burden Of Disease ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Socioeconomic factors may be involved in risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), either indirectly or as confounding factors. In this study two comprehensive indicators reflecting socioeconomic differences, including the Human Development Index (HDI) and Prosperity Index (PI), were used to assess the impact of these factors on the worldwide distribution of MS. Methods The data for this global ecological study were obtained from three comprehensive databases including the Global Burden of Disease (as the source of MS indices), United Nations Development Programme (source for HDI) and the Legatum Institute Database for PI. MS indices (including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years) were all analyzed in the form of age- and sex-standardized. Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between HDI and PI and their subsets with MS indices. Results All MS indices were correlated with HDI and PI. It was also found that developed countries had significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of MS than developing countries. Education and governance from the PI, and gross national income and expected years of schooling from the HDI were more associated with MS. Education was significantly related to MS indices (p < 0.01) in both developed and developing countries. Conclusion In general, the difference in income and the socioeconomic development globally have created a landscape for MS that should be studied in more detail in future studies.

scholarly journals Employment status of people diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-345
Author(s):  
Carolina Martines Estrutti ◽  
Gustavo San Martin Elexpe Cardoso ◽  
Maykon Anderson Pires de Novais ◽  
Enedina Maria Lobato de Oliveira ◽  
Denis Bernardi Bichuetti
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Treatment ◽  
Time To Diagnosis

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the employment status of Brazilians with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: Analysis of a cross-sectional online survey including questions on demographic and occupational status at the time of diagnosis and survey completion, and time from the first symptom to diagnosis. Results: Of those who answered the survey, 804 Brazilians with MS were included. Median age of onset and current age were 28.3 and 36.2 years; median time to diagnosis and disease duration were 2.7 and 7.9 years; 67% held a university degree and 29% finished high school; 94% had a paid occupation contributing to the family income at least once in their lives, 77% were employed at the time of diagnosis but only 59% were employed at the time of survey. Longer disease duration, longer time to diagnosis and younger age at the first symptom, were identified as factors correlated with being unemployed. Conclusions: The rate of unemployment doubled after the first symptoms of MS, and only 59% of highly-educated people with MS in their productive years were employed. The longer time to diagnosis may imply treatment delay, and strategies focusing on early diagnosis and adequate treatment may favor employment retention and reduce disability related costs, such as social benefits and pension fund use.

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