scholarly journals Medicinal benefits of Malaysian Salads (ULAM): from old wives’ tale to scientifically proven

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norshidah Harun ◽  
Aina Nabihah Mohd Rosdi ◽  
Aina Amanina Abdul Jalil ◽  
Ezzatul Raihah Pauzzi ◽  
Normalisa Sofia Mazlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Stomach Pain ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Positive Results

Ulam is a group of traditional Malay vegetables, which is typically consumed raw and recognized as a popular dish in Malay culture. A number of previous studies have highlighted that Ulam are commonly used by the Malaysian natives in treating stomach pain. However, the findings have not yet been scientifically proven. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of four types of Ulam, Anacardium occidentale, Solanum tarvum, Diplazium esculentum, and Euodia redlevi against three gastroenteric pathogens isolated from patients involved in gastroenteritis outbreak which were obtained from the National Public Health Laboratory, Sungai Buloh. Three methods were applied in this research. The first one was the phytochemical screening to test the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and phenols in the methanolic extracts of the four plants. The second method was determining the total phenolic content (TPC) using the Follin-Ciocalteu method and thirdly, the Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method, to test the antimicrobial activity of all plant extracts. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of all constituents in the four extracts. The Ulam extracts also have shown positive results in inhibiting the activity of three enteric pathogens, indicated by the presence of a zone of inhibition. The evidence from this study suggests that the four Malaysian salads (Ulam), which are commonly used by Malaysian natives as herbal remedies in treating stomach pain, does contain the bioactive compounds that are the potential to be natural antibacterial in treating gastrointestinal tract disease.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivity Determination of Ethyl Acetate and Methanolic Extracts of Leaf and Bark of the Plant Nyctanthes arbortristis L.

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-151
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The present study targeted to evaluate the phytoconstituents of Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn., and its biological activity. By solvent extraction procedure, a total of four extracts were designated from the leaf and bark of the plant using two solvents (leaf extract in ethyl acetate and methanol: NALE & NALM; bark extract in ethyl acetate and methanol: NABE & NABM). Phytochemical screening was conducted by qualitative analysis and thin-layer chromatography. Parallelly, antioxidant property (by DPPH free radical scavenging method) and antimicrobial activity (by disk diffusion method) were also investigated to determine bioactivity. The presence of alkaloids and glycosides was detected by qualitative phytochemical assay of the extracts. Furthermore, TLC successfully observed the versatility of the compound's presence, such as phenolic compounds, different alkaloids, and glycosides. In DPPH assay, methanolic extracts are highly capable of scavenging the radicals than the ethyl acetate extracts. Surprisingly, IC50 for NABM (1.69 µg/ml) is less than ascorbic acid (3.58µg/ml), which is an exploration of the excellent antioxidant potential of the plant. But any extracts showed no positive result in the antimicrobial test against gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, even against yeast.

Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and antitumor activities of the red propolis Alagoas

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. G. Silva ◽  
T. M. S. Matias ◽  
L. I. O. Souza ◽  
T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽  
S. A. Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Dpph Method

Abstract The study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, toxicity and phytochemical screening of the Red Propolis Alagoas. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by disk diffusion method. Determination of antioxidant activity was performed using the DPPH assay (1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl), FTC (ferric thiocyanate) and determination of phenolic compounds by Follin method. Toxicity was performed by the method of Artemia salina and cytotoxicity by MTT method. The phytochemical screening for the detection of allelochemicals was performed. The ethanol extract of propolis of Alagoas showed significant results for antimicrobial activity, and inhibitory activity for Staphylococcus aureus and Candida krusei. The antioxidant activity of the FTC method was 80% to 108.3% hydrogen peroxide kidnapping, the DPPH method showed an EC50 3.97 mg/mL, the content of total phenolic compounds was determined by calibration curve gallic acid, resulting from 0.0005 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The extract was non-toxic by A. salina method. The propolis extract showed high activity with a higher percentage than 75% inhibition of tumor cells OVCAR-8, SF-295 and HCT116. Chemical constituents were observed as flavonones, xanthones, flavonols, and Chalcones Auronas, Catechins and leucoanthocyanidins. It is concluded that the extract can be tested is considered a potential source of bioactive metabolites.

Antimicrobial activities of Allium staticiforme and Allium subhirsutum

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Alican Bahadir Semerci ◽  
Dilek İnceçayır ◽  
Vusale Mammadova ◽  
Ayşegül Hoş ◽  
Kenan Tunç
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Dpph Radical Scavenging

The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the bulb and flower of Allium staticiforme and Allium subhirsutum were investigated. In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenolic contents were determined. The results show that methanolic extracts of A. staticiforme and A. subhirsutum had antifungal activities against Candida albicans, together with a less activity level against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Enterecoccus faecalis, Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomanas aeruginosa. The total phenolic contents of A. staticiforme leaf and bulb were determined as 17 and 2.4 mg of GAE/100 g, respectively. The IC50 of methanolic extracts of A. staticiforme and A. subhirsutum were also determined. In conclusion, both A. staticiforme and A. subhirsutum have antifungal activities with weak antibacterial activities. These plants have DPPH radical scavenging activities. Video Clip of Methodology: Disc Diffusion Method: 3 min 04 sec:  Full Screen   Alternate

scholarly journals LC-ESI/MS and GC-MS Methanol Extract Analysis, Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Activity Studies of Centella asiatica

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-51
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Ondeko ◽  
Bernard F. Juma ◽  
Lilechi D. Baraza ◽  
Peter K. Nyongesa
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Aims: To determine chemical constituents of the Leaf extracts of Centella asiatica using the LC-MS and GC-MS and their antimicrobial activities. Study Design: Structural determination of compounds from the leaf extracts was done using GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were done using disc diffusion method. Place and Duration of Study:  Pure and Applied Chemistry Department, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, Kenya: Between 2016-2019. Methodology: Plant materials of C. asiatica were sequentially extracted separately based on the polarity viz., hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Determination of chemical constituents was done using LC-MS and GC-MS analysis and phytochemical screening. The extracts were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Standard antimicrobials viz. ampicillin and Nystatin were used as the control. Disc diffusion method was used and zones of inhibition, after respective incubation periods, were used to quantify antibacterial and antifungal activity. Results: Phytochemical screening of the hexane, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts showed that terpenoids, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, amino acids and proteins, reducing sugars and carbohydrates were present. LC-MS and GC-MS analyses of the methanolic extracts identified 22 and 33 compounds, respectively, by use of the national institute of standards and technology (NIST) library. The extracts showed appreciable activity against common microbes tested. Conclusion: This study forms the basis for the biological characterization and significance of the compounds identified in the leaf and stem extracts of C. asiatica. These compounds are known to possess antibacterial and antifungal activities that could be established as potential candidates for future drug development. However, these extracts, need to be subjected to further chromatographic procedures to isolate the identified compounds and their bioactivities determined.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antifungal activity of Terminalia subspathulata bark and fruit extracts against azole-resistant Candida isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Yahaya ◽  
Sharif Alhassan Abdullahi ◽  
Yahaya Yakubu
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
Fruit Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Background: Emerging resistant Candida species become a severe problem for public health. The study aims to examine the efficacy of Terminalia subspathulata bark and fruit extracts as an alternative source of antifungals for resistant strains of Candida species. Methodology: Candida albicans was isolated between 4–5th interdigital foot space and C. parapsilosis were isolated from the left-hand third finger of male patients. Morphological and molecular methods identified the isolates. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) was determined using azole derivatives, amphotericin B (AmpB) and echinocandins based on E-test and broth microdilution (BMD) methods. The AFST activity of the 10 μL methanolic extracts with concentrations between 1.25–10 mg/mL was assessed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Results: The AFST results showed total resistance to all azoles (FLU, MIC ≥ 256 μg/ml and VOR, ITR and POS each with MIC ≥ 32 μg/ml). The BMD method agreed with E-test MICs. The T. subspathulata bark extract tested indicated activity on the C. albicans lawn with the zone of inhibition between 9–13 mm. The fruit extract indicated zone between 8–10 mm. Candida parapsilosis indicated susceptibility to bark extract with the zone of inhibition between 10–15 mm, while the fruit extract showed zone between 8–13 mm. Conclusion: Despite azole resistance, the extracts showed good activity against the isolates. Findings showed alternatives to AmpB and echinocandins because of toxicity and parenteral administration, respectively. Based on our findings, our study first reports the medicinal value of T. subspathulata.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanol Extracts of Cucumis flexouses and Cucumis reticulatus Seeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (01) ◽  
pp. 142-146
Author(s):  
Hafiza Tuseef Sayyar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Colorimetric Method ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

The current study is designed to investigate the phytochemical screening and to examine the potential antimicrobial, antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Cucumis flexouses and Cucumis reticulatus. The ethanol extract of C. flexouses and C. reticulatus seeds were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening for the confirmation of various phytochemicals and their total phenolic and flavonoid content is verified by the colorimetric method. Subsequently, antimicrobial activity of both extracts at the concentration of (25, 50, 100 mg/ml) against various microbial organisms was evaluated via the disc diffusion method by measuring zone of inhibition and estimating minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antioxidant activity was assessed by ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and DPPH free radical scavenging method. The ethanol extract of Cucumis flexouses showed maximum antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus (29.0±0.05mm), Bacillus subtilis (17.0±0.02 mm) followed by gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli (22.0±0.05 mm) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.04±0.34mm) respectively at 100mg/ ml concentration as compared to standard drug. Moreover, both the extracts showed no activity against fungal species Candida albicans. Similarly, significant antioxidant effects at 100mg/ml concentration (1.17±0.025) were also observed by FTC and (1.09±0.017) by DPPH method. The result of the current study depicts that ethanol extract of C. flexouses seeds possess significant in-vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant effects as compared to C. reticulatus seed extract and could be a good substitute for many infectious diseases

scholarly journals Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-Heksana dari Daun Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Dwi Lestari ◽  
Desy Fitriani ◽  
Serli Anngraeni
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity

Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is a typical mango of South Kalimantan. Kasturi mango leaves are reported to have antioxidant activity and are potential for treating various diseases, including diseases related to antibacterial. This study examines the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction of mango musk leaves on bacteria that cause acne. Experimental research started with plant determination, making extracts and fractions, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes using the disk diffusion method. The study results found that the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions had weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. acnes bacteria, which cause acne

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF TEA, BREADFRUIT, AND PIPER BETLE LEAVES EXTRACTS AGAINST Propionibacterium acnes AND ITS APPLICATION AS ANTI-ACNE MASK

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Angie Lucita ◽  
Tensiska Tensiska
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Bioactive Components ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extract Concentration

Tea, breadfruit, and piper betle leaves contain bioactive components that have a function as an antibacterial. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of leaf extract that has the highest inhibition power against Proponibacterium acnes and determine the concentration of the selected extract for mask applications that have good physical characteristics and acceptable to panelists. Extraction of tea, breadfruit, and piper betel leaves were carried out with 96% ethanol solvent using maceration method for 24 hours and concentrated with a rotary evaporator. Thick extracts contribute to antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method and total phenolic content. The selected extract was formulated into a clay mask with concentration of 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The result showed that breadfruit leaf extract had the highest inhibition power against Propionibacterium acnes which was 10.844 ± 0.327 mm (strong inhibition category) so that extract can be applied to clay mask. Breadfruit leaf extract concentration of 1.5% was the chosen formulation because it meets the standards, approved by the panelists and the most effective antibacterial for acne problems.

scholarly journals Evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of 6 important medicinal plants collected from North of Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Ghahari ◽  
Zahra Hadadi ◽  
Ghorban Ali Nematzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Abstract Background: as possible sources of natural bioactive molecules, the plant essential oils and extracts have been used globally in new antimicrobial compounds, food preservatives, and alternatives to treat infectious disease.Methods: In this research, the antimicrobial activities of chloroformic and methanolic extracts of Sophora flavescens, Rhaponticum repens, Alhagi maurorum, Melia azedarach, Peganum harmala, and Juncus conglomeratus were evaluated against 8 bacteria (S. aureus, B. subtilis, R. toxicus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, P. syringae, X. campestris, P. viridiflava) and 3 fungi (Pyricularia oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea), through disc diffusion method. Furthermore, the essential oils of plants with the highest antibacterial activity were analyzed utilizing GC/MS. Moreover, the tested plants were exposed to screening for possible antioxidant effect utilizing DPPH test, guaiacol peroxidas, and catalase enzymes. Besides, the amount of total phenol and flavonoid of these plants was measured. Results: Among the tested plants, methanolic and chloroformic extracts of P. harmala fruits showed the highest antibacterial activity against the tested bacteria. Besides, the investigation of free radical scavenging effects of the tested plants indicated the highest DPPH, protein, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase in P. harmala, M. azedarach, J. conglomeratus fruits, and J. conglomeratus fruits, respectively. In addition, the phytochemical analysis demonstrated the greatest amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid compositions in J. conglomeratus and P. harmala, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicated that these plants could act as a promising antimicrobial agent, due to their short killing time.

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