Anomalously High Proton Conduction of Interfacial Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Artemov ◽  
Ece Uykur ◽  
Pavel Kapralov ◽  
Alexei Kiselev ◽  
Keith Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
High Proton ◽  
New Type ◽  
Porous Matrices ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Separations Science

Water at the solid-liquid interface exhibits an anomalous ionic conductivity and dielectric constant compared to bulk water. Both phenomena still lack a detailed understanding. Here, we report radiofrequency measurements and analyses of the electrodynamic properties of interfacial water confined in nano-porous matrices formed by diamond grains of various sizes, ranging from 5 nm to 0.5 μm in diameter. Contrary to bulk water, the charge-carrying protons/holes in interfacial water are not mutually screened allowing for higher mobility in the external electric field. Thus, the protonic conductivity reaches a maximum value, which can be five orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk water. Our results aid in the understanding of physical and chemical properties of water confined in porous materials, and pave the way to the development of new type of highly-efficient proton-conductive materials for applications in electrochemical energy systems, membrane separations science and nano-fluidics.

scholarly journals Anomalously High Proton Conduction of Interfacial Water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasily Artemov ◽  
Ece Uykur ◽  
Pavel Kapralov ◽  
Alexei Kiselev ◽  
Keith Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Interfacial Water ◽  
High Proton ◽  
New Type ◽  
Porous Matrices ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Separations Science

Water at the solid-liquid interface exhibits an anomalous ionic conductivity and dielectric constant compared to bulk water. Both phenomena still lack a detailed understanding. Here, we report radiofrequency measurements and analyses of the electrodynamic properties of interfacial water confined in nano-porous matrices formed by diamond grains of various sizes, ranging from 5 nm to 0.5 μm in diameter. Contrary to bulk water, the charge-carrying protons/holes in interfacial water are not mutually screened allowing for higher mobility in the external electric field. Thus, the protonic conductivity reaches a maximum value, which can be five orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk water. Our results aid in the understanding of physical and chemical properties of water confined in porous materials, and pave the way to the development of new type of highly-efficient proton-conductive materials for applications in electrochemical energy systems, membrane separations science and nano-fluidics.

Carbon Dots: Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guili Ge ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Mingjian Chen ◽  
Zhaoyang Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Carbon dots (CDs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterial that have unique physical and chemical properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, easy surface functionalization, making them widely used in biological...

Bacteriochlorophyll e : structure and stereochemistry of a new type of chlorophyll from Chlorobiaceae

1976 ◽  
Vol 273 (924) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Formula ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Bacteriochlorophyll E ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A so far unknown chlorophyll has been isolated from several strains of brown-coloured chlorobacteria and has been designated bacteriochlorophyll e . Comparison of the physical and chemical properties of the new chlorophyll with those of bacteriochlorophylls c and d ( Chlorbium chlorophylls) allows one to deduce its structural formula. The stereochemistry of the hydroxyethyl side chain of bacteriochlorophylls c, d and e can be determined by a modified Horeau analysis of these pigments, and the results thus obtained are in agreement with those derived from oxidative degradation experiments. The latter method allows one furthermore to prove the structure of bacteriochlorophylls c and d proposed by Holt, and to establish the absolute configuration at carbon atoms 7 and 8. The presence of a δ-methylsubstituent in bacteriochlorophylls c and e is unambiguously demonstrated by nuclear magnetic resonance.

New Condensation Products of Rubber Hydrocarbons by the Aid of Benzyl Chloride

1932 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
F. Kirchhof
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Benzyl Chloride ◽  
Condensation Product ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Metal Chlorides ◽  
Condensation Products ◽  
New Type ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The application of the long-known Friedel-Crafts reaction to rubber hydrocarbons led to a new type of condensation products which may be called provisionally aral cyclorubbers (“benzylidene rubbers”), since their benzylidene groups are probably condensed with the polyprene skeleton to cyclic systems. It would not have been foreseen without further work that rubber would form this type of condensation product with aral halides in the presence of aluminum chloride, since on the one hand benzyl chloride is known to form, by the action of aluminum chloride in the Friedel-Crafts reaction, an amorphous, apparently high molecular hydrocarbon of the empirical composition (C7H6)x, and on the other hand rubber in solution is transformed by the metal chlorides, especially aluminum chloride, into amorphous polycyclorubbers. Under definite conditions of condensation with aluminum chloride aral groups are combined with the skeleton of the rubber hydrocarbon with the formation of white to yellowish amorphous bodies which contain, in addition to a small proportion of organically combined chlorine, only carbon and hydrogen, and are therefore to be regarded as hydrocarbons. In their physical and chemical properties these substances resemble the already known amorphous substance of the empirical formula (C7H6)x, which doubtless is polybenzylidene, probably hexabenzylidene.

Influences of Nano–Effect on Thermodynamic Properties of Solid–liquid Interfaces: Theoretical and Experimental Researches

CrystEngComm ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Duan ◽  
Zuohui Cheng ◽  
Yongqiang Xue ◽  
Jinzhong Zhao ◽  
Meihong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Liquid Interfaces ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Experimental Researches ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The unique physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles are closely related to the interfacial properties which depend on nano–effect. Herein, we analyzed theoretically the relationships of interfacial thermodynamic properties with...

scholarly journals Outlook and overview of microplastics pollution in ecological environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 02027
Author(s):  
Zhao Bin ◽  
Cheng Yongqiang ◽  
Guo Cuilian ◽  
Liu Maoke ◽  
Yao Puyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
New Type ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Microplastics are attracting more and more attention as a new type of pollutant in the ecological environment. Microplastics are difficult to degrade because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Some microplastics adsorbed toxic chemicals (e.g. heavy metals or organic pollutants) will cause a series of toxicological effects in organisms. This paper summarized the research progress in microplastics from the aspects of the types, distribution, detection and the toxicological effects. In addition, future research directions were also proposed and discussed.

scholarly journals Quantitation of nonspecific protein adsorption at solid–liquid interfaces for single-cell proteomics

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Chung Gilbert Lee ◽  
Bingyun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Single Cell ◽  
Protein Adsorption ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proteome Level ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Nonspecific Protein Adsorption ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Protein nonspecific adsorption that occurred at the solid–liquid interface has been subjected to intense physical and chemical characterizations due to its crucial role in a wide range of applications, including food and pharmaceutical industries, medical implants, biosensing, and so on. Protein-adsorption caused sample loss has largely hindered the studies of single-cell proteomics; the prevention of such loss requires the understanding of protein–surface adsorption at the proteome level, in which the competitive adsorption of thousands and millions of proteins with vast dynamic range occurs. To this end, we feel the necessity to review current methodologies on their potentials to characterize — more specifically to quantify — the proteome-wide adsorption. We hope this effort can help advancing single-cell proteomics and trace proteomics.

Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Type of Cationic Gemini Surfactant

2013 ◽  
Vol 652-654 ◽  
pp. 765-769
Author(s):  
Qing Wang Liu ◽  
Yun Hai Zhu ◽  
Guang Zhi Han ◽  
Zhen Zhong Fan ◽  
Ji Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Target Product ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Cationic Gemini Surfactant ◽  
Synthetic Product ◽  
Dimethyl Amine ◽  
New Type ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

A cationic Gemini surfactant ethane-1, 2-bis (Cetyl dimethyl brominated ammonium), denoted 16-2-16 was synthesized from ethane and Hexadecyl dimethyl amine. The properties of the product were characterized, and the physical and chemical properties were determined. The results showed that the synthetic product was the target product, and its surface tension was 3.4×10-4N/m, and the CMC was 2.2×10-4mol/L at 25°C. At the same time, its synergistic effect with common surfactants was studied; the results showed that the synthetic product had good synergic effect.

Influence of Tourmaline Mineral Material on Structure and Physical and Chemical Properties of Water

2013 ◽  
Vol 320 ◽  
pp. 577-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Ping Meng ◽  
Xiao Li Huo ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Yan Fen Pan
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Infrared Rays ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Far Infrared Spectra ◽  
Indirect Action ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The influence of polar crystalline tourmaline on the structure and physical and chemical property of water in direct action and indirect action was researched by the solid/liquid independent device to isolate tourmaline and water. The results showed that far-infrared rays from tourmaline could react with water molecules, and the hydrogen bonds were weakened through resonance; The far-infrared spectra of water treated by tourmaline in the solid/liquid independent device was compared with that by direct contaction. The far-infrared of tourmaline played a more important role in changing hodrogen bonds than electric field and negative ions of water. Surface tension of water in the solid/liquid independent device was decreased after the treatment of tourmaline, and the decreased degree went up with the rise of temperature; the dissolved oxygen of water was increased by 7.8%, the conductivity 9.8% and the evaporation rate 10.4%.

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