scholarly journals Approach to: Amenorrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Baril
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Regular Cycle ◽  
Irregular Menses

This article provides an approach to amenorrhea and is intended for pre-clinical and clerkship medical students. Primary amenorrhea refers to the absence of menarche by 15 years or 3 years post thelarche while secondary amenorrhea is the cessation of menses for 3 months in women with a previously regular cycle or for 6 months in women with previously irregular menses. While amenorrhea can be physiological it can also reflect an anatomical or more complex hormonal problem that students must learn to identify and investigate. 

scholarly journals Interpretasi Ayat Iddah Bagi Wanita Menopause, Amenorea, Dan Hamil Dengan Pendekatan Medis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Nur Lailatul Musyafa’ah
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Menstrual Period ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Waiting Period ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Medical Perspective

Abstract: This article discusses the verse of the Quran concerning iddah (waiting period after divorce or death of husband). The concerned verse is QS. 65:4. It stipulates iddah for menopause women, amenorrhea women, and pregnant women. Muslim jurists agree that waiting period for menopause and amenorrhea women is three lunar months, whereas pregnant women must wait until labor. Medical examination shows several advantages for waiting period. Firstly, the word “in irtabtum” (when you have doubt) in the verse for menopause women, that women before menopause tend to get their menstrual period irregularly which in medical perspective a menopause women are those who have not get their menstrual period in a full year. Secondly, the attribute to women who not yet get menstruation and not yet pregnant, because there are two types of amenorrhea; primary and secondary. Primary amenorrhea for those who never get menstruation whereas secondary amenorrhea is caused by pregnancy or other causes. Thirdly, the attribute in the verse of iddah for pregnant women with “an yadha’na hamlahunna” not with “an yalidna” means that pregnancy take place when ovum was fertilized by sperm. Thus, when there is no pregnancy, either because of miscarriage or labor, the iddah concludes. Key words: iddah, Quranic interpretation, medical knowledge

Transverse vaginal septum presenting as secondary amenorrhoea: a rare clinical presentation

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. e235374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garima Yadav ◽  
Neha Agrawal ◽  
Sureka Binit ◽  
Pratibha Singh
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Cell Debris ◽  
Vaginal Septum ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Transverse Vaginal Septum

Transverse vaginal septum is one of the variants of Mullerian duct anomaly, caused as a result of defective fusion or recanalisation of vaginal and Mullerian organs. At an early age, it commonly presents as primary amenorrhea along with cyclical abdominal pain while later on usually it presents as dyspareunia and infertility. Our 22-year-old patient presented with secondary amenorrhea. It is very unusual for a transverse vaginal septum to cause secondary amenorrhea. MRI and clinical examination raised the suspicion of transverse vaginal septum causing secondary amenorrhea. She attained regular menstrual cycle after septum excision. The proposed theory behind it is obliteration of microperforated transverse vaginal septum because of menstrual blood and cell debris. Thus, a rare possibility of transverse vaginal septum should also be considered as a differential diagnosis of secondary amenorrhea.

Differential effect of estrogen on pituitary responsiveness to GnRH in women with different forms of hypothalamic amenorrhea

1990 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-655
Author(s):  
G. A. Schuiling ◽  
N. Valkhof ◽  
T. R. Koiter ◽  
R. M. Lappöhn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Estradiol Valerate ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Ovulatory Cycle ◽  
Hypothalamic Amenorrhea ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract. The effect of treatment with estradiol valerate (6 days, 2-6 mg/day) on basal levels of LH and FSH and on response of LH and FSH levels to GnRH challenge (2 × 25 μg GnRH, iv) were investigated in women with "hypothalamic amenorrhea", but without other endocrine disorders. Three groups were studied: 11 women with primary amenorrhea, 10 women exhibiting secondary amenorrhea related with weight loss, and 7 women with normal weight and with amenorrhea persisting after a period of severe weight loss. Before treatment with estradiol valerate the estradiol concentrations in all women were at the lower limit of the follicular phase of a normal ovulatory cycle. In addition, there were no differences between the groups in basal LH and FSH levels and in responses to GnRH challenges. Treatment with estradiol valerate suppressed the basal levels of FSH but not of LH in all women. Estradiol did not affect the response to GnRH challenge in women with primary amenorrhea, weakly augmented the response in women with secondary amenorrhea associated with weight loss, and strongly increased the response in secondary amenorrheic women who had regained normal weight. The results are interpreted in the light of the well-established fact that estrogen augments the gonadotropin response only if the pituitary gland is not exposed to high concentrations of GnRH. It is hypothesized that the differential response to GnRH of the present patients after estrogen treatment reflects differences in GnRH exposure of the pituitary gland, with patients with primary amenorrhea having the highest level of GnRH exposure.

Focus on BMI and subclinical hypothyroidism in adolescent girls first examined for amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea. The emerging role of polycystic ovary syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markella Nezi ◽  
Panagiotis Christopoulos ◽  
George Paltoglou ◽  
Alexandros Gryparis ◽  
Vassilios Bakoulas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Thyroiditis ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Primary And Secondary Amenorrhea

AbstractPrimary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and secondary amenorrhea are diagnosed commonly during adolescence. Weight aberrations are associated with menstrual disorders. Autoimmune thyroiditis is frequent during adolescence. In this study, the commonest clinical and hormonal characteristics of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea during adolescence were investigated.In this cross-sectional study, one hundred and thirty-eight consecutive young patients presenting with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea referred to an adolescent endocrinology and gynecology university clinic were studied. Clinical examination and an abdominal ultrasound were performed. Testosterone, free-testosterone, estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), 17-OH progesterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ΔPatients with primary and secondary amenorrhea presented more often with body mass index (BMI) <18.5 and BMI >25 kg/mAmong adolescent patients presenting with amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea for the first time those with low and high BMI present more often with primary and secondary amenorrhea, respectively. Obesity is involved in the development of hyperandrogenemia and hyperinsulinemia, particularly in PCOS patients. In these patients, subclinical hypothyroidism may be concealed and it should be investigated. These patients should be treated for abnormally increased or decreased BMI and be investigated for autoimmune thyroiditis.

Amenorrhea

2021 ◽  
pp. 175573802110316
Author(s):  
Pooja Munjal ◽  
Manju Nair
Keyword(s):  
Common Type ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Primary Amenorrhoea ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Sexual Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sexual

Amenorrhoea is defined as absence of menstruation in women of reproductive age. Primary amenorrhoea is a failure to start menstruation by the age of 13 years without secondary sexual characteristics or by the age of 15 years with normal secondary sexual characteristics. Secondary amenorrhoea is the absence of menstruation for 6 months in a woman with normal prior menstruation. Secondary amenorrhea is more common type, with a prevalence of between 3 and 4%. This compares with a prevalence of 0.3% for those with primary amenorrhea.

scholarly journals Gambaran menstruasi atlit basket di SMAN 9 Manado

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia M. Tanudjaja ◽  
Hedison Polii ◽  
Herlina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
High Level

Abstract: Women or female involved in sport usually become athlete, and athlete usually have high levels of physical exercise, but excess of physical exercise can cause disturbances in female reproductive organ that affects menstrual cycle. Several studies have been conducted to determine the relationship between excess energy consumption due to high level of physical exercise with impaired reproductive function in female athletes such as primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, and oligomenorrhea. This study aimed to obtain the description of menstruation in female basketball athletes on SMAN 9 Manado. This was a descriptive study using a prospective cross-sectional design. Subjects taken were female students from SMAN 9 Manado who met the inclusion criteria. Instrument that used are physical exercise and menstruation questionnaire. The result showed that 16 subjects had normal menstrual cycle, 12 subjects experienced polymenorrhea, 4 subjects experienced oligomenorrhea, and 1 subject had experienced secondary amenorrhea. Conclusion: Most of the female basketball athletes of SMAN 9 Manado experienced polymenorrhea, some experienced oligomenorrhea, and only one athlete had experienced secondary amenorrhea.Keywords: menstrual disorder, physical exercise, amenorrhea, oligomenorrheaAbstrak: Wanita yang terlibat dalam dunia olahraga banyak yang menjadi atlet sehingga memiliki tingkat latihan fisik yang cukup tinggi. Latihan fisik yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada wanita, diantaranya dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada siklus menstruasi. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pemakaian energi berlebih akibat latihan fisik yang tinggi dengan timbulnya gangguan fungsi reproduksi pada atlet wanita berupa amenorea primer, sekunder, dan oligomenorea. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran menstruasi pada atlet basket siswi di SMAN 9 Manado. Metode penelitian ini deskriptif prospektif dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian ialah siswi-siswi SMAN 9 Manado yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Instrumen yang digunakan ialah kuesioner latihan fisik dan menstruasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 16 subjek memiliki siklus haid normal, 12 subjek mengalami polimenorea, 4 subjek mengalami oligomenorea, dan 1 subjek pernah mengalami amenorea sekunder. Simpulan: Sebagian besar atlet basket di SMAN 9 Manado mengalami polimenorea, beberapa mengalami oligomenorea, dan hanya 1 atlit yang pernah mengalami amenorea sekunder.Kata kunci: gangguan menstruasi, latihan fisik, amenorea, oligomenorea.

scholarly journals Application of Piracetam Electrophoresis in Complex Sanatorium-Resort Treatment of Girls with Amenorrhea

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Olga I. Garmash ◽  
Natalya V. Kosolapova ◽  
Olga F. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
Emotional State ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Primary Amenorrhea ◽  
Menstrual Function ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Main Complaint ◽  
Primary And Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Hormonal Levels

Aim. The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of the piracetam electrophoresis application in the complex sanatoriumresorttreatment of girls with amenorrhea. Material and methods. 56 girls aged 12 to 17 years were under observation, who were treated in the gynecological department ofthe children’s clinical sanatorium “Zdravnitsa”. Primary amenorrhea was recorded in 15 girls, secondary amenorrhea in 41. Long-termresults of sanatorium-resort treatment were studied in 8 girls with secondary amenorrhea. The control group consisted of 20 healthygirls, comparable in age, who underwent hormonal studies. Results. Upon admission to the sanatorium, the main complaint of all girls was the absence of menstruation, many had chronicinflammatory pathology of the ENT organs and pathology of the musculoskeletal system. There was a decrease in ovarian steroidogenesis,while hypoestrogenism was observed in the majority of patients. Girls with amenorrhea are characterized by a high levelof vertigo, an average level of anxiety, fatigue and a fairly low level of irritability. After the sanatorium-resort treatment, an improvementin the general condition of the girls was noted; during their stay in the sanatorium, menstruation was observed in 4 girls withsecondary amenorrhea. After the treatment, a significant positive dynamics of steroid and peptide hormones was revealed in girlswith primary and secondary amenorrhea. In girls with secondary amenorrhea, the ratio of LH/FSH approached the physiological one,but remained significantly higher than normal indicators. Under the influence of sanatorium-resort treatment, the level of adrenalinein the urine normalized in all girls with primary amenorrhea, and in the majority with secondary amenorrhea. There was a positivedynamics of the girls’ psycho-emotional state. According to the long-term results data of sanatorium-resort treatment, the restorationof menstrual function was observed within a year in half of the girls with secondary amenorrhea. Conclusion. The use of the 5% piracetam solution electrophoresis in a complex sanatorium-resort treatment of girls with amenorrheaimproved the general health of girls, normalized hormonal levels and restored menstrual function in half of the girls with secondaryamenorrhea within a year after a course of treatment in the sanatorium.

What happens to medical students who complete an honours year in public health and epidemiology?

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan S Nguyen-Van-Tam ◽  
Richard F A Logan ◽  
Sarah A E Logan ◽  
Jennifer S Mindell
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Medical Students
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