scholarly journals Medicinal Properties of Flavonoids: الفلافونويدات وخواصها الدوائية

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan M. H. Muhaisen, Esraa M. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Antitumour Agents ◽  
Positive Effects

  Flavonoids are ubiquitous in photosynthesizing cells and are commonly found in fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems, flowers, tea, and honey. Therefore, a significant quantity is consumed in our daily diet. These flavonoids are variously associated with the sensory and nutritional quality of our plant foods. For centuries, preparations containing these compounds as the principal physiologically active constituents have been used to treat human diseases. There has been increasing interest in the research on flavonoids from plant sources because of their versatile health benefits reported in various epidemiological studies. Since flavonoids are directly associated with human dietary ingredients and health, there is need to evaluate structure and function relationship. There have been many bioassay guided searches for cytotoxic antitumour agents in plants especially those known to be used in folk medicine for this purpose. This has led to the isolation and identification of quite a large number of active constituents from all the different flavonoid classes, e.g. catechins, flavans, dihydrochalcones, chalcones, flavanones, dihydro-flavonols, flavones, biflavonoids and flavonol. The purpose of the present review is to discuss recent developments in the biochemistry and medicinal aspects of the flavonoids. Flavonoids have received a lot of interest in scientific research over the past 20 years and have had many beneficial and potential effects. Flavonoids have many great advantages as natural compounds compared to therapeutic agents because many diets are rich in polyphenols and are consumed daily and are easily absorbed in the intestines after ingestion, especially flavonoids, have positive effects on health: antioxidants, lethargy, allergies and bacteria, And cancer. The protective effect of flavonoids is primarily due to its antioxidant effect and inhibition of enzymes. The protective effect of flavonoids from diseases is mainly due to their antioxidant effect. Recent research on the biological properties of flavonoids will therefore be a further subject of the present review.

scholarly journals Antitumor Activities of Flavonoids and Their Biological Activities on Human Health: الفلافونويدات المضادة للأورام ونشاطاتها البيولوجية على صحة الإنسان

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Mahmoud Moheisen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Antitumour Agents

  Flavonoids are ubiquitous in photosynthesising cells and are commonly found in fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems, flowers, tea, wine, propolis and honey. Therefore, a significant quantity is consumed in our daily diet. These flavonoids are variously associated with the sensory and nutritional quality of our plant foods. For centuries, preparations containing these compounds as the principal physiologically active constituents have been used to treat human diseases. There have been many bioassay guided searches for cytotoxic antitumour agents in plants especially those known to be used in folk medicine for this purpose. This has led to the isolation and identification of quite a large number of active constituents from all the diferent flavonoid classes, e.g. catechins, flavans, dihydrochalcones, chalcones, flavanones, dihydro- flavonols, flavones, biflavonoids and flavonol. The purpose of the present review is to discuss recent developments in the biochemistry and medicinal aspects of the flavonoids. It is already well established that flavonoids make some contribution to disease resistance. Perhaps the most active area of flavonoid research at the present time is in the possible medicinal contribution that flavonoids make to human health, It is well known that some flavonoids can act as anti-spasmolytic agents, antibacterial activity, hepatoprotective agents and prevention of malaria. Recent research on the biological properties of flavonoids will therefore be a further subject of the present review. The activity of 17- β- estradiol, for example, have a pharmacologicalefficacy, at optimal concentrations, which is equivalent to the natural hormone. The compounds: 4´,7´´- di- O- methylamentofavone and 7´´- O- methylrobustafavone, were significantly cytotoxic against human cell lines including breast, lung, colon and prostate cancer, fibrosarcoma, glibostoma, oral epidermoid carcinoma and leukemia. Amongst the favonols, quercetagetin 6,7,3´ ,4´- tetramethyl ether, was found to show significant cytotoxicity against murine leukaemia, human non- small cell lung cancer, human colon cancer, and KB tumour cells.  

Antiviral Essential Oils Incorporated in Nanocarriers: Strategy for Prevention from COVID-19 and Future Infectious Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 437-451
Author(s):  
Malkiet Kaur ◽  
Gayatri Devi ◽  
Manju Nagpal ◽  
Manjinder Singh ◽  
Gitika A. Dhingra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Active Constituents ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Low Solubility

Background: Coronavirus has become a life-threatening disease and it is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This new strain of coronavirus is not completely understood and to date, there is no treatment for coronavirus. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. In the meantime, guidelines of the ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha and homoepathy) include a traditional medicinal treatment for flu and fever and also recommended to boost immunity to prevent the spread of coronavirus. It is not possible to find which essential oil will offer the best level of protection. However, it is likely to assume that some essential oils are likely to offer a measurable level of defense in the same way they do with many other known viruses. Methods: Literature relevant to various essential oils having antiviral activity has been collected and compiled. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have also been stated. The database was collected using various search engines such as J-Gate, Google Scholar, Sci-Hub, PubMed, ScienceDirect, etc. Results: Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activities and many more. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. Conclusion: Several essential oils possess potent antiviral activity and are characterized by fewer side effects and are safe for human use. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections. Lay Summary: Current COVID-19 era demands traditional treatment for immunity boost up as support therapy. Traditional ayurvedic medicines, mainly essential oils and Chinese herbs, have always played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of several epidemics and pandemics. Therefore, authors have summarized various essential oils having antiviral activity in current manuscript. Various nanocarriers of essential oils have been reported. Essential oils contain active constituents such as phenolic compounds, terpenoids, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids, etc., which are responsible for their biological properties such as antiviral, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. However, the use of essential oils has always been limited due to poor solubility, solvent toxicity, volatility and low solubility. Many nanotechnology based carriers especially, liposomes, dendrimers, nanoparticles, nanoemulsion and microemulsion, etc. have been evidenced to overcome limitations associated with essential oils. The nanocarrier systems of these oils have proved the potential to treat viral and bacterial infections.

scholarly journals Earthworm Inoculation Improves Upland Rice Crop Yield and Other Agrosystem Services in Madagascar

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Onja Ratsiatosika ◽  
Malalatiana Razafindrakoto ◽  
Tantely Razafimbelo ◽  
Michel Rabenarivo ◽  
Thierry Becquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Ecological Transition ◽  
Earthworm Activity ◽  
Endogeic Earthworms ◽  
Plant Properties

The effects of earthworm inoculation and cropping systems on upland rice systems were examined over a four-year period in the Highlands of Madagascar. Each year, endogeic earthworms Pontoscolex corethrurus (Rhinodrilidae) were inoculated (EW+) at a density of 75 ind m−2 or were not inoculated (EW0). Inoculation was tested in three cropping systems: conservation agriculture (CA) and traditional tillage with or without residues restitution. Soil and plant properties were measured during the first three years while soil biological properties were assessed at the fourth year. At the end of the experiment, earthworm density was three-fold higher in EW+ than in EW0, demonstrating the success of the inoculation. Earthworm density was more important in CA than in tillage systems. Earthworm inoculation had higher significant effects on soil and plant properties than cropping systems. Earthworm inoculation had positive effects on soil macroaggregation (+43%), aboveground biomass (+27%), rice grain yield (+45%), and N grain amount (+43%). Intensifying earthworm activity in field conditions to meet the challenge of ecological transition is supported by our study.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Studies of Folk Medicine “Five Thieves’ Oil” (Olejek Pięciu Złodziei) Components

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2931
Author(s):  
Przemysław Siejak ◽  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Farahnaz Fathordobady ◽  
Anna Grygier ◽  
Hanna Maria Baranowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Terpene Derivatives

To meet the growing interest in natural antibacterial agents, we evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of the folk medicine known as “five thieves’ oil” (Polish name: olejek pięciu złodziei). Five thieves’ oil consists of a mixture of five oils: rosemary, lemon, clove, eucalyptus, and cinnamon. In this study, we performed gas chromatography, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopic analysis, as well as L-a-b color tests, contact angle determination, and surface tension determination. To verify its antibacterial activity, the metabolic activity and changes in cell membrane permeability of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were studied. As a result, it was found that among the constituent oils, the oils of clove and cinnamon were the least volatile and, at the same time, had the strongest antibacterial activity. However, a mix of all the oils also showed comparable activity, which was even more pronounced for the oils after 4 weeks of aging. This effect can be linked to the high content of terpene derivatives such as eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, which can cause changes in bacterial membrane permeability, affecting cell activity and survival. This study is the first to characterize the constituents of the popular folk medicine five thieves’ oil, confirming and explaining its strong antibacterial activity, thus constituting a significant contribution to contemporary health education.

scholarly journals Applications of Radiolabelled Curcumin and Its Derivatives in Medicinal Chemistry

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7410
Author(s):  
Matteo Mari ◽  
Debora Carrozza ◽  
Erika Ferrari ◽  
Mattia Asti
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Application ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Curcumin Derivatives ◽  
Gallium 68

Curcumin is a natural occurring molecule that has aroused much interest among researchers over the years due to its pleiotropic set of biological properties. In the nuclear medicine field, radiolabelled curcumin and curcumin derivatives have been studied as potential radiotracers for the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and cancer. In the present review, the synthetic pathways, labelling methods and the preclinical investigations involving these radioactive compounds are treated. The studies entailed chemical modifications for enhancing curcumin stability, as well as its functionalisation for the labelling with several radiohalogens or metal radionuclides (fluorine-18, technetium-99m, gallium-68, etc.). Although some drawbacks have yet to be addressed, and none of the radiolabelled curcuminoids have so far achieved clinical application, the studies performed hitherto provide useful insights and lay the foundation for further developments.

The Pharmacological and Pathological Studies on Taiwan Folk Medicine (VI): The Effects of Elephantopus scaber subsp. oblanceolata, E. mollis and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ching Lin ◽  
Ming-Hong Yen ◽  
Hui-Fen Chiu
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Serum Transaminase ◽  
Functional Test ◽  
Fatty Metamorphosis ◽  
Elephantopus Scaber ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Crude Drugs

The liver protective effect of Elephantopus scaber subsp. oblanceolata, E. mollis and Pseudoelephantopus spicatus on CCL 4 induced hepatotoxicity has been determined by liver enzyme functional test and pathological studies. As the result indicatep, the acute increase of serum transaminase (SGOT and SGPT level which was caused by CCL 4 administration (3.0ml/kg, s.c.) can be significantly reduced when treating with E. scaber subsp. oblanceolata( p < 0.001), E. mollis( p < 0.01), P. spicatus( p < 0.01). The hepatic fatty metamorphosis and necrosis of central lobule were obviously improved by treating with E. scaber subsp. oblanceolata and E. mollis, while treated with P. spicatus demonstrated only a moderate protective effect. All pharmacological and pathological effects of these three crude drugs were compared with Bupleurum chinense which has been reported previously as a treatment criteria.

Antioxidant effect of salidroside and its protective effect against furan-induced hepatocyte damage in mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 763 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Si-Jia Wu ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Lu-Lu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Effect ◽  
Hepatocyte Damage

Site-directed mutagenesis of the SH2- and SH3-coding domains of c-src produces varied phenotypes, including oncogenic activation of p60c-src

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1307-1318
Author(s):  
H Hirai ◽  
H E Varmus
Keyword(s):  
Protein Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Mutant Proteins ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Src Gene ◽  
Carboxy Terminal

The products of the viral and cellular src genes, p60v-src and p60c-src, appear to be composed of multiple functional domains. Highly conserved regions called src homology 2 and 3 (SH2 and SH3), comprising amino acid residues 88 to 250, are believed to modulate the protein-tyrosine kinase activity present in the carboxy-terminal halves of the src proteins. To explore the functions of these regions more fully, we have made 34 site-directed mutations in a transformation-competent c-src gene encoding phenylalanine in place of tyrosine 527 (Y527F c-src). Twenty of the new mutations change only one or two amino acids, and the remainder delete small or large portions of the SH2-SH3 region. These mutant alleles have been incorporated into a replication-competent Rous sarcoma virus vector to examine the biochemical and biological properties of the mutant proteins after infection of chicken embryo fibroblasts. Four classes of mutant proteins were observed: class 1, mutants with only slight differences from the parental gene products; class 2, mutant proteins with diminished transforming and specific kinase activities; class 3, mutant proteins with normal or enhanced specific kinase activity but impaired biological activity, often as a consequence of instability; and class 4, mutant proteins with augmented biological and catalytic activities. In general, there was a strong correlation between total kinase activity (or amounts of intracellular phosphotyrosine-containing proteins) and transforming activity. Deletion mutations and some point mutations affecting residues 109 to 156 inhibited kinase and transforming functions, whereas deletions affecting residues 187 to 226 generally had positive effects on one or both of those functions, confirming that SH2-SH3 has complex regulatory properties. Five mutations that augmented the transforming and kinase activities of Y527F c-src [F172P, R175L, delta(198-205), delta(206-226), and delta(176-226)] conferred transformation competence on an otherwise normal c-src gene, indicating that mutations in SH2 (like previously described lesions in SH3, the kinase domain, and a carboxy-terminal inhibitory domain) can activate c-src.

Review on pharmacological and phytochemical prospects of traditional medicinal plant: Persicaria hydropiper (Smartweed)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Nasir ◽  
Atif Ali Khan Khalil ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Ashfaq Ur Rehman ◽  
Jiayi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Polygonum Hydropiper ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pharmacological Data ◽  
Different Parts

: Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Delarbre (family Polygonacea), commonly known as Polygonum hydropiper, is a popular medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The plant is indigenous to the tropical northern hemisphere and temperate zone including China, Bangladesh, India, and Japan. The plant is used in folk medicine for numerous ailments such as hemorrhoids, antifertility, diarrhea, and dyspepsia. Its medicinal usage in Unani, Ayurveda, Siddha, and other traditional medicine is well-recognized. So far, a wide range of active phytochemicals of this plant has been identified, such as flavonoids, sulphated flavonoids, terpenoids, anthraquinones, steroids, coumarin, simple phenolics, and others. Pharmacological data reported in the literature suggest that various parts of P. hydropiper exhibit antimicrobial, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antidepressant, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, anticancer, and antifertility effects. The present review aim is to compile the coherently document research on the phytochemical, pharmacological, and biological activities of P. hydropiper from different parts of the globe.

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