scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Studies of Folk Medicine “Five Thieves’ Oil” (Olejek Pięciu Złodziei) Components

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2931
Author(s):  
Przemysław Siejak ◽  
Wojciech Smułek ◽  
Farahnaz Fathordobady ◽  
Anna Grygier ◽  
Hanna Maria Baranowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Comparable Activity ◽  
Terpene Derivatives

To meet the growing interest in natural antibacterial agents, we evaluated the physicochemical and biological properties of the folk medicine known as “five thieves’ oil” (Polish name: olejek pięciu złodziei). Five thieves’ oil consists of a mixture of five oils: rosemary, lemon, clove, eucalyptus, and cinnamon. In this study, we performed gas chromatography, FTIR, and UV–vis spectroscopic analysis, as well as L-a-b color tests, contact angle determination, and surface tension determination. To verify its antibacterial activity, the metabolic activity and changes in cell membrane permeability of bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were studied. As a result, it was found that among the constituent oils, the oils of clove and cinnamon were the least volatile and, at the same time, had the strongest antibacterial activity. However, a mix of all the oils also showed comparable activity, which was even more pronounced for the oils after 4 weeks of aging. This effect can be linked to the high content of terpene derivatives such as eugenol and cinnamaldehyde, which can cause changes in bacterial membrane permeability, affecting cell activity and survival. This study is the first to characterize the constituents of the popular folk medicine five thieves’ oil, confirming and explaining its strong antibacterial activity, thus constituting a significant contribution to contemporary health education.

scholarly journals Study on the Function of the Inositol Polyphosphate Kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 of Candida albicans in Energy Metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueling Peng ◽  
Qilin Yu ◽  
Yingzheng Liu ◽  
Tianyu Ma ◽  
Mingchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Growth Activity

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, inositol polyphosphate kinase KCS1 but not VIP1 knockout is of great significance for maintaining cell viability, promoting glycolysis metabolism, and inducing mitochondrial damage. The functions of Candida albicans inositol polyphosphate kinases Kcs1 and Vip1 have not yet been studied. In this study, we found that the growth rate of C. albicans vip1Δ/Δ strain in glucose medium was reduced and the upregulation of glycolysis was accompanied by a decrease in mitochondrial activity, resulting in a large accumulation of lipid droplets, along with an increase in cell wall chitin and cell membrane permeability, eventually leading to cell death. Relieving intracellular glycolysis rate or increasing mitochondrial metabolism can reduce lipid droplet accumulation, causing a reduction in chitin content and cell membrane permeability. The growth activity and energy metabolism of the vip1Δ/Δ strains in a non-fermentable carbon source glycerol medium were not different from those of the wild-type strains, indicating that knocking out VIP1 did not cause mitochondria damage. Moreover, C. albicans KCS1 knockout did not affect cell activity and energy metabolism. Thus, in C. albicans, Vip1 is more important than Kcs1 in regulating cell viability and energy metabolism.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Mechanism of Action of the Essential Oil from Amomum kravanh

2014 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
pp. 1740-1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN-RUI DIAO ◽  
LIANG-LIANG ZHANG ◽  
SAI-SAI FENG ◽  
JIAN-GUO XU
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron

Amomum kravanh is widely cultivated and used as a culinary spice. In this work, the chemical composition of the essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of A. kravanh fruits was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and 34 components were identified. 1,8-Cineole (68.42%) was found to be the major component, followed by α-pinene (5.71%), α-terpinene (2.63%), and β-pinene (2.41%). The results of antibacterial tests showed that the sensitivities to the essential oil of different foodborne pathogens tested were different based on the Oxford cup method, MIC, and MBC assays, and the essential oil exhibited the best antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium, and Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium. Growth in the presence of Amomum kravanh at the MIC, as measured by monitoring optical density over time, demonstrated that the essential oil was bacteriostatic after 12 h to both B. subtilis and E. coli. Observations of cell membrane permeability, cell constituent release assay, and transmission electron microscopy indicated that this essential oil may disrupt the cell wall and cell membrane permeability, leading to leakage of intracellular constituents in both B. subtilis and E. coli.

Sarcolemmal permeability changes during early myocardial anoxia

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Ashraf ◽  
L. Landa ◽  
L. Nimmo ◽  
C. M. Bloor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Coronary Artery Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Sarcolemmal Permeability ◽  
Membrane Changes

Following coronary artery occlusion, the myocardial cells lose intracellular enzymes that appear in the serum 3 hrs later. By this time the cells in the ischemic zone have already undergone irreversible changes, and the cell membrane permeability is variably altered in the ischemic cells. At certain stages or intervals the cell membrane changes, allowing release of cytoplasmic enzymes. To correlate the changes in cell membrane permeability with the enzyme release, we used colloidal lanthanum (La+++) as a histological permeability marker in the isolated perfused hearts. The hearts removed from sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with standard Krebs-Henseleit medium gassed with 95% O2 + 5% CO2. The hypoxic medium contained mannitol instead of dextrose and was bubbled with 95% N2 + 5% CO2. The final osmolarity of the medium was 295 M osmol, pH 7. 4.

Recent Advances in 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives as Antibacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 991-1041
Author(s):  
Divya Utreja ◽  
Jagdish Kaur ◽  
Komalpreet Kaur ◽  
Palak Jain
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
New Class ◽  
Triazine Derivatives

Triazine, one of the nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds has attracted the considerable interest of researchers due to the vast array of biological properties such as anti-viral, antitumor, anti-convulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-depressant, herbicidal, insecticidal, fungicidal, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities offered by it. Various antibacterial agents have been synthesized by researchers to curb bacterial diseases but due to rapid development in drug resistance, tolerance and side effects, there had always been a need for the synthesis of a new class of antibacterial agents that would exhibit improved pharmacological action. Therefore, this review mainly focuses on the various methods for the synthesis of triazine derivatives and their antibacterial activity.

scholarly journals Membrane-Interacting DNA Nanotubes Induce Cancer Cell Death

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Samet Kocabey ◽  
Aslihan Ekim Kocabey ◽  
Roger Schneiter ◽  
Curzio Rüegg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Caspase Activity ◽  
Cancer Cell Death ◽  
Modified Dna ◽  
Dna Nanotubes

DNA nanotechnology offers to build nanoscale structures with defined chemistries to precisely position biomolecules or drugs for selective cell targeting and drug delivery. Owing to the negatively charged nature of DNA, for delivery purposes, DNA is frequently conjugated with hydrophobic moieties, positively charged polymers/peptides and cell surface receptor-recognizing molecules or antibodies. Here, we designed and assembled cholesterol-modified DNA nanotubes to interact with cancer cells and conjugated them with cytochrome c to induce cancer cell apoptosis. By flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we observed that DNA nanotubes efficiently bound to the plasma membrane as a function of the number of conjugated cholesterol moieties. The complex was taken up by the cells and localized to the endosomal compartment. Cholesterol-modified DNA nanotubes, but not unmodified ones, increased membrane permeability, caspase activation and cell death. Irreversible inhibition of caspase activity with a caspase inhibitor, however, only partially prevented cell death. Cytochrome c-conjugated DNA nanotubes were also efficiently taken up but did not increase the rate of cell death. These results demonstrate that cholesterol-modified DNA nanotubes induce cancer cell death associated with increased cell membrane permeability and are only partially dependent on caspase activity, consistent with a combined form of apoptotic and necrotic cell death. DNA nanotubes may be further developed as primary cytotoxic agents, or drug delivery vehicles, through cholesterol-mediated cellular membrane interactions and uptake.

Synthesis of novel cationic spermine-conjugated phosphotriester oligonucleotide for improvement of cell membrane permeability

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3610-3615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junsuke Hayashi ◽  
Tomoko Hamada ◽  
Ikumi Sasaki ◽  
Osamu Nakagawa ◽  
Shun-ichi Wada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability

scholarly journals Red Cell Membrane Permeability Deduced from Bulk Diffusion Coefficients

1974 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 706-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Redwood ◽  
E. Rall ◽  
W. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Membrane Permeability ◽  
Diffusion Coefficients ◽  
Bulk Diffusion ◽  
Red Cells ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Column ◽  
Red Cell Membrane ◽  
One Dimensional

The permeability coefficients of dog red cell membrane to tritiated water and to a series of[14C]amides have been deduced from bulk diffusion measurements through a "tissue" composed of packed red cells. Red cells were packed by centrifugation inside polyethylene tubing. The red cell column was pulsed at one end with radiolabeled solute and diffusion was allowed to proceed for several hours. The distribution of radioactivity along the red cell column was measured by sequential slicing and counting, and the diffusion coefficient was determined by a simple plotting technique, assuming a one-dimensional diffusional model. In order to derive the red cell membrane permeability coefficient from the bulk diffusion coefficient, the red cells were assumed to be packed in a regular manner approximating closely spaced parallelopipeds. The local steady-state diffusional flux was idealized as a one-dimensional intracellular pathway in parallel with a one-dimensional extracellular pathway with solute exchange occurring within the series pathway and between the pathways. The diffusion coefficients in the intracellular and extracellular pathways were estimated from bulk diffusion measurements through concentrated hemoglobin solutions and plasma, respectively; while the volume of the extracellular pathway was determined using radiolabeled sucrose. The membrane permeability coefficients were in satisfactory agreement with the data of Sha'afi, R. I., C. M. Gary-Bobo, and A. K. Solomon (1971. J. Gen. Physiol. 58:238) obtained by a rapid-reaction technique. The method is simple and particularly well suited for rapidly permeating solutes.

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