scholarly journals Influence of professional and business goals and the source of financing on the status of the subject of a business trip

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
E. D. Zotov
Keyword(s):  
System Development ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Business Meetings ◽  
Business Goals ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mice Industry ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

The article considers the main approaches to the definition of the concept of “business traveler” and its relationship with the system of business tourism. The paper investigates approaches to the definition of business tourism and determines the internal subject field regarding the system of business tourism in Russia. The author reveals the main types of business tourism. The study describes in detail the stages of the formation of business tourism in the world and in Russia over the past 30 years of development. The publication formulates the most typical goals of the business travel system. The article analyses the relationship of the business travel system with the MICE industry and its impact on the organization of business meetings, congresses and exhibitions. The paper describes the options of business travel and business travel carried out within the framework of business tourism activities. The author reveals the inner content of the MICE-industry of business tourism. The study gives the characteristics of the main components of the MICE industry. The paper analyses the differences between business tourism and business travel for cultural and entertainment purposes. The author formulates the current tasks of the MICE industry and the business travel system development. 

scholarly journals Identification and Characterization of Satellite DNAs in Poa L.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linna Wei ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Chunping Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Xiaoxia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Hybridization Intensity ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Rdna Fish ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract BackgroundPoa L is a large genus of grass in Gramineae, among which P. pratensis is widely cultivated as turf and forage. Satellite DNA is the main components of the plant genome. Information of satellites will helpful for dissection the genome composition and definition of the phylogeny relationship of these species. However, the knowledge about the satellites in genus Poa is still limited.ResultsFour satellite DNAs were identified using the Repeat Explorer pipeline in HiSeq Illumina reads from diploid plants in P. malaca (2n = 26). Two satellites showed high similarity with the previously identified PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, whereas two others are newly identified with the monomer of 326bp (Poa-326) and 353bp (Poa-353) respectively. The clone DNAs of PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, and oligonucleotides designed representing satellites Poa-326 and Poa-353 were probed to test on chromosomes across 13 Poa speceis with different polyploidy level by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). PpTr-1, PpTr-3, and Poa-362 were stably positioned in the subtelomeric regions in nearly all species with the variation of hybridization sites number. However, Poa-353 showed different FISH patterns of multiple regions with the variation of hybridization intensity and distribution sites across species. In addition, 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were used to characterize the genome of the Poa species. Four rDNA FISH patterns were revealed in the tested species.ConclusionFour identified satellite were high conservable across Poa species. Genome distribution of these satellites can be characterized by FISH. The variation of satellite DNAs and rDNA chromosomal distributions between species provide useful information for phylogenetic analysis in genus Poa.

scholarly journals Identification and characterization of satellite DNAs in Poa L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linna Wei ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Chunping Zhang ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Xiaoxia Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
5S Rdna ◽  
Plant Genome ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Hybridization Intensity ◽  
Large Genus ◽  
Multiple Regions ◽  
Rdna Fish ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Poa L. is a large genus of grass in Gramineae, among which P. pratensis is widely cultivated as turf and forage. Satellite DNA is the main components of the plant genome. Information of satellites will helpful for dissection the genome composition and definition of the phylogeny relationship of these species. However, the knowledge about the satellites in genus Poa is still limited. Results Four satellite DNAs were identified using the Repeat Explorer pipeline in HiSeq Illumina reads from diploid plants in P. malaca (2n = 26). Two satellites showed high similarity with the previously identified PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, whereas two others are newly identified with the monomer of 326 bp (Poa-326) and 353 bp (Poa-353) respectively. The clone DNAs of PpTr-1 and PpTr-3, and oligonucleotides designed representing satellites Poa-326 and Poa-353 were probed to test on chromosomes across 13 Poa speceis with different polyploidy level by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). PpTr-1, PpTr-3, and Poa-362 were stably positioned in the subtelomeric regions in nearly all species with the variation of hybridization sites number. However, Poa-353 showed different FISH patterns of multiple regions with the variation of hybridization intensity and distribution sites across species. In addition, 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA were used to characterize the genome of the Poa species. Four rDNA FISH patterns were revealed in the tested species. Conclusion Four identified satellite were high conservable across Poa species. Genome distribution of these satellites can be characterized by FISH. The variation of satellite DNAs and rDNA chromosomal distributions between species provide useful information for phylogenetic analysis in genus Poa.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN DIKSI PADA PASAL 480 TENTANG POLEMIK RANCANGAN UNDANG-UNDANG KUHP (RUU KUHP) DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86
Author(s):  
Ririn Indraswari
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Law ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Husband And Wife

The rejection of the RKUHP is voiced throughout the country. In the demands of students, the RKUHP was canceled. The emergence of RKUHP became a controversy so there was a lot of resistance from the community. One of the bills is expanding the definition of rape. In RKUHP, rape occurs as long as there is male to female violence. "Including rape and criminal offenses as referred to in paragraph (1) includes acts of: a. Intercourse with someone with his consent, because the person believes that the person is a legitimate husband / wife". Thus reads Article 480 paragraph 2 ". That definition, a husband can rape his wife. With the condition that the wife does not want to have intercourse and the husband will use violence When compared to the Criminal Code used today, there has been a shift in the definition of rape. Because, "rape" in the RKUHP can be done by a legitimate partner. While in the Penal Code, rape occurs when the perpetrators and victims are not bound by marriage. The method used is the use of diction in the written language. Formulation of the problem 1) How is the husband and wife's response to the polemic of RKUHP article 480. 2) How is the use of the rape diction in the Law? The results of the study can be concluded that, the responses of some respondents with the status of husband and wife are not supportive of the ratification of the Act, because there is no word of rape in marital ties, and has been regulated by the law on sexual violence in the household. The use of diction section article 480 in terms of accuracy, accuracy, harmony is not fully applied to the criteria for using diction. In the controversy article 480 verse 2 that uses the word multi-interpretation it should be reviewed. The word rape, including the popular diction, is inappropriate for article 480 paragraph 2. According to the government RKUHP article 480 paragraph 2 is an article that protects women. But the reader's point of view, in the relationship of husband and wife there is no term raping.

Community Interests in International Migration and Refugee Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tally Kritzman-Amir
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Refugee Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Common ◽  
International Refugee Law ◽  
Broad Interpretation ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter takes a closer look at some of the main components of international refugee law and some of the recent European practices in order to see how they resonate the notion of community obligation and convey a commitment to the common protection of human rights, in a way that deviates from a purely consent-based conception of the norms. It addresses four main points: (1) a broad interpretation of the definition of refugee in the convention relating to the status of refugees as an expression of a notion of community obligation; (2) non-refoulement as an expression of a notion of community obligation; (3) the duty to refrain from rejecting asylum-seekers at the border as an expression of a notion of community obligation; and (4) responsibility sharing as an expression of a community obligation.

scholarly journals The Legal Nature of Interrelations between a Deputy and Voters within the Framework of the Historical Development of Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Alla N. Gutorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Democratic Principles ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

There are actual problems connected with definition of the legal nature of the delegate’s mandate are considered in this article. Interaction of the delegate with voters largely determined determine by the legal nature of delegate’s mandate. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of the delegate and voters in the system of people’s representation in the Soviet period of development of our country. In most constitutions of foreign countries, a norm has been enshrined that characterizes the nature of the relationship between delegate and voters. In the Constitution of the Russian Federation, such a norm is absent, and it has not found its fixing either in federal or in regional legislation. The official interpretation of the nature of the delegate mandate by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation was not given. Therefore, to justify and understand the legal nature of the delegate mandate in the Russian Federation, it is necessary to analyze the state of this issue in the Soviet period. Despite the fact that the Soviet period gravitated to the imperative nature of the delegate mandate, nevertheless, only certain components of the imperative mandate were fixed in the legislation. In the “late Soviet” period, very democratic principles were enshrined in the legislation, but the question of the nature of the delegate mandate was not properly updated. Civil society during this period of time was more interested in the very right to participate in elections and the possibility of actually replacing a delegate mandate. In this connection, the status of deputies continued to “act by inertia”. Normative consolidation was found by all the main components of the imperative mandate, in connection with which, the idea of a “free” mandate is practically not traced.

scholarly journals EVERYDAY LIFE OF SIBERIAN JOURNALISTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY: METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
N. N. Rodigina ◽  
I. S. Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Definition Of

The  article  substantiates  the  relevance  of  studying  the  everyday  life of the Siberian journalists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries. The authors offer approaches to its study, determine the content of basic concepts.A combination of several not internally contradictory approaches to the study of everyday life of the professional community of journalists in the provinces of the Russian Empire located behind the Urals seems to be productive.First, we relate the topic of our research interests with subject field of anthropology of  professions,  which  are  characterized  by  attention  to  issues  about  the  criteria for belonging to the professional community, assessment of the status of the profession by professionals and society, relations between different actors within the professional group, conflicts and forms of self-organization of professionals.Second, the topic requires an appeal to the works of historians of everyday life. The definition   of   the   subject   area   of   everyday   life   by   N.   L.   Pushkareva and S. V. Ljubichansky  as  well  as  theoretical  provisions  by  A.  Ludtke  are  used as a baseline. In relation to the reality under study, the concepts of «journalists» and «Siberian journalist» are revealed, come conclusions about the specificity of formation of socioprofessional group of Siberian journalists in the second half of XIX – early XX centuries are made. 

The study of function in behavioural ecology

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innes Cuthill
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Behavioural Ecology ◽  
Determine Function ◽  
The Status ◽  
Selective Forces ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Why Questions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Current Utility

AbstractIn 1963, a landmark paper by Niko Tinbergen laid out the aims and methods of ethology and, in so doing, extended and clarified Julian Huxley's classification of the different ways in which one can investigate biological processes. I discuss the status of one of these "four Why questions", that of function or survival value, and the relationship of Tinbergen's ethology to behavioural ecology, the main field asking functional questions about animal behaviour today. Function itself can be defined in many different ways and behavioural ecologists themselves use it both in the context of current utility and selective history. I review these definitions in the light of analyses by philosophers of science, behavioural ecologists and, of course, Tinbergen's own use of the word. I defend the view, accepted by many philosophers of science, that the definition of 'function' must have a historical component, both to avoid teleology and to retain the everyday sense of questioning 'What is it for?' That said, in reviewing the different methods that can be used to determine function, I defend the view that investigations of current utility, as practised by behavioural ecologists, can provide the most important clues to the selective forces that have shaped behaviours. Finally, I consider the evolution of the discipline of behavioural ecology, its current status and future prospects.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

COMPETENCE APPROACH IN EUROPEAN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION: ESSENCE AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS (ARCHETYPAL ASPECT)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (14) ◽  
pp. 132-143
Author(s):  
Martha Ivanivna Karpa
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
European Public ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Definition Of

The article reveals the main features of the competence approach in the practice of European public administration. The features of the competence approach in public administration are determined on the basis of analysis of the basic concepts of public administration. In the dynamics of the formation and development of popular theories of interaction between state and local authorities, such as the theory of a free community, community (public) and public and state (the theory of municipal dualism), we can trace a number of characteristic features of a competency approach, which manifests itself both through the general theoretical relations and manifestations, and through the practice of coexistence of public authorities. There is a problem of definition and distribution of public functions as a prerequisite for defining and shaping the competences of public institutions. An important issue in the context of a competent approach is the institutional consolidation of functions in the context of the existence of the basic models of territorial organization of power. In each of the varieties of the Governance concept (Responsive Governance concept, Democratic Governance concept, Good Governance concept), the specifics of the use of competencies are defined. The archetypal symbols in the European public administration are singled out using the analysis of competence in public administration in its main constituents. A brief description of the archetypal aspect of European public administration is given. The main components of competence are shown in connection with the existing archetypal symbols and the characteristic trends of their development. Their connection is shown according to the scheme “the entity component (who?) — the object component (what?) — the administrative component (how?) — the basis (in what environment?)”. Concerning the trends of development of a competence approach in the context of practice and theory of public administration, it is determined that modern concepts of public administration are characterized by shifting the balance between state and public institutions to the sphere of common goals and tasks, and thus responsibility. The joint activity of all subjects of society requires new forms of cooperation, definition of the spheres and subjects of each entity’s activity for effective cooperation, distribution of functions and competences of the entities, formation and consolidation of their status characteristics.

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