SUBSTANTIATION OF STORAGE MODES OF JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE TUBERS IN THE CONDITIONS OF PUBLIC CATERING

Author(s):  
В.Ю. Токарев ◽  
Н.Т. Шамкова ◽  
А.В. Добровольская ◽  
А.З. Тодорова ◽  
А.И. ВЕРЕЩАГИНА

Исследованы изменения биохимических свойств клубней топинамбура (КТ) сортов Скороспелка (СК), Интерес (ИНТ), Новость ВИР (НВИР) урожаев 2011 2018 гг., выращиваемого в Краснодарском крае и Республике Адыгея, при хранении до поступления и в условиях предприятий общественного питания. Установлено, что при хранении на складах с искусственным охлаждением (склады с ИО) потери инулина составили, , сорт: ИНТ 10,4 НВИР 10,28 СК 22,01. При хранении в регулируемой газовой среде (РГС) потери инулина составили, , сорт: ИНТ 2,8 НВИР 5,91 СК 4,25 при хранении в грунте 9,4 9,59 и 7,92 соответственно. При хранении на складах с ИО увеличилось содержание пектиновых веществ, , сорт: ИНТ на 12,6 НВИР на 0,31 СК на 95,59 в РГС 2,54 1,71 и 2,55 соответственно при хранении в грунте 7,15 6,99 и 3,94 соответственно. При хранении на складах с ИО содержание хлорогеновой и кофейной кислот увеличилось, , сорт: ИНТ на 253,6 и 10852,7 НВИР на 83,5 и 997,9 СК на 361,0 и 661,3 соответственно в РГС 58,54 и 525,0 51,9 и 122,2 64,2 и 180 соответственно при хранении в грунте 82,9 и 983,3 77,2 и 191,67 79,1 и 246,67 соответственно. При хранении на складах с ИО уменьшилось содержание аскорбиновой кислоты, , сорт: ИНТ на 62,9 НВИР на 47,59 СК на 41,18 в РГС 28,97 30,96 и 34,04 соответственно в грунте 34,87 34,96 и 35,0 соответственно. Исследовано изменение структурномеханических свойств, естественной убыли клубней при различных способах хранения. Определено, что после 7 сут хранения в кладовой овощей снижается механическая прочность КТ, сорт: ИНТ на 26,8, НВИР на 30,0, СК на 31,25 соответственно после 14 сут хранения на 49,3 52,5 и 55,62 соответственно после 90 сут хранения в холодильной камере на 31,87 38,31 и 39,37 соответственно после 180 сут хранения в морозильной камере и размораживания на воздухе на 80,62 83,12 и 86,8 соответственно. Среднеотраслевая норма рентабельности продажи КТ 40. Investigated changes of biochemical properties of Jerusalem artichoke tubers varieties Skorospelka (SK), Interes (INT), Novost VIR (NVIR) harvests 2011 2018 grown in the Krasnodar region and the Adygea Republic at storage before receipt and in the conditions of public catering establishments. It was found that when stored in warehouses with artificial cooling (warehouses with AC), the loss of inulin was, , variety: INT 10,4 NVIR 10,28 SK 22,01. When stored in a controlled gas environment (CGE), the loss of inulin was, , variety: INT 2,8 NVIR 5,91 SK 4,25 when stored in soil 9,4 9,59 and 7,92, respectively. When stored in warehouses with AC, the content of pectin substances increased, , variety: INT by 12,6 NVIR at 0,31 SK at 95,59 in the CGE 2,54 1,71 and 2,55, respectively when stored in soil 7,15 6,99 and 3,94, respectively. During storage in the warehouses with AC with the contents of chlorogenic and caffeic acids increased, , variety: INT on 253,6 and 10852,7 NVIR by 83,5 and 997,9 SK on 361,0 and 661,3, respectively in CGE 58,54 and 525,0 51,9 and of 122,2 64,2 and 180, respectively in storage in the soil 82,9 and 983,3 77,2 and 191,67 79,1 and 246,67, respectively. When stored in warehouses with AC, the content of ascorbic acid decreased, , variety: INT by 62,9 NVIR at 47,59 SK at 41,18 in the CGE 28,97 30,96 and 34,04, respectively in the ground 34,87 34,96 and 35,0, respectively. The change in the structural and mechanical properties, the natural loss of tubers under various storage methods was investigated. It was determined that after 7 days of storage in the pantry of vegetables, the mechanical strength of Jerusalem artichoke tubers decreases, variety: INT by 26,8, NVIR by 30,0, SK by 31,25, respectively after 14 days of storage by 49,3 52,5 and 55,62, respectively after 90 days of storage in the refrigerator by 31,87 38,31 and 39,37, respectively after 180 days of storage in the freezer and defrosting in air by 80,62 83,12 and 86,8, respectively. The industry average rate of return on sales of Jerusalem artichoke tubers is 40.

Author(s):  
Н.Т. Шамкова ◽  
В.Ю. Токарев ◽  
А.В. Добровольская ◽  
А.З. Тодорова ◽  
А.И. ВЕРЕЩАГИНА

Определен биотехнологический потенциал топинамбура сортов Новость ВИР, Скороспелка, Интерес, произрастающего в Краснодарском крае и Республике Адыгея, урожаев 2011 2018 гг. Установлено, что клубни топинамбура сорта Интерес превосходят сорта Новость ВИР и Скороспелка по содержанию, : общих сахаров на 22,41 и 14,34 инулина 41,82 и 32,99 пектиновых веществ 22,39 и 49,75 аскорбиновой кислоты 35,27 и 39,29 хлорогеновой кислоты 3,66 и 18,29 оротовой кислоты 88,89 и 84,89 соответственно. Сорт Интерес в сравнении с сортами Новость ВИР и Скороспелка содержит на 245,24 и 243,33 меньше никотиновой кислоты и на 100,0 и 108,33 кофейной кислоты соответственно. Содержание гистидина в клубнях топинамбура сортов Интерес, Новость ВИР и Скороспелка составляет 132,36 44,83 и 88,21 мг/кг аргинина 2017,2 958,56 и 460,44 мг/кг соответственно. В комплексе с аскорбиновой кислотой органические кислоты клубней топинамбура обладают выраженными антиоксидантными свойствами. Установлено, что в результате бланширования антиоксидантная активность топинамбура сорта Интерес возросла на 15,6. Таким образом, сорт Интерес наиболее перспективен для переработки в условиях предприятий общественного питания. The biotechnological potential of Jerusalem artichoke varieties Novost VIR, Skorospelka, Interes growing in the Krasnodar region and the Adygea Republic, harvest 2011 2018 has been determined. It was found that Jerusalem artichoke tubers of the Interes variety are superior to Novost VIR and Skorospelka varieties in content, : total sugars by 22,41 and 14,34 inulin 41,82 and 32,99 pectin substances 22,39 and 49,75 ascorbic acid 35,27 and 39,29 chlorogenic acid 3,66 and 18,29 orotic acid 88,89 and 84,89, respectively. Variety Interes in comparison with Novost VIR and Skorospelka varieties contains 245,24 and 243,33 less nicotinic acid and 100,00 and 108,33 coffee acid, respectively. The content of histidine in the tubers of Jerusalem artichoke varieties of Interes, Novost VIR, Skorospelka is 132,36 44,83 and 88,21 mg/kg arginine 2017,2 958,56 and 460,44 mg/kg, respectively. In a complex with ascorbic acid, organic acids of Jerusalem artichoke tubers have pronounced antioxidant properties. It was found that as a result of blanching, the antioxidant activity of Jerusalem artichoke of the Interes variety increases by 15,6. Thus, the Interes variety is most promising for processing in public catering facilities.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Halkadri Fitra ◽  
Salma Taqwa ◽  
Charoline Cheisviyanny ◽  
Abel Tasman ◽  
Nurzi Sebrina

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan aspek keuangan usaha grosir sembako Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera di Kenagarian Kamang Hilia Kecamatan Kamang Magek Kabupaten Agam Provinsi Sumatera Barat yang dilakukan pada tahun 2018. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode cash flow analysis, payback period, net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, dan average rate of return. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai net cash flow Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera adalah positif yaitu Rp.21.774.000, nilai payback period adalah 1,15 tahun, nilai net present value positif sebesar Rp.10.680.034,47, nilai profitability index adalah positif 1,37, sedangkan nilai internal rate of return adalah 46,7% dan nilai average rate of return adalah 57,23%. Berdasarkan standar penilaian maka semua metode yang digunakan memberikan kesimpulan bahwa usaha grosir sembako milik Badan Usaha Milik Desa (Nagari) Kamang Hilia Sejahtera dalam kategori layak untuk dilaksanakan.


1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Richardson ◽  
Harry P. Mapp

Managers of business firms, large or small, farm or nonfarm, must make investment decisions under conditions of risk and uncertainty. However, in evaluating investments, the assumption of perfect knowledge has often been used to simplify the analysis. For example, an estimate of average annual net returns is frequently discounted into perpetuity to evaluate a real estate investment alternative. Capital budgeting literature suggests a number of approaches to evaluating alternative investments. However, use of concepts such as the payback period, average rate of return, internal rate of return and net present value embodies the assumption of perfect knowledge.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Lika Pasaribu ◽  
Liharman Saragih

Studi kelayakan bisnis merupakan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk memutuskan apakah sebuah ide bisnis layak atau tidak. Cafe Khalizta Coffee & Resto Kota Pematangsiantar merupakan salah satu café yang baru berjalan selama 11 bulan, sehingga akan diuji apakah usaha tersebut telah layak berdasarkan aspek keuangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis didapat bahwa aspek keuangan  dikatakan layak, dengan nilai Payback Period (PP) 1 tahun 6 bulan 23 hari. Nilai Net Present Value (NPV) 1.186.386.674, nilai Profitability Index (PI) 2,68, nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 101%,  nilai Average Rate of Return (ARR) 108 %  aspek keuangan dinyatakan layak dan dapat dilanjutkan


1997 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry M. Kaiser

AbstractThe impacts of generic dairy advertising on retail, wholesale, and farm dairy markets are estimated in this study at the national level. The results indicate that generic dairy advertising had a major impact on retail, wholesale, and farm markets for the dairy industry. The main conclusion of the study is that farmers are receiving a high return on their investment in generic dairy advertising, i.e., an average rate of return of $3.40 for every dollar invested over the period 1984–95. Moreover, the return on investment in advertising was higher in the most recent year, almost double the average for the previous 11 years.


2015 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nduka O. Enemchukwu ◽  
Ricardo Cruz-Acuña ◽  
Tom Bongiorno ◽  
Christopher T. Johnson ◽  
José R. García ◽  
...  

Epithelial cells cultured within collagen and laminin gels proliferate to form hollow and polarized spherical structures, recapitulating the formation of a rudimentary epithelial organ. However, the contributions of extracellular matrix (ECM) biochemical and biophysical properties to morphogenesis are poorly understood because of uncontrolled presentation of multiple adhesive ligands, limited control over mechanical properties, and lot-to-lot compositional variability in these natural ECMs. We engineered synthetic ECM-mimetic hydrogels with independent control over adhesive ligand density, mechanical properties, and proteolytic degradation to study the impact of ECM properties on epithelial morphogenesis. Normal cyst growth, polarization, and lumen formation were restricted to a narrow range of ECM elasticity, whereas abnormal morphogenesis was observed at lower and higher elastic moduli. Adhesive ligand density dramatically regulated apicobasal polarity and lumenogenesis independently of cell proliferation. Finally, a threshold level of ECM protease degradability was required for apicobasal polarity and lumen formation. This synthetic ECM technology provides new insights into how cells transduce ECM properties into complex morphogenetic behaviors.


Author(s):  
Alice H. Huang ◽  
Robert L. Mauck

Articular cartilage lines the surfaces of joints and transmits the forces arising from locomotion. The poor ability of cartilage to self-repair has motivated efforts to engineer replacements that recapitulate this load-bearing function. While chondrocyte-laden constructs have been generated with near-native mechanical properties, limitations in chondrocyte availability may preclude their clinical use. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can undergo chondrogenesis in 3D culture, have emerged as a promising alternative [1]. However, although MSCs deposit a cartilaginous matrix, mechanical and biochemical properties are lower than those achieved with chondrocytes [1, 2]. Using microarray analysis, we recently showed that limitations in functional MSC chondrogenesis may stem from incomplete or incorrect molecular induction; molecular differences were observed between donor-matched differentiated chondrocytes and newly differentiated MSCs over 8 weeks of culture [2]. While some genes remained consistently low in MSCs compared to chondrocytes, others gradually increased with time, approaching chondrocyte levels by 8 weeks. As these molecules may underlie the functional disparity between chondrocytes and MSCs, we hypothesized that longer culture durations may improve MSC-seeded construct properties and chondrogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we characterized the evolution of functional properties of MSC- and chondrocyte-seeded constructs over 4 months of in vitro culture in pro-chondrogenic medium.


1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Hotvedt ◽  
Philip L. Tedder

The objective of most investors in stocks or other assets is to maximize the expected returns in a given risk class; in other words, to minimize risk for a given level of expected returns. Although “risk” may connote the chance of injury or loss, the term is not defined so narrowly in this article. Rather, it is used to reflect volatility in stock or other assets' rates of return and should not be confused with risk and uncertainty in the production process. Risk, as approached herein, equals the variance of historical rates of return about the average rate of return.


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