Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaOH pada Deasetilasi Kitin dari Cangkang Udang Putih (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan Aktivitasnya pada Air Gambut

Abstract The potential of shrimp shells as a source of chitosan for the processing of West Kalimantan peat water has been studied. Chitin as a precursor of chitosan was extracted from the shrimp shells by means of deproteination and demineralization processes. Deproteination was performed by suspending the shrimp shells to 3,5% NaOH at 65oC for 4 hours. The demineralization process was done by using 1.5M HCl at the same temperature and time. Difference concentration of NaOH (30 – 70%) was applied in deacetylation of chitin to chitosan in order to obtain informations on the effect of base on chitosan deacetylation degree. The results obtained showed that the higher the concentration of NaOH, the higher the chitosan deacetylation degree. The highest deacetylation degree was obtained when chitin was deacetylation using 70% NaOH with the value of 87.5%. Performance of the chitosan was examined in the peat water treatment process. Some test parameters showed that chitosan added to peat water causes coagulation and flocculation with peat water components. This was indicated by the decreasing in color parameter value of 337 PtCo, the decreasing of organic substances in peat water of 10 mg/L and the increasing of pH value to 7.9. Keywords: chitin, chitosan, coagulation, flocculation, peat water Abstrak Potensi cangkang udang putih sebagai sumber kitosan untuk proses pengolahan air gambut Kalimantan Barat telah dipelajari. Kitin sebagai prekursor dari kitosan diekstrak dari kulit udang putih melalui dua tahap yaitu deproteinasi dan demineralisasi. Deproteinasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan NaOH 3,5% pada suhu 65oC selama 4 jam dan dilanjutkan dengan proses demineralisasi menggunakan HCl 1,5M dengan suhu dan waktu yang sama. Variasi konsentrasi basa NaOH sebesar 30 – 70 % dilakukan pada proses deasetilasi kitin menjadi kitosan guna mendapatkan informasi pengaruh konsentrasi basa terhadap derajat deasetilasi kitosan. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi basa NaOH yang digunakan maka semakin tinggi pula derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang diperoleh. Konversi tertinggi diperoleh ketika kitin dideasetilasi menggunakan NaOH 70% dengan nilai derajat deasetilasi sebesar 87,5%. Performa kitosan hasil deasetilasi terbaik diuji pada proses pengolahan air gambut. Beberapa parameter uji menunjukkan bahwa kitosan yang ditambahkan pada air gambut menyebabkan terjadinya koagulasi dan flokulasi dengan komponen air gambut. Hal ini ditandai dengan menurunnya nilai parameter warna sebesar 337 PtCo kandungan zat organik di dalam air gambut sebesar 10 mg/L dan nilai pH yang meningkat menjadi 7,9. Kata kunci: kitin, kitosan, koagulasi, flokulasi, air gambut

Download Full-text

OPTIMIZATION OF THE DRINKING WATER TREATMENT PROCESS OF A SUGAR PLANT STATION IN COTE DIVOIRE

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 512-524

Author(s):

Konan Lopez Kouame ◽

◽

Nogbou Emmanuel Assidjo ◽

Andre Kone Ariban ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Polynomial Regression ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Raw Water ◽

Water Treatment Process ◽

Jar Test ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation

This article presents an optimization of the drinking water treatment process at the SUCRIVOIRE treatment station. The objective is to optimize the coagulation and flocculation process (fundamental process of the treatment of said plant)by determining the optimal dosages of the products injected and then proposes a program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant in order to automatically determine the optimal dose of the latter according to the raw water quality. This contribution has the advantage of saving the user from any calculations the latter simply enters the characteristics of the raw effluent using the physical interface of the program in order to obtain the optimum corresponding coagulant concentration. For the determination of the optimal coagulant doses, we performed Jar-Test flocculation tests in the laboratory over a period of three months. The results made it possible to set up a polynomial regression model of the optimal dose of alumina sulfate as a function of the raw water parameters. A program for calculating the optimal dose of coagulant was carried out on Visual Basic. The optimal doses of coagulant obtained vary from 25, 35, 40 and 45 mg/l depending on the characteristics of the raw effluent. The model obtained is: . Finally, verification tests were carried out using this model on the process. The results obtained meet the WHO drinkability standards for all parameters for a settling time of two hours.

Download Full-text

Badania możliwości zastosowania materiałów obciążających do wspomagania oczyszczania wód złożowych

Nafta-Gaz ◽

10.18668/ng.2021.04.05 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 255-263

Author(s):

Andrzej Janocha ◽

◽

Dorota Kluk ◽

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Solid Particles ◽

Reservoir Water ◽

Simple Method ◽

Water Treatment Process ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

Before And After ◽

Porosity And Permeability

The article presents the issues related to of the removal of suspensions and sediments from reservoir waters. In the conducted research, particular emphasis was placed on the techniques of using loading materials in the water treatment process. The research materials were four types of reservoir water, which was collected from the separators of wells exploiting natural gas deposits. These waters were characterized by high suspended solids (76–176 mg/dm3) and a varied degree of mineralization. The content of dissolved substances was determined in the range from 401 to 306 428 mg/dm3. The extracted reservoir waters are currently most often utilized by pumping into the absorbing horizons in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs. The preparation of water for injection is limited only to the removal of easily settling solid particles and suspensions present in the extracted formation waters. The porosity and permeability of the deposit rocks determine the size of solid particles present in the water that can be forced into voids in the porous medium. In the process of water treatment by coagulation and flocculation, carried out in laboratory conditions, Flokor ASW was used as a coagulant, while Stabpol was used as a flocculant. Post-coagulation sludge is highly hydrated, so that its density is close to that of water, as a result of which sedimentation of sludge particles takes a long time. In order to increase the sedimentation rate of particles contained in the treated waters, ballasting materials, which were quartz sand and bentonites: powdery bentonite and bentonite preparation DuoBent 1, were successively introduced into the solutions. The effectiveness of the water treatment process was assessed by comparing the degree of turbidity of the solution above the sediment before and after adding a different amount of coagulant, flocculant and sediment-balancing materials. The turbidity measurement of the tested solutions allows to estimate the content of suspensions and colloids in them. Laboratory tests were carried out on the possibility of using selected materials ballasting suspensions in the process of reservoir water treatment. Effective doses of ballast materials recommended for use in the separation of suspensions from formation waters were determined. Research results presented in this paper show that the removal of suspended solids from formation waters can be carried out with the use of a properly prepared bentonite agent (DuoBent 1) with no need of adding other chemical compounds. The doses of the DuoBent 1 bentonite preparation, dosed into highly mineralized reservoir waters in order to remove turbidity, are relatively small. Adding bentonite into the treated waters in amounts exceeding 0.2 g/dm3 results in obtaining high clarity of the water intended for injection (turbidity at the level of 0–5 FAU). The results of the research can be implemented for practical use as a simple method of purifying reservoir water prior to injection into the formation.

Download Full-text

Utilization of Moringa oleifera as Natural Coagulant for Water Purification

Industrial and Domestic Waste Management ◽

10.53623/idwm.v1i1.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Meng Hong Ng ◽

Mohamed Soliman Elshikh

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Turbidity Removal ◽

Natural Coagulant ◽

Water Treatment Process ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

Natural Coagulants ◽

Moringa Oleifera Seed

The plant-based natural coagulant has the potential to substitute the chemical coagulant in the water treatment process. In this work, the potential of plant-based natural coagulants in the ability of turbidity removal was identified. The Moringa oleifera seed was selected for the batch analysis test such as pH, contact time, agitation, and dosage. The high alkaline water decreases the effectiveness of plant-based natural coagulants. The agitation and contact time show the importance of the coagulation process. The optimum turbidity removal rate in pH is 4, the contact time is 60 seconds and 3000 seconds for coagulation and flocculation, respectively, the agitation is 300 RPM and 30 RPM for coagulation and flocculation, and lastly, the dosage is 10 g of Moringa oleifera seed. Finally, the plant-based natural coagulants demonstrated the ability to remove turbidity and could be used in place of chemical coagulants.

Download Full-text

Development and Potential Application of a Method for the Prediction and Assessment of the Seepage Water Quality

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.20-21.209 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 20-21 ◽

pp. 209-212

Author(s):

F. Glombitza ◽

J. Pinka ◽

S. Kutschke ◽

E. Janneck ◽

R. Kahnt

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Water Quality ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Ph Value ◽

Drainage Water ◽

Low Ph ◽

Seepage Water ◽

Mining Sites ◽

Water Treatment Process

Piles and dumps in mining sites of lignite and ore mines very often generate drainage water with a low pH value. Furthermore they are contaminated with heavy metals or radionuclides. A comprehensive sustainable remediation and / or a water treatment process requires an assessment of the water quality and the determination of the future development thereof. This, in turn, requires prediction of the microbial processes which are responsible for the release of heavy metals and radionuclides. The paper deals with the demonstration of a suitable method for the prediction of these reactions and water quality.

Download Full-text

Coagulation and flocculation of stormwater from a separate sewer system – a new possibility for enhanced treatment

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1994.0624 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 267-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Bernd Heinzmann

Keyword(s):

Treatment Process ◽

Ph Value ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Sewer System ◽

Adequate Treatment ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

Receiving Waters ◽

The Cost ◽

Polyaluminium Chloride

With the upgrading of the wastewater treatment plants in Berlin, the significance of stormwater as a loading factor for receiving waters increases. Therefore it is important to ensure an adequate treatment of the stormwater from a separate sewer system. The preliminary tests have shown that for a coagulation and flocculation of the weakly buffered and very soft stormwater polyaluminium chloride (with a share of cationic flocculant aid), which reacts less acidic, is especially suitable. The optimum dose is 0.06 mmol/l Al3+, whereby the pH value has never fallen below 6. The colloids (as a rule a negative charge) have been destabilized by the mechanism of adsorption coagulation. Sometimes the mechanism of sweep coagulation came into operation. In the pilot plant investigations it was possible to work with a constant dosage of polyaluminium chloride because the pH value and the acid combining capacity during the stormwater flow remained relatively unchanged. The best enhanced stormwater treatment process is coagulation and flocculation in a pipe designed for both microfloc and macrofloc formation and separation by filtration. In this case, in particular phosphate, organic compounds, filterable solids and anthropogenic substances, e.g. lead (a high portion of which comes into receiving waters in Berlin by stormwater) and copper could be removed. These results indicate that, in general, this process works more efficiently than a stormwater tank where only particles can settle. The results were basically used for a draft concept for enhanced treatment of stormwater runoff from the motorway Avus in Berlin. The following treatment process should be implemented: coagulation and flocculation in pipes, sedimentation, filtration and percolation into the underground. Through the storage of stormwater before treatment a smaller treatment plant can be constructed and problems due to flow variations may be avoided. The storage should take place in a stormwater drainage system with a larger than normal volume. The cost for this treatment concept is approximately 10 % to 40 % higher than the cost of the treatment in a stormwater tank.

Download Full-text

Study on the impact of pre-sedimentation and consequently optimization of alum dose in water treatment process

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2014.046 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 417-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamal Uddin Ahamad ◽

Debaraj Bailung Sonowal ◽

Vivek Kumar ◽

Neeraj Nikhil ◽

Nirab Medhi

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Point Of View ◽

Economic Point ◽

Water Treatment Process ◽

Coagulation And Flocculation ◽

Coagulant Dosage ◽

Solids Removal ◽

The Impact

Coagulation and flocculation processes are used to separate the suspended solids portion from water. However, coagulation–flocculation and sedimentation only are not sufficient in modern practices as nowadays every process is being viewed through an economic point of view. The present work aims to study the impact of pre-sedimentation on optimum coagulant dosage of raw water taken from a lake located at Tezpur University. Alum was used with the aim of determining its optimum doses at optimum pH and alkalinity. The influence of seasonal variation of pH and alkalinity on the coagulation dosages was studied and conditions were optimized corresponding to the best removal of turbidity. For raw and settled water the optimum alum dose obtained was 35–40 and 25–30 mg/L, respectively, clearly showing the impact of pre-sedimentation on optimization of alum dose and thereby economizing the water treatment process. Results indicated up to 98.67% removal of turbidity of water sample which had undergone pre-sedimentation process. A correlation has been developed between overall suspended solids removal and overall turbidity removal which can help in quickly estimating overall suspended solids removal using turbidity data.

Download Full-text

Contactless Monitoring of Water Treatment Process Using Quartz Oscillator Based Liquid Sensor

IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines ◽

10.1541/ieejsmas.140.251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 140 (10) ◽

pp. 251-255

Author(s):

Akira Yoshida ◽

Yu Oguro ◽

Masayuki Sohgawa ◽

Takashi Abe

Keyword(s):

Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Water Treatment Process ◽

Quartz Oscillator

Download Full-text

PEMANFAATAN KAYU AKASIA MANGIUM (Acacia mangium Willd) UNTUK MEBEL

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v4i1.1195 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Djoko Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Acacia Mangium ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Wood Fibers ◽

Test Parameters ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Scale Scores

Timber Acacia mangium (Acacia mangium, Willd) for Furniture. The study aims to determine the mechanical and physical properties and the decorative value (color and fiber) wood of acacia mangium with using finishing materials. This type of finishing material used is ultran lasur natural dof ,ultran lasur classic teak, aqua politur clear dof, aqua politur akasia dan aqua politur cherry. After finishing the wood is stored for 3 months. Test parameters were observed, namely, physical and mechanical properties of wood, adhesion of finishing materials, color and appearance of the fiber, and timber dimensions expansion. The results showed that the mechanical physical properties of acacia wood qualified SNI. 01-0608-89 about the physical and mechanical properties of wood for furniture, air dry the moisture content from 13.78 to 14.89%, flexural strength from 509.25 to 680.50 kg/cm2, and compressive strength parallel to fiber 342.1 - 412.9 kg/cm2. Finishing the treatment process using five types of finishing materials can increase the decorative value (color and fiber) wood. Before finishing the process of acacia mangium wood has the appearance of colors and fibers and less attractive (scale scores 2-3), after finishing acacia wood fibers have the appearance of colors and interesting and very interesting (scale 4-5).Keywords: mangium wood, mechanical properties, decorative value, finishing, furniture.

Download Full-text