scholarly journals An Absurd Concept of Self-Medication: A Case of Oral Chemical Burn

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 151-153
Author(s):  
Yagyeshwar Malhotra ◽  
Parul Uppal Malhotra ◽  
Neera Ohri ◽  
Anindita Mallik
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Chemical Burn ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
White Patch ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
History Of

A chemical burn is seen in oral cavity after a noxious agent is placed in direct contact with the mucosa as a mode of self treatment or iatrogenically by dentist. Mild lesions due to less irritating agents result in mild alteration in texture, while more severe lesions (soreness to outright pain) are due to more irritating agents and because of agents of longer duration of contact. Commonly used chemicals used by patients for tooth pain are aspirin which is placed next to the offending tooth and OTC preparations. The essential oil based preparations are easily available in pharmacies or are prepared by local people. These medicaments can harm a patient if not used under medical or ayurvedic supervision as they have beneficial plant extracts, essential oils etc. A case of such self inflicted chemical burn of the oral mucosa is reported due to use of clove oil preparation available locally, used with varying amount and frequency. History of using over the counter medicaments for dental ailment should be asked when patients visit the dentist with complains of burning or white patch in mouth.

scholarly journals A Study of Complications following Self-administration with Medical Abortion Pills

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Giri ◽  
VR Srivastav ◽  
A Suwal ◽  
B Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Medical Abortion ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Missed Abortion ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Incomplete Abortion ◽  
Abortion Complications ◽  
History Of

Aims: The objective of this study was to find out the complications following self-administration with medical abortion pills.Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Nepal Medical College over a period of two years from January 2013 to December 2014 among 48 women who were admitted with abortion complications and also gave history of self-administration of abortion pills.Results: During the study period, 48 women with history of self-medication with abortion pills were admitted with various abortion complications. There were 60% of women who had consumed abortion pills within approved nine weeks gestation while 19% had consumed after nine weeks and 21% after twelve weeks. Majority (60%) were admitted with incomplete abortion, 4% with missed abortion, 13% with continued live pregnancy, 6.5% with septic abortion and 6.5% with ectopic pregnancy. Anemia was present in 79% of patient. More than one third of the patient had severe anemia and blood transfusion was needed in 52%. Surgical evacuation was required in 71% of patient; medical abortion with repeat doses of mifepristone and misoprostol was done in was done 13% and 6.5% needed laparotomy for ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions: Though medical abortion is considered to be highly effective and safe procedure, unsupervised selfadministration of medical abortion pills was associated with serious maternal morbidities. There should be some policy torestrict over the counter sale of this medicine.

scholarly journals Need for self-medication using over-the-counter psychoactive agents: A national survey in Japan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245866
Author(s):  
Akihiro Shiina ◽  
Tomihisa Niitsu ◽  
Masaomi Iyo
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
History Of ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions

Self-medication using over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is an option for the autonomous treatment of several health problems. However, the use of OTC drugs to treat psychiatric conditions remains controversial. To clarify opinions regarding the use of OTC drugs to treat psychiatric problems, we conducted an anonymous online survey of 3000 people in Japan. Participants were stratified into three groups according to their history of mental health problems. Few participants had engaged in self-medication using OTC drugs for psychiatric symptoms, with the exception of insomnia. Participants who had used OTC drugs reported feeling less satisfied with their experience compared with those who had consulted a specialist. Participants who had used sleeping pills were likely to hold relatively positive opinions regarding the use of OTC psychiatric drugs. In conclusion, the need for self-medication of psychiatric symptoms appears to be limited. Education and further research may be necessary to promote self-medication for proper treatment of psychiatric conditions in Japan.

scholarly journals Attitude and practice of Saudi population towards self-medication with over the counter ophthalmic preparations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 801
Author(s):  
Amjad M. Alharbi ◽  
Marya A. Alsuhaibani ◽  
Suraka Rumman ◽  
Ahmed Mousa ◽  
Ahmad Alaraj
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Saudi Population ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: This study was conducted to identify Saudi populations’ attitude and practice towards self-medication with over the counter (OTC) ophthalmic preparations.Methods: It was cross-sectional online-survey-based study using modified questionnaire from previous study targeting Saudi population (aged 15 years or above). Only who had used OTC ophthalmic preparations were included.Results: A total of 1426 participants were included and the mean age was 25.5±9.3 years. History of eye diseases were seen in n=860 (60.3%) which is include myopia n=481 (33.7%), dry eye n=296 (20.8%) and vernal keratoconjunctivitis n=180 (12.6%). Fifty four percent of the participants were familiar with OTC preparation (n=767) and n=927 (65.7%) believed that it is not safe to be used. More than one third consider antibiotics, antihistamines and decongestant eye drops as OTC. However, only n=275 (19.5%) think that lubricant eye drops are not under OTC categories. Participants who self-medicated with OTC were n=890 (62.4%), among them n=422 (47.4%) they do not know the names of medication, n=305 (34.3%) used lubricants and n=80 (9%) used antibiotics. Participants received prescription advice from n=208 (39.3%) pharmacists, n=133 (25.1%) relatives’ advice and n=26 (4.9%) from social media. Thirty eight percent use OTC because they used it before, while n=217 (27.7%) used it because of its easily accessibility.Conclusions: Saudi populations have awareness of various categories of OTC ophthalmic preparations. Despite that, those who used it tend to have poor practice.

scholarly journals Future Pharmacists’ Opinions on the Facilitation of Self-Care with Over-the-Counter Products and Whether This Should Remain a Core Role

Pharmacy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Lezley-Anne Hanna ◽  
Alana Murphy ◽  
Maurice Hall ◽  
Rebecca Craig
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Contraception ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Single Institution ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Otc Medicines ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Identifiable Data

Background: The aim was to investigate pharmacy students’ views on the role of the pharmacist in facilitating self-care with over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, particularly in light of new roles, and establish personal practice. Methods: Final year pharmacy students at Queen’s University Belfast were invited to participate. Data were collected via a pre-piloted questionnaire, distributed at a compulsory class (only non-identifiable data were requested). Descriptive statistics were performed, and non-parametric tests were employed for inferential statistical analysis (responses by gender). Results: The response rate was 87.6% (78/89); 34.6% (27/78) males and 65.4% (51/78) females. Over a third [34.6% (27/78)] reported using OTC medicines about once a month. All appreciated the importance of an evidence-based approach to optimize patient care. Most [(96.2% (75/78)] deemed OTC consultations should remain a fundamental responsibility of pharmacists and 69.2% (54/78) thought OTC consultations have the potential to be as complex as independent pharmacist prescribing. Females felt more confident recommending OTC emergency contraception than males (p = 0.002 for levonorgestrel and p = 0.011 for ulipristal acetate). Many [61.5% (48/78)] considered more medicines should not be deregulated from prescription-only status. Conclusions: Data from this single institution suggests that enabling self-medication is an important part of practice but there were confidence issues around deregulations.

Salicylate toxicity from chronic bismuth subsalicylate use

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. e236929
Author(s):  
Sheliza Halani ◽  
Peter E Wu
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Intravenous Fluids ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Bismuth Subsalicylate ◽  
Salicylate Concentration ◽  
History Of

A 79-year-old man presented to the emergency department with a 1-week history of worsening confusion, falls and hearing impairment. An initial workup for infectious, metabolic and structural causes was unrevealing. However, further history discovered that he had been ingesting one to two bottles of Pepto-Bismol (bismuth subsalicylate) daily for gastro-oesophageal reflux symptoms. On his second day of admission, the plasma salicylate concentration was 2.08 mmol/L (reference range 1.10–2.20 mmol/L), despite no sources of salicylate in hospital. He was diagnosed with chronic salicylate toxicity and Pepto-Bismol use was discontinued. The patient was treated supportively with isotonic intravenous fluids only and plasma salicylate concentration fell to less than 0.36 mmol/L. Concurrently, all his symptoms resolved. This case highlights the potential adverse effects of over-the-counter medications. The diagnosis of chronic salicylate toxicity is challenging, specifically in the elderly and in undifferentiated presentations, as it can be missed if not suspected.

373 Historical Use of Substances for Insomnia Impacts Current Beliefs about Hypnotic Medications

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A148-A149
Author(s):  
Jessica Dietch ◽  
Norah Simpson ◽  
Joshua Tutek ◽  
Isabelle Tully ◽  
Elizabeth Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Medication ◽  
Stepped Care ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prescription Medications ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Beliefs About Medications ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between current beliefs about hypnotic medications and historical use of prescription hypnotic medications or non-prescription substances for sleep (i.e., over the counter [OTC] medications, alcohol, and cannabis). Methods Participants were 142 middle age and older adults with insomnia (M age = 62.9 [SD = 8.1]; 71.1% female) enrolled in the RCT of the Effectiveness of Stepped-Care Sleep Therapy In General Practice (RESTING) study. Participants reported on history of substances they have tried for insomnia and completed the Beliefs about Medications Questionnaire-Specific with two subscales assessing beliefs about 1) the necessity for hypnotics, and 2) concerns about potential adverse consequences of hypnotics. Participants were grouped based on whether they had used no substances for sleep (No Subs, 11.6%), only prescription medications (Rx Only, 9.5%), only non-prescription substances (NonRx Only, 26.6%), or both prescription and non-prescription substances (Both, 52.3%). Results Sixty-one percent of the sample had used prescription medication for sleep and 79% had used non-prescription substances (74% OTC medication, 23% alcohol, 34% cannabis). The greater number of historical substances endorsed, the stronger the beliefs about necessity of hypnotics, F(1,140)=23.3, p<.001, but not about concerns. Substance groups differed significantly on necessity beliefs, F(3,1)=10.68, p<.001; post-hocs revealed the Both group had stronger beliefs than the No and NonRx Only groups. Substance groups also differed significantly on the concerns subscale, F(3,1)=6.68, p<.001; post-hocs revealed the NonRx Only group had stronger harm beliefs than the other three groups. Conclusion The majority of the sample had used both prescription and non-prescription substances to treat insomnia. Historical use of substances for treating insomnia was associated with current beliefs about hypnotics. Individuals who had used both prescription and non-prescription substances for sleep in the past had stronger beliefs about needing hypnotics to sleep at present, which may reflect a pattern of multiple treatment failures. Individuals who had only tried non-prescription substances for sleep may have specifically sought alternative substances due to concerns about using hypnotics. Future research should seek to understand the impact of treatment history on engagement in and benefit from non-medication-based treatment for insomnia. Support (if any) 1R01AG057500; 2T32MH019938-26A1

Clonal similarity of salivary and nasopharyngeal Fusobacterium nucleatum in infants with acute otitis media experience

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnsteinn Haraldsson ◽  
W. Peter Holbrook ◽  
Eija Könönen
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arbitrarily Primed Pcr ◽  
Inoculation Route ◽  
Media Experience

The environment of an infant's nasopharynx during acute otitis media (AOM) favours the growth of anaerobic bacteria, which can be recovered frequently during infection, but hardly at all if the infant is healthy. The aim of this investigation was to identify the potential source and inoculation route of anaerobes that were present in the nasopharynx. Eleven Fusobacterium nucleatum isolates that were collected through the nasal cavity from the nasopharynx of eight infants with a history of AOM, and 161 F. nucleatum isolates from the saliva of the same infants, were typed to the clonal level by using arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR). In five of the eight infants examined, identical AP-PCR types were found among nasopharyngeal and salivary isolates. As anaerobes seem to be present only transiently in the nasopharynx and salivary contamination of the nasopharyngeal samples can be excluded, this observation indicates that the source of nasopharyngeal anaerobes is the oral cavity and that saliva is their transmission vehicle.

Enzyme‐assisted extraction of essential oils from Syzygium aromaticum

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
R. Amudan ◽  
D. V. Kamat ◽  
S. D. Kamat
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Chemical Extraction ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Zone Size ◽  
Structure Quality ◽  
Assisted Extraction

The essential oil of clove ( Syzygium aromaticum) holds an important positionamongst widely used essential oils. A typical steam distillation processfor the extraction of clove oil provides a 10.1% yield. Recent studies involvedthe use of enzymes such as pectinase, amylase, lignocellulase, and cellulaseon the powder of clove buds, prior to extraction. The traditional methods ofphysical and chemical extraction are effective but may affect the structure,quality and yield of the phytochemicals extracted. In the current study,hence, enzymes specific for action on the cell wall have been used in the pretreatment prior to extraction, to enhance the quality and yield of the phytochemicalsextracted. The results indicated that all the enzymes, gave morethan 50% higher yield than control in terms of weight of extracted essentialoil. A mixture of the enzymes gave the highest yield of 17.82%. Gas chromatographyresults indicated that the essential oil extracted using amylase hada maximum eugenol content of 70%, in comparison with the eugenol content(62–68%) in the essential oils extracted using the rest of the enzymes.Antibacterial activity of all the extracts was studied on methicillin â€resistantStaphylococcus aureus  (MRSA). The essential oil extracted by using amylaseinhibitedMRSA, showed a zone size of 40 mm, whereas the essential oil extractedby using lignocellulase showed a zone size of 45 mm. The gas chromatogramindicated the maximum number of peaks in this extract, whichcould be producing a combined antibacterial effect on the organism. Thespecific gravity values of the essential oil extracted using lignocellulase andamylase was 1.051 and 1.062, respectively, whereas the control had a specificgravity of 1.015.

Perio Millennium The journey of periodontology from then to now

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240
Author(s):  
Patnaik R ◽  
Nayak A
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical Health Care

Since the beginning of the civilisation, humans have been in a constant process of development. Along with lifestyle, healthcare developments have also been embraced in a remarkable journey through ages. With evolving lifestyle, the survival of disease-causing pathogens has also parallelly developed by sudden mutations and gradual evolution of species for their survival, demanding an improvement in healthcare facilities which include physical, mental and social well-being. The physical health care has seen an interesting journey in terms of both systemic and oral health. While we speak of health, the contribution of periodontal health is an appreciable factor determining the health of the oral cavity. Periodontal healthcare has existed, evolved and advanced with every passing day. This manuscript aimed at reviewing the history of periodontology from its earliest evidence up to the impending future of periodontology, exploring its existence from an era of prehistoric civilisation to an era which is yet to present itself.

scholarly journals Public perception of community pharmacists in South Africa: a preliminary study

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Bornman ◽  
Ilse Truter ◽  
Daniel JL Venter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Preliminary Study

This survey forms part of a study undertaken to identify and quantify the community pharmacist’s involvement in the use of non-prescription/over-the-counter (OTC) medicine/self-medication in community pharmacies throughout South Africa. Opsomming Hierdie opname vorm deel van ‘n studie wat onderneem word om die gemeenskapsapteker se betrokkenheid in die gebruik van nie-voorskrif/oor-die-toonbank medikasie/ selfmedikasie in gemeenskapsapteke in Suid Afrika te identifiseer en te kwantifiseer. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

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