scholarly journals Analysis of Clean Water Treatment with Slow Sand Filter Using Beach Sand and Quartz Sand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 072
Author(s):  
Bintang Saptanty Artidarma ◽  
Laili Fitria ◽  
Hendri Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Beach Sand ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Slow Sand Filter

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the quality of Kapuas River water before and after processing and to analyze the comparative effectiveness of beach sand and quartz sand in slow sand filters with the thickness is 110 cm for processing Kapuas River water. The research method that used is the down flow method. The parameters that measured were pH, Turbidity, TDS, Organic Substances, Fe, and Total Coliform. The initial pH parameter is 5.6 and the results of filtering with beach sand 1, beach sand 2, silica sand 1, and silica sand 2 are 7; 6.9; 7,1; 6.9. The initial turbidity parameter was 35.2 and the filtering result are 1.21; 1.7; 16.0; 2.87. The initial TDS parameter was 122.4 and the filtering result was 90.5; 88.1; 127.5; 80.5. The initial Organic Substance parameter was 102.71 and the result after filtering was 77.92; 63.82; 98.99; 98.17. Keywords: beach sand, clean water, slow sand filter, quartz sand AbstrakTujuan Penelitian ini untuk menganalisa kualitas Air Sungai Kapuas sebelum maupun sesudah pengolahan dan menganalisa perbandingan efektivitas pasir pantai dan pasir kuarsa pada Saringan Pasir Lambat (SPL) dengan ketebalan 110 cm dalam mengolah air Sungai Kapuas. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode down flow. Parameter yang diukur adalah pH, Kekeruhan, TDS, Zat Organik, Kadar Fe, dan Total Coliform. Parameter pH awal 5,6 dan hasil penyaringan dengan pasir pantai 1, pasir pantai 2, pasir silika 1, dan pasir silika 2 adalah 7; 6,9; 7,1; 6,9. Parameter Kekeruhan awal 35,2 dan hasil penyaringan adalah 1,21; 1,7; 16,0; 2,87. Parameter TDS awal 122,4 dan hasil penyaringan adalah 90,5; 88,1; 127,5; 80,5. Parameter Zat Organik awal 102,71 dan hasil penyaringan adalah 77,92; 63,82; 98,99; 98,17. Kata Kunci: air bersih, pasir kuarsa, pasir pantai, saringan pasir lambat

scholarly journals Teknologi pengolahan air gambut menjadi air bersih dengan sistem koagulan dan filtrasi di Desa Buluh Cina, Kecamatan Siak Hulu, Kampar

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 325-332
Author(s):  
Juandi Juandi M ◽  
Usman Malik ◽  
Salomo Salomo ◽  
Antonius Surbakti
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Optimal Filtration ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Filtration Technology

The abundant peat water in Buluh Cina Village, Siak Hulu Subdistrict, Kampar is a natural potential that can be used for cooking and bathing purposes by processing peat water into clean water that is suitable for consumption. The purpose of this service activity is to treat peat water into clean water. The method used in this service activity is using coagulant and filtration technology. The optimal filtration and coagulant media used for peat water treatment consists of biosand filters with two media namely pumice and quartz sand. The dedication results reduce turbidity and color of peat water and reduce organic content, so that peat water is processed into clean drinking water. The lowest pH value before filtering is equal to 5.93 and the highest pH is found before filtering which is 6.23. This means that before filtering peat water is weak acidic. The lowest sample results after filtration with a slow sand filter that is equal to 6.42 and the highest pH after filtration of 7.5, which means that water is weakly basic. A good pH limit for water is 6.5 to 8.5 so this service proves that slow sand filters are considered effective enough to optimize water pH. Total dissolved solids (TDS) is one of the parameters for determining water quality, TDS shows the amount of solute solids in water. The result of peat water TDS is that the lowest TDS value before filtration is 46 mg / L and the highest TDS is found before filtering which is 49 mg/L. The lowest sample results after filtration with slow sand filter is 49 mg / L and the highest TDS after filtering is 83 mg/L.

scholarly journals The design of slow sand filter with a media of silica sand and granular activated carbon to eliminate iron, manganese, and fecal coliform contents for the Faculty of Nursing in Universitas Indonesia’s CWPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Adrian Wasistoadi Budiarto ◽  
Fairuz Tsania ◽  
Irma Gusniani ◽  
Djoko M. Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
The Media ◽  
Water Provision ◽  
Iron Manganese

The Faculty of Nursing of Universitas Indonesia in Depok uses groundwater as the source of clean water in a large amount: 2.115.240 liters in 2018 and 22.010.960 liters in 2019. One of the alternatives for reducing groundwater use is to utilize surface water in the surrounding area of the campus, such as Lake Agathis. For the lake water to be used as the source of clean water, it needs to be processed first using a clean water provision system (CWPS). The CWPS is designed to contain two slow sand filter units, with the media consisting of 60 cm-thick silica sand and 40 cm-thick granular activated carbon in each unit. The CWPS is also equipped with one unit of shore intake, two units of suction well, one transmission duct, one unit of disinfectant and reservoir, and two filter media cleaning units. Based on a literature review from several journals and the results from this experiment, the designed slow sand filter with the previously determined thickness can reduce iron contents by 95,07%, manganese contents by 97,09%, and fecal coliform contents by 99%. The designed CWPS can serve the needs of clean water of the faculty described before with a debit of 3,8 L/s until the year 2042.

Slow sand filtration pre-treatment with alum is efficient, but is it effective?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Dorea
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Scale Field ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Run Lengths

Enhancing the performance of slow sand filter pre-treatment with alum (i.e. direct or contact filtration) has been proposed as an alternative to overcome limitations of conventional gravel (roughing) pre-filtration. Experimental results revealed high turbidity reduction efficiencies in alum-dosed pre-filtration. However, due to the alum coagulation, the nature of the particulates in the pre-treatment effluent changed and had a potential to shorten the downstream slow sand filter run lengths by approximately 50% under the conditions tested. Hence, depending on the effluent turbidity levels the effectiveness of the alum-dosed pre-treatment could be compromised, despite its high efficiency. Relatively low turbidity levels (<2 NTU) were needed to minimise excessive headloss development in alum-dosed filters. However, the necessary resources to achieve such process control may not be available in developing country contexts. Furthermore, full-scale field experiences indicated the limited effectiveness of alum dosing prior to slow sand filters and the difficulties in maintaining an adequate chemical dosing in under-resourced settings.

Removal of particulates, natural organic matters, and microorganisms in a surface amended slow sand filter

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
H.-B. Jun ◽  
Y.-J. Lee ◽  
S.-S. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Turbidity Removal ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Organic Matters ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Natural Organic Matters ◽  
Filter Bed

Removal characteristics of particulates, natural organic matters, and microorganisms with six slow sand filter units were measured with a diameter of 50 mm and packed with sand to a depth of 50, 150, 300, 600, and two 700 mm, respectively. One of the 700 mm depth filters was amended by covering the surface of the filter bed with a prefilter. The raw water turbidity and pH was in the range of 1.5-2.0 NTU, and 7.0-7.7, respectively. Turbidity in each filter effluent was decreased as the depth of filter medium increased. However, a greater part of influent turbidity was removed within the top layer of the slow sand filters. Turbidity removal in the 700 mm depth filter with prefilter was similar to that without the prefilter, however, the removal of particles smaller than 2 mm was improved with the prefilter. The particles greater than 10 mm could be removed within the upper 50 mm depth in the slow sand filter. A greater fraction of the particles smaller than 2 mm was removed within the upper 50 mm, however, they were also removed in the deeper sand bed. The removal efficiency of DBP precursors represented by DOC and UV-254 absorbance was 9.2-31% and 2-31%, respectively. pH drop in the 50 mm depth filter was 0.12, while that in the 700 mm depth filter was 0.19. The effects of surface treatment with prefilter on UVA and DOC were not apparent.

scholarly journals Pengujian Filter Fisik (Slow Sand Filter) Untuk Menurunkan Kadar Pestisida Golongan Organoklorin

SoilREns ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siska Rasiska ◽  
Aditya Bintan Pratama ◽  
Fitri Widiantini
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Pesticide Level ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Sand And Gravel

Organochlorine pesticide is one of the pesticide that has high persistency and toxic. One of the attempt to degrade organochlorine pesticide using cheaper and easier way is using the slow sand filter technology. The research aimed to test the slow sand filter and to obtain the best filter media combination for degrading organochlorine pesticide. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Pesticide and Toxicology, Laboratory of Plant Protection Biotechnology and Laboratory of Chemical and Soil Fertility, Faculty of Agriculutre, Padjadjaran Univeristy from December 2016 – May 2017. The experimental design used the observative and descriptive design with 8 treatments and repeated twice. P1 (activated carbon and gravel), P2 (sand and gravel), P3 (silica sand and gravel), P4 (activated carbon and zeolite), P5 (sand and zeolite), P6 (silica sand and zeolite), P7 (activated carbon, silica sand and zeolite), P8 (activated carbon, sand and gravel). The result showed that all treatments of slow sand filter were able to degrade organochlorine pesticide and the best filter media combination was from P7 with ability to degrade the pesticide level by 82,86%.Key words: slow sand filter, activated carbon, silica sand, sand, gravel, zeolite

scholarly journals PEMETAAN TINGKAT PENCEMARAN AIR SUNGAI SIAK SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH MELALUI SISTEM FILTRASI DENGAN 2 KALI PENYARINGAN BERDASARKAN PARAMETER FISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
M. YANUAR PRASETYO ◽  
Riad Syech ◽  
Usman Malik
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Filtration Process ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Sample Points ◽  
Area North

Abstrak Telah dilakukan pemetaan tingkat pencemaran air sungai siak sebelum dan sesudah melalui sistem filtrasi dengan 2 kali penyaringan berdasarkan parameter fisis. Pemetaan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai Konduktivitas, TDS, dan nilai pH dari sampel air yang diambil dibadan air sungai siak, baik sebelum dan setelah proses filtrasi menggunakan saringan pasir lambat yang dibuat dengan bahan utama pasir kuarsa, batu zeolit, batu bioring, arang, busa penyaring dan kerikil. Pengambilan sampel air dilakukan di atas permukaan air Sungai Siak pada 2 sisi sungai yaitu daerah sebelah Utara Sungai Siak di Kecamatan Rumbai Pesisir diambil sebanyak 15 titik sampel, dan sebelah Selatan Sungai Siak di Kecamatan Senapelan diambil sebanyak 15 titik sampel. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan konduktiviti meter, dan pH meter, sementara nilai TDS diperoleh melalui perhitungan menggunakan nilai konduktivitas. Hasil pengukuran 30 titik sampel sebelum proses filtrasi menunjukkan daerah B dengan nilai konduktivitas rata-rata 41,3µS/cm, dan nilai TDS rata-rata 26,45mg/L memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah dari daerah A yang memiliki nilai konduktivitas rata-rata 63,93µS/cm dan nilai TDS rata-rata 40,9mg/L. Setelah proses filtrasi dilakukan nilai konduktivitas rata-rata sampel daerah A naik menjadi 204,7µS/cm dan daerah B naik menjadi 156,3µS/cm, kenaikan yang sama terjadi untuk parameter TDS, dan pH. Peningkatan nilai konduktivitas, TDS, dan pH masih berada dibawah ambang batas sehingga sistem filtrasi dengan 2 kali penyaringan berhasil mengubah air Sungai Siak menjadi air bersih.  Abstract Mapping of the level of pollution of Siak river has been carried out before and after through the filtration system with 2 times of filtering based on physical parameters. Mapping is done based on the conductivity value, TDS, and pH value of water samples taken in the Siak river water, both before and after the filtration process using a slow sand filter made with the main ingredients of quartz sand, zeolite stones, bioring stones, charcoal, filter foam and gravel. Water sampling was carried out on the surface of the Siak River on 2 sides of the river: the area north of the Siak River in Rumbai Pesisir District was taken as many as 15 sample points, and south of the Siak River in Senapelan District was taken as many as 15 sample points. Measurements were made using conductivity meters and pH meters, while TDS values were obtained through calculations using conductivity values. The measurement results of 30 sample points before the filtration process showed area B with an average conductivity value of 41.3 µS / cm, and an average TDS value of 26.45 mg / L had a lower value than region A which had an average conductivity value of 63 , 93µS / cm and an average TDS value of 40.9 mg / L. After the filtration process the average conductivity value of the sample area A increased to 204.7 µS / cm and area B increased to 156.3 µS / cm, the same increase occurred for the TDS parameters, and pH. Increasing the conductivity, TDS, and pH values are still below the threshold so that the filtration system with 2 times of filtering succeeded in changing the Siak River water into clean water.

scholarly journals Studi Higiene Sanitasi Makanan Dengan Pemeriksaan Escherichia coli Air Pencucian dan Peralatan Makan Di Pujasera X

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulianti Pratama ◽  
Nadya Almira Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Based ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Bacterial Transmission ◽  
Food Sanitation

Food sanitation is one of the methods used to protect food from contamination, maintain quality, and prevent potential bacterial transmission. This research was conducted to observe potential diseases caused by the microbiological quality of clean water for household use. MPN method was used to compare the quality of clean water based on the Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 416 Tahun 1990. Swab method was implemented to observe the hygiene level of the cutlery to compare with the Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 1098 Tahun 2003. 79/100 ml of total coliform found in tenant 1 and tenant 2 which means it did not meet the standards. Escherichia coli were found absent in both clean water sources. The same result comes from 2 samples of plates and spoons before and after the first usage and second usage. In tenant 2, Escherichia coli were found in plate sample no.1 before usage and the clerk’s hands before serving the food. Hence, it did not meet the standards. Based on the interviews and observations, the sanitation hygiene of the clerks and the physical hygiene of tenant 1 and tenant 2 had only fulfilled 61.9% and 57.1% of proper hygiene, so it needed to be improved.

Characterization of Particles in Slow Sand Filtration at North Caribou Water Treatment Plant

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Gorczyca ◽  
David London
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Plant Design ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Particle Counter ◽  
Filter Performance ◽  
Slow Sand Filter

Abstract Microscopic analysis of particles in water can indicate the size of filter media required, and can be used to monitor filter performance. This study investigated a malfunctioning slow sand filter in a water treatment facility on a First Nations community in Northern Ontario. There has been a boil-water advisory in the community due to high turbidity in the drinking water since the plant was put into operation. Also, the slow sand filters in the plant clog frequently resulting in outflow volumes significantly below the plant design capacity. On-line particle counts and microscopic analysis of water were conducted in the plant at various points before and after the slow sand filters. Microscopic analysis of the slow sand filter effluent showed that the high water turbidity was due to an increased concentration of particles smaller than 2 µm in size. This observation could not have been made with the particle counter data alone, as it is not capable of measuring particles of that size. Visual inspection of microscopic images of these small particles indicated that they were being washed out from the filter media, and did not originate from the raw water. Significant numbers of large filter-clogging diatoms (up to 50 µm in size) were identified under the microscope; yet, the particle counter did not report particles larger than 15 µm in raw water supply. Turbidimeters and particle counters were found to be unable to identify these diatoms, due to the transparent nature of the cell walls of these microorganisms. It is likely that most of these diatoms originated from sediment accumulated in the raw water intake pipe.

Protection layers for the extension of slow sand filter running times in wastewater reuse

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-309
Author(s):  
H.-J. Mälzer ◽  
R. Gimbel
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Sand Layer ◽  
Sand Filters ◽  
Sand Filter ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Slow Sand Filter ◽  
Surface Filtration

The running time of slow sand filters in wastewater reuse is limited by the increase of pressure drop which is mainly caused by the surface filtration of suspended solids. Surface filtration mechanisms on the top of filter sand layer can be avoided e.g. by protection layers. Choosing suitable materials for protection layers a considerable extension of slow sand filter running times can be achieved.

scholarly journals River Water Purifier as an Alternative for Clean Water Supply in Sei Siarti Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhanbatu Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-264
Author(s):  
Azhari Hasibuan ◽  
Tulus Ikhsan Nasution ◽  
Koko Sujatmoko ◽  
Astrid Fauzia Dewinta
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
River Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
High Salt Content ◽  
Salty Taste ◽  
The Village

Sei Siarti Village, Panai Tengah District, Labuhanbatu Regency have problems in the form of limited clean water sources that are suitable for use. There are several potentials including peat water, drilled well water, and Barumun river water that crosses the village. The condition of peat water that does not comply with quality standards for water that is fit for consumption has a brownish color, high acidity, and the organic matter contained in peat water is high enough to cause an odor. The well water has a salty taste (high salt content) so that what has the potential is Barumun river water even though it has a cloudy color. The method used to purify cloudy river water is through the processes of coagulation (deposition), filtration (filtering), absorption (absorption), and adsorption (ion exchange). This water purifier is made using 2 tubes filled with silica sand, MGS, activated carbon, and zeolite sand so that the water produced is clear and fit for consumption and can be utilized by the surrounding community. The results obtained from this water purification are water that does not have a smell, taste, and is clear in color so that it is suitable for use by the surrounding community

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